（灵枢脉度篇）
五脏常内阅于上七窍也，（阅，历也。五脏位次于内而气达于外，故阅于上之七窍如下文者。人身共有九窍，在上者
七，耳目口鼻也；在下者二，前阴后阴也。）故肺气通于鼻，肺和则鼻能知臭香矣；心气通于舌，心和则舌能知五味矣；
肝气通于目，肝和则目能辨五色矣；脾气通于口，脾和则口能知五谷矣；肾气通于耳，肾和则耳能闻五音矣。（阴阳应象
大论曰∶肺在窍为鼻，心在窍为舌，肝在窍为目，脾在窍为口，肾在窍为耳。故其气各有所通，亦各有所用，然必五脏
气和而后各称其职，否则脏有所病则窍有所应矣。）五脏不和则七窍不通，六腑不和则留为痈。（五脏属阴主里，故其不
和，则七窍为之不利。六腑属阳主表，故其不利，则肌腠留为痈疡。）故邪在腑则阳脉不和，阳脉不和则气留之，气留之
则阳气盛矣。阳气太盛则阴不利，阴脉不利则血留之，血留之则阴气盛矣。阴气太盛，则阳气不能荣也，故曰关。阳气
太盛，则阴气弗能荣也，故曰格。阴阳俱盛，不得相荣，故曰关格。关格者，不得尽期而死也。（阴阳之气，贵乎和平，
邪气居之，不在于阴，必在于阳。故邪气在腑，则气留之而阳胜，阳胜则阴病矣；阴病则血留之而阴胜，阴胜则阳病矣。
故阴气太盛，则阳气不荣而为关。阳气太盛，则阴气不荣而为格。阴阳俱盛，不得相荣，则阴自阴，阳自阳，不相浃洽
而为关格，故不得尽天年之期而死矣。本经荣营通用，不能荣，谓阴阳乖乱不能营行。彼此格拒不相通也。人迎盛者为
格阳，寸口盛者为关阴，义详脉色类二十二。）
（《灵枢·脉度》篇）
五脏之气常在体内通过上部的七个孔窍进行观察。（“阅”，意为经历、察看。五脏位于体内，其气通达于体表，因此可以通过上部的七个孔窍来察知内脏情况，如下文所述。人体共有九个孔窍，在上方的有七个，即眼、耳、口、鼻；在下方的有两个，即前阴和后阴。）所以肺气通于鼻，肺气调和则鼻子能辨别气味；心气通于舌，心气调和则舌头能辨别五味；肝气通于目，肝气调和则眼睛能分辨五色；脾气通于口，脾气调和则嘴巴能辨别五谷的味道；肾气通于耳，肾气调和则耳朵能听到五音。（《素问·阴阳应象大论》说：肺开窍于鼻，心开窍于舌，肝开窍于目，脾开窍于口，肾开窍于耳。所以它们的气各有所通，也各有所用，但必须五脏之气调和，才能各自胜任其职，否则脏腑有病，孔窍就会有所反应。）五脏不和则七窍不通，六腑不和则邪气滞留成为痈疡。（五脏属阴主里，所以它们不和，就会导致七窍不利。六腑属阳主表，所以它们不利，邪气就会停留在肌腠之间形成痈疡。）所以邪气在腑，则阳脉不和，阳脉不和则气机停留，气机停留则阳气亢盛。阳气太盛则阴气不利，阴脉不利则血液瘀滞，血液瘀滞则阴气亢盛。阴气太盛，则阳气不能滋养，所以称为“关”。阳气太盛，则阴气不能滋养，所以称为“格”。阴阳都亢盛，不能相互滋养，所以称为“关格”。患关格病的人，无法活到自然寿命的期限而死亡。（阴阳之气，贵在平和，邪气占据其中，不是在阴分，就是在阳分。所以邪气在腑，则气机停留而阳胜，阳胜则阴病；阴病则血液瘀滞而阴胜，阴胜则阳病。所以阴气太盛，则阳气不荣养而为“关”。阳气太盛，则阴气不荣养而为“格”。阴阳俱盛，不能相互滋养，则阴自阴，阳自阳，不相交融而为关格，所以无法活到天年之期而死。本经中“荣”与“营”通用，“不能荣”，指阴阳乖乱不能营行，彼此格拒不相通。人迎脉盛者为格阳，寸口脉盛者为关阴，义理详见脉色类第二十二。）
(Lingshu, Mai Du Chapter)
The Qi of the Five Zang organs is constantly observed internally through the seven orifices in the upper part of the body. ("Yue" means to pass through or observe. The Five Zang organs are located inside, and their Qi reaches the exterior; thus, they can be observed through the seven upper orifices as described below. The human body has nine orifices in total: seven are located above, namely the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose; two are located below, namely the anterior yin and posterior yin.) Therefore, Lung Qi connects with the nose; when Lung Qi is harmonious, the nose can distinguish odors. Heart Qi connects with the tongue; when Heart Qi is harmonious, the tongue can distinguish the five flavors. Liver Qi connects with the eyes; when Liver Qi is harmonious, the eyes can distinguish the five colors. Spleen Qi connects with the mouth; when Spleen Qi is harmonious, the mouth can taste the five grains. Kidney Qi connects with the ears; when Kidney Qi is harmonious, the ears can hear the five tones. (The Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun states: The Lung opens into the nose, the Heart opens into