（《素问·脉解篇》全。本篇所解，大略皆出前章《经脉篇》之义，其中稍有不同者，盖互为发明也，当并求之）
太阳所谓肿腰 痛者，正月太阳寅，寅太阳也。（所谓者，引古经语也。 ，尻臀也。正月建寅，三阳月也。三阳者，
太阳也。故足太阳病为肿腰 痛者，应正月三阳之候。 音谁。）正月阳气出在上，而阴气盛，阳未得自次也，故肿腰
痛也。（正月之候，三阳虽出，而时令尚寒，阴气尚盛，阳气未有次第，以阴胜阳，故肿腰 痛，正以足太阳之脉，挟脊
抵腰贯臀也。）病偏虚为跛者，正月阳气冻解地气而出也，所谓偏虚者，冬寒颇有不足者，故偏虚为跛也。（正月东风解
冻，阳气尚微，足太阳病有或左或右偏虚为跛者，应三阳不足于下也。足太阳下行之脉，循髀 下出外踝之后，故有是
证。跛，补火切。）所谓强上引背者，阳气大上而争，故强上也。（太阳之脉下项挟背，若阳气大上而争，则与三阳之气
上升者同，故为强上引背也。）所谓耳鸣者，阳气万物盛上而跃，故耳鸣也。（太阳支者，从巅至耳上角，阳邪上盛，故
为耳鸣也。）所谓甚则狂巅疾者，阳尽在上而阴气从下，下虚上实，故狂巅疾也。（巅，癫同。按前章《经脉篇》足太阳
经条下作癫，盖古所通用也。所谓甚者，言阳邪盛也。阳邪实于阳经，则阳尽在上，阴气在下，上实下虚，故当为狂癫
之病。）所谓浮为聋者，皆在气也。（阳实于上，则气壅为聋，亦以其脉至耳也。）所谓入中为喑者，阳盛已衰，故为喑）
也。（声由气发，气者阳也，阳盛则声大，阳虚则声微。若阳盛已衰，故喑 不能言也。喑音音。）内夺而厥则为喑俳，
此肾虚也。（俳，废也。内夺者，夺其精也。精夺则气夺而厥，故声喑于上，体废于下。元阳大亏，病本在肾，肾脉上挟
舌本，下走足心，故为是病。俳音排，无所取义，误也；当作痱，正韵音沸。）少阴不至者，厥也。（此释上文内夺而厥
之义也。少阴者，肾脉也，与太阳为表里。若肾气内夺，则少阴不至。少阴不至者，以阴虚无气，无气则阳衰，致厥之
由也。以上腰尻痛耳聋狂巅厥逆等义，俱出前章太阳经病条下。）
少阳所谓心胁痛者，言少阳盛也，盛者心之所表也，（少阳之脉下胸中，循胁里，故心胁痛者，以少阳之邪盛也。然
少阳属木，木以生火，故邪之盛者，其本在胆，其表在心。表者，标也。）九月阳气尽而阴气盛，故心胁痛也。（胆有相
火，心有君火，火墓在戌，阳不胜阴，则心胁为痛，故应九月之气。）所谓不可反侧者，阴气藏物也，物藏则不动，故不
可反侧也。（阴邪凝滞，藏伏阳中，喜静恶动，故反侧则痛。上义出前章足少阳经病。）所谓甚则跃者，九月万物尽衰，
草木毕落而堕，则气去阳而之阴，气盛而阳之下长，故谓跃。（九月万物尽衰，草木毕落，是天地之气去阳而之阴也。人
身之气亦然，故盛于阴分则所长在下。其有病为跳跃者，以足少阳脉下出足之外侧，阴复于上阳鼓于下也，故应九月之
气。）
阳明所谓洒洒振寒者，阳明者午也，五月盛阳之阴也，阳盛而阴气加之，故洒洒振寒也。（五月阳气明盛，故曰阳明。
夏至一阴初生，加以阳极之候，故病洒洒振寒者，以阳明应五月之气也。）所谓胫肿而股不收者，是五月盛阳之阴也，阳
者衰于五月，而一阴气上，与阳始争，故胫肿而股不收也。（足阳明脉下髀关，抵伏兔，下膝胫足跗，入中趾内间。若阴
生于下，上与阳争，则为胫肿而股不收，亦应五月一阴之气。）所谓上喘而为水者，阴气下而复上，上则邪客于脏腑间，
故为水也。（阳明土病，则不能制水。故阴邪自下而上，客于脏腑之间，乃化为水。水之本在肾，末在肺，标本俱病，故
