（《素问·逆调论》《病能论》）
帝曰∶人有逆气不得卧而息有音者，有不得卧而息无音者，有起居如故而息有音者，有得卧行而喘者，有不得卧不
能行而喘者，有不得卧卧而喘者，皆何脏使然？愿闻其故。（《素问·逆调论》。）
岐伯曰∶不得卧而息有音者，是阳明之逆也。足三阳者下行，今逆而上行，故息有音也。（足之三阳，其气皆下行，
足之三阴，其气皆上行，亦天气下降、地气上升之义。故阳明上行者为逆，逆则气连于肺而息有声，此胃气之不降也。）
阳明者胃脉也，胃者六腑之海，其气亦下行，阳明逆，不得从其道，故不得卧也。（阳明为水谷之海，气逆不降，则奔迫
而上，所以不得卧。）《下经》曰∶胃不和则卧不安。此之谓也。（《下经》，古经也。不安，反复不宁之谓。今人有过于饱
食或病胀满者，卧必不安，此皆胃气不和之故。按∶上文所问不得卧而息无音者，义亦同此，故不复答。）
夫起居如故而息有音者，此肺之络脉逆也。络脉不得随经上下，故留经而不行，络脉之病患也微，故起居如故而息
有音也。（病不在胃，亦不在脏，故起居如故。气逆于肺之络脉者，病浅而微，故但为息有音耳。上文所问有得卧行而喘
者，义亦类此，故不复答。）
夫不得卧卧则喘者，是水气之客也。夫水者循津液而流也，肾者水脏，主津液，主卧与喘也。帝曰∶善。（水病者，
其本在肾，其末在肺，故为不得卧卧则喘者，标本俱病也。义详针刺类三十八。上文所问有不得卧不能行而喘者，义类
此节，故不复答。愚按∶本篇所论喘息不得卧者，有肺胃肾三脏之异∶在肺络者，起居如故而息有音也，病之微者也；
在胃者，不得卧而息有音也，甚于肺者也。在肾者，不得卧卧则喘也，又其甚者也。夫息有音者，即喘之渐，喘出于肾，
则病在根本矣，故愈深者必愈甚。凡虚劳之喘，义亦犹此，有不可不察也。）
帝曰∶人有卧而有所不安者何也？（《素问·病能论》）岐伯曰∶脏有所伤。（凡五脏受伤，皆能使卧不安，如七情劳
倦、饮食风寒之类皆是也。）及精有所之寄则安，故人不能悬其病也。（之寄，气复得所之谓。五脏主藏精者也，脏有所
伤则精有所失，精有所失则神有不安，故必使精复神安，则卧亦安矣。否则病之既及，又能何所悬置而可使无患哉？）
帝曰∶人之不得偃卧者何也？（偃，衣典切，仰卧也。）岐伯曰∶肺者脏之盖也，（五脏之应天者肺也，故为五脏六
腑之盖。）肺气盛则脉大，脉大则不得偃卧，（盛言邪气实也，故令脉大。邪盛于肺者，偃卧则气促而急，故不能也。）论
在《奇恒》《阴阳》中。（皆古经篇名。）
黄帝问道：有的人气机逆乱，不能平卧且呼吸有声；有的人不能平卧但呼吸无声；有的人起居如常但呼吸有声；有的人能平卧但行走时气喘；有的人不能平卧且无法行走而气喘；有的人不能平卧，一躺下就气喘。这些情况分别是由哪一脏腑的病变引起的？希望听听其中的道理。（出自《素问·逆调论》）
岐伯回答说：不能平卧且呼吸有声的，是阳明经气机逆乱所致。足部三阳经的气机本应下行，如今反而上行，所以呼吸会有声音。（足部的三条阳经，其气皆向下运行；足部的三条阴经，其气皆向上运行，这也符合天气下降、地气上升的道理。因此，阳明经之气若上行则为逆，气逆则连及肺脏而导致呼吸有声，这是胃气不降的表现。）
阳明经是胃的经脉，胃是六腑之海，其气也应当下行。如果阳明经气机逆乱，不能顺从其正常通道，就会导致不能平卧。（阳明经是水谷汇聚之海，若气逆不降，就会奔迫向上，所以导致不能平卧。）《下经》说：“胃不和则卧不安。”说的就是这种情况。（《下经》是古代医经。“不安”指反复翻身、心神不宁的样子。现在的人如果吃得过饱或患有胀满病，睡觉一定不安稳，这都是胃气不和的缘故。按：上文所问的“不能平卧但呼吸无声”的情况，道理与此相同，所以不再重复回答。）
至于起居如常但呼吸有声的，这是肺的络脉气机逆乱所致。络脉的气血不能随经脉上下正常运行，所以滞留于经脉中而不能顺畅流通。由于络脉病变轻微，所以起居如常只是呼吸有声。（病不在胃，也不在五脏，所以起居如常。气逆乱在肺的络脉，病情浅表轻微，所以仅仅表现为呼吸有声。上文所问的“能平卧但行走时气喘”的情况，道理也类似于此，所以不再重复回答。）