the tongue, the Liver opens into the eyes, the Spleen opens into the mouth, and the Kidney opens into the ears. Thus, their Qi has specific pathways and functions, but it is essential that the Qi of the Five Zang organs is harmonious for them to perform their respective duties. Otherwise, if a Zang organ is diseased, its corresponding orifice will show signs.) If the Five Zang organs are not harmonious, the seven orifices will be obstructed; if the Six Fu organs are not harmonious, stagnation will lead to abscesses. (The Five Zang belong to Yin and govern the interior; thus, disharmony leads to dysfunction of the seven orifices. The Six Fu belong to Yang and govern the exterior; thus, dysfunction causes pathogens to remain in the muscle interstices, forming sores and ulcers.) Therefore, when pathogens are in the Fu organs, the Yang pulses become discordant. Discordance in the Yang pulses leads to Qi stagnation. Qi stagnation results in an excess of Yang Qi. Excessive Yang Qi impedes Yin, leading to discordance in the Yin pulses. Discordance in the Yin pulses leads to blood stasis. Blood stasis results in an excess of Yin Qi. When Yin Qi is excessively strong, Yang Qi cannot nourish it; this is called Guan (obstruction). When Yang Qi is excessively strong, Yin Qi cannot nourish it; this is called Ge (rebellion). When both Yin and Yang are excessive and cannot mutually nourish each other, it is called Guan-Ge (obstruction and rebellion). Those suffering from Guan-Ge will die before reaching their natural lifespan. (Yin and Yang Qi should be in a state of peace and harmony. Pathogens occupy either the Yin or the Yang aspect. Thus, when pathogens are in the Fu organs, Qi stagnates causing Yang excess, which injures Yin. When Yin is injured, blood stagnates causing Yin excess, which injures Yang. Therefore, excessive Yin Qi prevents Yang Qi from nourishing, resulting in Guan. Excessive Yang Qi prevents Yin Qi from nourishing, resulting in Ge. When both Yin and Yang are excessive and cannot mutually nourish, Yin remains Yin and Yang remains Yang, failing to blend together, resulting in Guan-Ge. Hence, death occurs before the natural limit of life. In this classic, "Rong" and "Ying" are used interchangeably. "Cannot Rong" refers to the disorder of Yin and Yang preventing proper circulation and mutual rejection without communication. A full Renying pulse indicates Ge-Yang (Rebellious Yang), while a full Cun Kou pulse indicates Guan-Yin (Obstructed Yin). The detailed meaning is explained in Pulse and Color Classification, Chapter 22.)