为上喘也。）所谓胸痛少气者，水气在脏腑也，水者阴气也，阴气在中，故胸痛少气也。（邪水之阴，非真阴也。阴邪在
中，故为胸痛。阴盛则阳衰，故为少气，少气则气短而喘矣。）所谓甚则厥，恶人与火，闻木音则惕然而惊者，阳气与阴
气相薄，水火相恶，故惕然而惊也。（薄，气相迫也。阴阳之气，正则相和，邪则相恶。阴邪薄于阳明，故惕然而惊也。）
所谓欲独闭户牖而处者，阴阳相薄也，阳尽而阴盛，故欲独闭户牖而居。（阴邪盛则阳明气衰，故欲静也。）所谓病至则
欲乘高而歌，弃衣而走者，阴阳复争而外并于阳，故使之弃衣而走也。（寒邪外并于阳，则身热多躁，故弃衣而走。以上
诸义，出前章足阳明经病。）所谓客孙脉则头痛鼻鼽腹肿者，阳明并于上，上者则其孙络太阴也，故头痛鼻鼽腹肿也。（寒
邪客于阳明，则在头为痛，在鼻为鼽，在腹为肿。以阴气上行而并于本经之孙络，故为是病。太阴者，言阴邪之盛，非
阴经之谓也。如上文所言者，皆指阴盛为邪，则此义可知。鼽音求。）
太阴所谓病胀者，太阴子也，十一月万物气皆藏于中，故曰病胀。（阴极于子，万物皆藏，故曰太阴子也。太阴之经
入腹，凡邪藏于中则病为胀，故应十一月之气。）所谓上走心为噫者，阴盛而上走于阳明，阳明络属心，故曰上走心为噫
也。（脾脉络胃，故阴邪盛则上走于阳明。阳明之正上通于心，故上走心为噫。按《九针论》《宣明五气篇》俱曰心为噫。
《口问篇》曰∶寒气客于胃，厥逆从下上散，复出于胃，故为噫。此篇则兼而言之，盖寒气犯于心脾胃三经，俱能为噫
也。）所谓食则呕者，物盛满而上溢，故呕也。（脾胃相表里，胃受水谷，脾不能运，则物盛满而溢，故为呕。）所谓得后
与气则快然如衰者，十一月阴气下衰而阳气且出，故曰得后与气则快然如衰也。（后谓大便，气谓转失气，阳气出则阴邪
散，故快然如衰，一阳下动，冬至候也，故应十一月之气。以上诸义出前章足太阴经病。）
少阴所谓腰痛者，少阴者肾也，十月万物阳气皆伤，故腰痛也。（腰者肾之府，寒邪入肾则为腰痛。纯阴在下，故应
十月之气。）所谓呕咳上气喘者，阴气在下，阳气在上，诸阳气浮，无所根据从，故呕咳上气喘也。（阳根于阴，阴根于阳，
互相倚也。若阴中无阳，沉而不升，则孤阳在上，浮而不降，无所根据从，故为呕咳上气喘也。按前章列本节义于手太阴
肺病条下，此则言于肾经，正以肺主气，肾主精，精虚则气不归元，即无所根据从之义。）所谓色色不能久立久坐，起则目
KTKT 无所见者，万物阴阳不定，未有主也，秋气始至，微霜始下，而方杀万物，阴阳内夺，故目KT KT 无所见
也。（色色，误也，当作邑邑，不安貌。秋气至，微霜下，万物俱衰，阴阳未定，故内无所主而坐起不常，目则KT KT
无所见。以阴肃阳衰。精气内夺，故应深秋十月之候。）所谓少气善怒者，阳气不治，阳气不治则阳气不得出，肝气当
治而未得，故善怒，善怒者名曰煎厥。（阳和不治，则肝气多逆，不能调达，故善怒而为煎厥，所谓多阴者多怒也。按∶
煎厥一证，在本篇言阳虚阴盛，在《生气通天论》言阴虚阳盛，可见煎厥有阴阳二证。详本类前五。）所谓恐如人将捕之
者，秋气万物未有毕去，阴气少，阳气入，阴阳相搏，故恐也。（阴气，言肾气也。阳气，言邪气也。阴气将藏未藏而阳
邪入之，阴阳相搏，则伤肾而为恐，故亦应秋气。）所谓恶闻食臭者，胃无气，故恶闻食臭也。（胃无气，胃气败也。胃