至于不能平卧，一躺下就气喘的，这是水气侵犯所致。水液是随着津液流动的，肾是水脏，主管津液代谢，所以这种病症与肾有关，涉及睡眠和气喘。（水病的根本在肾，标象在肺，所以出现不能平卧、躺下就气喘的症状，说明标本俱病。详细义理见针刺类第三十八篇。上文所问的“不能平卧且无法行走而气喘”的情况，道理与此节类似，所以不再重复回答。愚按：本篇所论述的喘息不能平卧，有肺、胃、肾三脏的区别：病在肺络的，起居如常仅呼吸有声，是病情最轻的；病在胃的，不能平卧且呼吸有声，比肺病重；病在肾的，不能平卧且躺下就气喘，是最严重的。呼吸有声，即是气喘的初期表现；气喘源于肾，则病在根本，所以病位越深，病情必然越重。凡是虚劳引起的气喘，道理也大致如此，不可不仔细辨别。）
黄帝问道：有的人睡觉时感到身体某处不适，是什么原因呢？（出自《素问·病能论》）
岐伯回答说：是因为内脏受到了损伤。（凡是五脏受伤，都会导致睡眠不安，例如七情刺激、劳累过度、饮食不当、感受风寒等情况都是如此。）等到精气有所归藏安定，人就能安睡，所以人不能将疾病悬置不管。（“之寄”指气机恢复其所归属的状态。五脏是贮藏精气的器官，内脏受伤则精气亏损，精气亏损则神志不安，所以必须使精气恢复、神志安宁，睡眠才能安稳。否则，既然疾病已经发生，又怎能将其搁置而不产生祸患呢？）
黄帝问道：有的人不能仰卧，是什么原因呢？（偃，音典，意为仰卧。）
岐伯回答说：肺是五脏的华盖（覆盖物）。（对应天象的五脏是肺，所以它是五脏六腑的覆盖者。）如果肺气盛实，脉象就会变大，脉象变大就不能仰卧。（“盛”指邪气实盛，所以导致脉大。邪气盛于肺，仰卧时气促急促，所以不能仰卧。）相关论述在《奇恒》和《阴阳》篇中。（这两篇都是古代医经的篇名。）
Huangdi asked: There are people whose qi rebels, preventing them from lying down, accompanied by noisy breathing; there are those who cannot lie down but breathe silently; there are those whose daily activities remain normal yet their breathing is noisy; there are those who can lie down but pant when walking; there are those who cannot lie down, cannot walk, and pant; and there are those who cannot lie down and pant as soon as they lie down. Which organ's pathology causes each of these conditions? I wish to hear the explanation. (From *Suwen: Ni Tiao Lun*.)
Qibo replied: Those who cannot lie down and have noisy breathing suffer from rebellion of Yangming Qi. The Qi of the three Yang meridians of the foot normally descends; now it rebels and ascends, hence the noisy breathing. (The Qi of the three Yang meridians of the foot all descends, while the Qi of the three Yin meridians of the foot all ascends, reflecting the principle that Heaven's Qi descends and Earth's Qi ascends. Therefore, if Yangming Qi ascends, it is rebellion. Rebellion connects the Qi to the Lung, causing noisy breathing, which indicates the failure of Stomach Qi to descend.)