气所以败者，肾为胃关，肾中真火不足，不能温养化原，故胃气虚而恶闻食臭也。此即前章饥不欲食之义。臭，许救、
尺救二切。）所谓面黑如地色者，秋气内夺，故变于色也。（色以应日，阳气之华也。阴胜于阳则面黑色变，故应秋气。
此即前章面如漆柴之义。）所谓咳则有血者，阳脉伤也，阳气未盛于上而脉满，满则咳，故血见于鼻也。（阳脉伤者，上
焦之脉伤也。阳气未盛于上而脉满，则所满者皆寒邪也。盖肾脉上贯肝膈入肺中，故咳则血见于口，衄则血见于鼻也。
以上诸义出前章足少阴经病。）
厥阴所谓 疝、妇人少腹肿者，厥阴者辰也，三月阳中之阴，邪在中，故曰 疝少腹肿也。（辰，季春也。五阳一阴，
阴气将尽，故属厥阴。阴邪居于阳末，则为 疝少腹肿，故应三月之气。）所谓腰脊痛不可以 仰者，三月一振，荣华万
物，一 而不仰也。（三月一振，阳气振也，故荣华万物。然余寒尚在。若阴气或胜则阳屈， 而不仰，故病为腰脊痛，
亦应三月之气。 ，俯同，又音免。）所谓 癃疝肤胀者，曰阴亦盛而脉胀不通，故曰 癃疝也。（此复明癃疝肿胀之由，
在阴邪盛也。阴盛则阳气不行，故为此诸证。）所谓甚则嗌干热中者，阴阳相搏而热，故嗌干也。（所谓甚者，应三月之
阳盛也。阳邪盛则薄于阴分，故为嗌干热中等病。上义出前章足厥阴经病。）
（《素问·脉解篇》全文。本篇所解释的内容，大体都出自前一章《经脉篇》的含义，其中稍有不同之处，是因为它们互相阐发说明，应当结合起来探究。）
足太阳膀胱经所说的腰部及臀部肿胀疼痛，是因为正月对应太阳寅位，寅时属太阳。（所谓，是引用古经的语言。 ，指尻臀。正月建寅，是三阳之月。三阳，即太阳。所以足太阳经病出现腰部和臀部肿胀疼痛，是应合正月三阳的时令特征。 音同“谁”。）正月阳气出于上部，而阴气仍盛，阳气未能按次序自处，所以出现腰部和臀部肿胀疼痛。（正月的时令，虽然三阳之气已出，但时节尚寒，阴气仍然强盛，阳气没有次第，因阴胜阳衰，所以出现腰部和臀部肿胀疼痛，这正是由于足太阳经脉，夹脊抵腰贯穿臀部所致。）
病证表现为身体一侧虚弱导致跛行，是因为正月阳气解冻，地气外出。所谓偏虚，是指冬季寒气颇有不足，所以一侧虚弱导致跛行。（正月东风解冻，阳气尚微弱，足太阳经病有的左侧或右侧偏虚导致跛行，这是应合三阳之气在下部不足。足太阳下行经脉，循大腿下出外踝之后，所以有这种证候。跛，补火切。）
所谓头项强直牵引背部疼痛，是因为阳气大上争竞，所以头项强直。（太阳经脉下行至项部夹背，如果阳气大上争竞，则与三阳之气上升者相同，所以出现头项强直牵引背部疼痛。）
所谓耳鸣，是因为阳气如万物般盛大向上跃动，所以耳鸣。（太阳支脉，从头顶至耳上角，阳邪上盛，所以出现耳鸣。）
所谓病情严重发展为狂证或癫疾，是因为阳气全部壅滞于上部而阴气从下部随之，下部虚而上部实，所以发生狂证和癫疾。（巅，通癫。按前一章《经脉篇》足太阳经条下写作“癫”，大概是古代通用的写法。所谓“甚”，是说阳邪盛。阳邪实于阳经，则阳气全部壅滞于上部，阴气在下，上实下虚，所以应当发生狂癫之病。）
所谓脉浮导致耳聋，都是因为气机阻滞。（阳实于上，则气机壅滞导致耳聋，也是由于其经脉到达耳部。）
所谓邪气入里导致失音，是因为阳气盛极后衰退，所以导致失音。（声音由气发出，气属阳，阳盛则声音洪大，阳虚则声音微弱。如果阳气盛极后衰退，所以失音不能说话。喑音同“音”。）