The Yangming meridian is the meridian of the Stomach. The Stomach is the sea of the six Fu organs, and its Qi also should descend. If Yangming Qi rebels and cannot follow its proper pathway, one cannot lie down. (Yangming is the sea of water and grain. If Qi rebels and fails to descend, it rushes upward, thus preventing lying down.) The *Xia Jing* states: "When the Stomach is not harmonious, sleep is uneasy." This refers to such cases. (*Xia Jing* is an ancient classic. "Uneasy" refers to tossing and turning restlessly. Nowadays, people who overeat or suffer from distension often sleep uneasily, all due to disharmony of Stomach Qi. Note: The condition mentioned earlier of "cannot lie down but breathes silently" follows the same logic, so no further answer is given.)
As for those whose daily activities remain normal yet breathing is noisy, this is due to rebellion of the collateral vessels of the Lung. The Qi in the collateral vessels cannot move up and down with the main meridians, so it stagnates in the meridians and fails to circulate smoothly. Since the disease in the collateral vessels is minor, daily activities remain normal, manifesting only as noisy breathing. (The disease is neither in the Stomach nor in the Zang organs, so daily activities are normal. Qi rebelling in the collateral vessels of the Lung indicates a superficial and mild condition, manifesting merely as noisy breathing. The condition mentioned earlier of "can lie down but pants when walking" is similar in logic, so no further answer is given.)
As for those who cannot lie down and pant immediately upon lying down, this is caused by the invasion of Water Qi. Water flows along with body fluids. The Kidney is the Water organ, governing body fluid metabolism, and thus governs both sleep and panting. (In Water diseases, the root lies in the Kidney, and the branch manifests in the Lung. Hence, the inability to lie down and panting upon lying down indicate simultaneous involvement of both root and branch. For detailed principles, see Section 38 on Acupuncture. The condition mentioned earlier of "cannot lie down, cannot walk, and pants" is similar in logic to this section, so no further answer is given. Commentary: The discussion in this chapter regarding panting and inability to lie down distinguishes between the Lung, Stomach, and Kidney. When located in the Lung collaterals, daily activities are normal with only noisy breathing, representing the mildest form. When located in the Stomach, inability to lie down with noisy breathing is more severe than Lung involvement. When located in the Kidney, inability to lie down with immediate panting is the most severe. Noisy breathing is the precursor to panting; if panting originates from the Kidney, the disease is at the root. Thus, the deeper the disease, the more severe it becomes. The logic applies similarly to panting caused by deficiency consumptive disorders, which must be carefully observed.)
Huangdi asked: What causes discomfort in specific areas during sleep? (From *Suwen: Bing Neng Lun*)
Qibo replied: It is because the Zang organs have been injured. (Any injury to the five Zang organs can cause restless sleep, such as those resulting from emotional stress, overwork, improper diet, or exposure to wind and cold.) When the essence finds its proper residence, peace is restored, so one cannot simply ignore the disease. ("Zhi Ji" refers to the return of Qi to its proper state. The five Zang organs store essence. Injury to the Zang leads to loss of essence; loss of essence leads to unrest of the Shen (Spirit). Therefore, one must restore essence and calm the Shen to achieve peaceful sleep. Otherwise, once the disease has taken hold, how can it be disregarded without consequence?)
Huangdi asked: Why can some people not lie on their backs? (Yan means lying on one's back, pronounced "dian".)
Qibo replied: The Lung is the canopy of the Zang organs. (Among the five Zang organs corresponding to Heaven, the Lung is supreme, thus serving as the canopy for the five Zang and six Fu organs.) When Lung Qi is excessive, the pulse becomes large. A large pulse prevents lying on the back. ("Excessive" here refers to excess pathogenic factors, causing a large pulse. When pathogenic factors are abundant in the Lung, lying on the back causes rapid and labored breathing, making it impossible.) Relevant discussions can be found in the chapters *Qi Heng* and *Yin Yang*. (These are titles of ancient classic chapters.)