内部精气被夺且发生厥逆则导致失音和瘫痪，这是肾虚。（俳，废也。内夺，是剥夺其精。精被剥夺则气被夺而发生厥逆，所以上部失音，下部肢体废用。元阳大亏，病本在肾，肾脉上行夹舌根，下行至足心，所以发生这种病。俳音排，无意义，是误字；当作“痱”，正韵读作沸。）
少阴经气不至，就是厥逆。（这是解释上文“内夺而厥”的含义。少阴，是肾脉，与太阳互为表里。如果肾气内部被剥夺，则少阴经气不至。少阴经气不至，是因为阴虚无气，无气则阳衰，导致厥逆的原因。以上关于腰尻痛、耳聋、狂癫、厥逆等含义，都出自前一章太阳经病条下。）
足少阳胆经所说的心胁部疼痛，是说少阳经气旺盛，旺盛是心的表象所在，（少阳经脉下行胸中，循胁肋里，所以心胁痛，是因为少阳邪气盛。然而少阳属木，木能生火，所以邪气盛的根源在胆，其表象在心。表，指标。）九月阳气尽而阴气盛，所以心胁部疼痛。（胆有相火，心有君火，火的墓库在戌，阳不胜阴，则心胁部为痛，所以应合九月的气运。）
所谓不能翻身侧卧，是因为阴气主收藏事物，事物被收藏则不动，所以不能翻身侧卧。（阴邪凝滞，藏伏于阳中，喜静恶动，所以翻身侧卧则痛。上述含义出自前一章足少阳经病。）
所谓病情严重时跳跃躁动，是因为九月万物完全衰败，草木凋落坠落，则气离开阳而归于阴，气盛而阳气向下生长，所以称为跃。（九月万物完全衰败，草木凋落，这是天地之气离开阳而归于阴。人身之气也是如此，所以在阴分盛则所长于下。如果有病表现为跳跃，是因为足少阳经脉下出足外侧，阴复于上，阳鼓于下，所以应合九月的气运。）
足阳明胃经所说洒洒然畏寒战栗，是因为阳明对应午位，五月是盛阳中的阴气，阳气盛而阴气加之，所以洒洒然畏寒战栗。（五月阳气明盛，所以叫阳明。夏至一阴初生，加上阳极的时令，所以病见洒洒然畏寒战栗，是因为阳明应合五月的气运。）
所谓小腿肿胀而大腿松弛不收，是因为五月是盛阳中的阴气，阳气在五月衰退，而一阴气上升，与阳气开始争竞，所以小腿肿胀而大腿松弛不收。（足阳明经脉下髀关，抵伏兔，下膝胫足跗，入中趾内间。如果阴生于下，上与阳争，则为小腿肿胀而大腿松弛不收，也应合五月一阴之气。）
所谓向上喘促并伴有水肿，是因为阴气下行后又上行，上行则邪气客居脏腑之间，所以产生水饮。（阳明土病，则不能制水。所以阴邪自下而上，客于脏腑之间，乃化为水。水之本在肾，末在肺，标本俱病，所以为上喘。）
所谓胸痛且气短，是因为水气在脏腑中，水是阴气，阴气在中，所以胸痛且气短。（邪水之阴，不是真阴。阴邪在中，所以胸痛。阴盛则阳衰，所以气短，气短则气短而喘。）
所谓病情严重时出现厥逆，厌恶人和火，听到木声则惊恐不安，是因为阳气与阴气相迫，水火相恶，所以惊恐不安。（薄，气相迫也。阴阳之气，正则相和，邪则相恶。阴邪迫于阳明，所以惊恐不安。）
所谓想要独自关闭门窗居住，是因为阴阳相迫，阳气尽而阴气盛，所以想要独自关闭门窗而居。（阴邪盛则阳明气衰，所以想安静。）
所谓病发时想要登上高处唱歌，脱掉衣服奔跑，是因为阴阳再次争竞且向外并于阳分，所以使他脱掉衣服奔跑。（寒邪外并于阳，则身热多躁，所以脱掉衣服奔跑。以上诸义，出自前一章足阳明经病。）
所谓邪气客于孙脉则头痛、鼻流清涕、腹部肿胀，是因为阳明经气并于上部，上部则其孙络连太阴，所以头痛、鼻流清涕、腹部肿胀。（寒邪客于阳明，则在头为痛，在鼻为鼽，在腹为肿。因为阴气上行而并于本经的孙络，所以发生这些病。太阴，是说阴邪之盛，并非指阴经。如上文所言，都是指阴盛为邪，那么这个含义也就知道了。鼽音求。）
足太阴脾经所说生病腹胀，是因为太阴对应子位，十一月万物之气都藏于中，所以叫病胀。（阴极于子，万物皆藏，所以叫太阴子。太阴经脉入腹，凡邪气藏于中则病为胀，所以应合十一月的气运。）
所谓气向上走于心部导致嗳气，是因为阴盛而上走于阳明，阳明络属心，所以说上走于心导致嗳气。（脾脉络胃，所以阴邪盛则上走于阳明。阳明的正经上通于心，所以上走于心导致嗳气。按《九针论》《宣明五气篇》都说心为噫。《口问篇》说：寒气客于胃，厥逆从下上散，复出于胃，所以为噫。此篇则兼而言之，大概是寒气犯于心脾胃三经，都能导致嗳气。）
所谓进食后呕吐，是因为食物盛满而上溢，所以呕吐。（脾胃相表里，胃受纳水谷，脾不能运化，则食物盛满而溢出，所以为呕。）
所谓大便通畅或排气后感觉轻松如同病减，是因为十一月阴气下衰而阳气将出，所以说得后与气则快然如衰。（后谓大便，气谓转失气，阳气出则阴邪散，所以感觉轻松如同病减，一阳下动，是冬至的时令，所以应合十一月的气运。以上诸义出自前一章足太阴经病。）
足少阴肾经所说腰痛，是因为少阴对应肾，十月万物阳气皆伤，所以腰痛。（腰是肾之府，寒邪入肾则为腰痛。纯阴在下，所以应合十月的气运。）
所谓呕吐、咳嗽、上气喘促，是因为阴气在下，阳气在上，诸阳气浮越，无所依凭随从，所以呕吐、咳嗽、上气喘促。（阳根于阴，阴根于阳，互相倚靠。如果阴中无阳，沉而不升，则孤阳在上，浮而不降，无所依凭随从，所以为呕吐、咳嗽、上气喘促。按前一章列本节义于手太阴肺病条下，此处则言于肾经，正是因为肺主气，肾主精，精虚则气不归元，即无所依凭随从的含义。）
所谓神情不安，不能久立久坐，起来则视物模糊看不清，是因为万物阴阳不定，未有主宰。秋气始至，微霜始下，正在肃杀万物，阴阳内部被剥夺，所以视物模糊看不清。（色色，是误字，当作“邑邑”，是不安的样子。秋气至，微霜下，万物俱衰，阴阳未定，所以内心无所主而坐起不常，眼睛则视物模糊看不清。因为阴肃阳衰，精气内部被剥夺，所以应合深秋十月之候。）
所谓气短且容易发怒，是因为阳气不能调和，阳气不能调和则阳气不得出，肝气当治而未得，所以容易发怒，容易发怒名叫煎厥。（阳和不治，则肝气多逆，不能调达，所以容易发怒而为煎厥，所谓多阴者多怒。按：煎厥一证，在本篇言阳虚阴盛，在《生气通天论》言阴虚阳盛，可见煎厥有阴阳二证。详见本类前五。）
所谓恐惧好像被人追捕一样，是因为秋气万物尚未完全离去，阴气少，阳气入，阴阳相搏，所以恐惧。（阴气，指肾气。阳气，指邪气。阴气将藏未藏而阳邪入之，阴阳相搏，则伤肾而为恐，所以也应合秋气。）
所谓厌恶闻食物的气味，是因为胃无气，所以厌恶闻食物的气味。（胃无气，是胃气败坏。胃气所以败坏，是因为肾为胃之关，肾中真火不足，不能温养化源，所以胃气虚而厌恶闻食物的气味。这就是前一章“饥不欲食”的含义。臭，许救、尺救二切。）
所谓面色黑像土地的颜色，是因为秋气内部被剥夺，所以颜色发生变化。（面色应合日光，是阳气的荣华。阴胜于阳则面色黑色变，所以应合秋气。这就是前一章“面如漆柴”的含义。）
所谓咳嗽带血，是因为阳脉受伤，阳气未盛于上而脉满，满则咳，所以血液见于鼻部。（阳脉伤者，是上焦之脉伤。阳气未盛于上而脉满，则所满者皆是寒邪。因为肾脉上贯肝膈入肺中，所以咳则血见于口，衄则血见于鼻。以上诸义出自前一章足少阴经病。）
足厥阴肝经所说疝气、妇人少腹肿胀，是因为厥阴对应辰位，三月是阳中之阴，邪气在中，所以叫疝气和少腹肿胀。（辰，是季春。五阳一阴，阴气将尽，所以属厥阴。阴邪居于阳末，则为疝气和少腹肿胀，所以应合三月的气运。）
所谓腰脊疼痛不能俯仰，是因为三月阳气振奋，荣华万物，一旦阴气胜则阳屈，不能仰。（三月阳气振奋，所以荣华万物。然而余寒尚在。如果阴气胜则阳屈，俯而不能仰，所以病为腰脊痛，也应合三月的气运。 同俯，又音免。）
所谓癃闭、疝气、皮肤肿胀，是因为阴气也盛而脉胀不通，所以叫癃疝。（这是再次阐明癃疝肿胀的原因，在于阴邪盛。阴盛则阳气不行，所以发生这些证候。）
所谓病情严重时咽喉干燥、心中烦热，是因为阴阳相搏而生热，所以咽喉干燥。（所谓“甚”，应合三月阳气盛。阳邪盛则迫于阴分，所以出现咽喉干燥、心中烦热等病。上述含义出自前一章足厥阴经病。）
(The full text of the *Maijie Pian* [Chapter on Pulse Explanation] from the *Suwen*. The explanations in this chapter are largely derived from the meaning of the preceding chapter, *Jingmai Pian* [Chapter on Meridians]. The slight differences among them serve to mutually elucidate each other, and thus they should be sought together.)
The swelling and pain in the lower back and buttocks mentioned by the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian corresponds to the month of Zhengyue (the first lunar month), where Taiyang is associated with Yin. (The term "so-called" refers to quoting ancient classics. , denotes the sacrum and buttocks. Zhengyue establishes Yin, which is a month of Three Yangs. Three Yangs refer to Taiyang. Therefore, when the Foot-Taiyang Bladder meridian presents with swelling and pain in the lower back and buttocks, it corresponds to the seasonal manifestation of Three Yangs in Zhengyue. Pronounced like "shui".) In Zhengyue, Yang qi emerges upwards, yet Yin qi remains abundant, and Yang qi has not yet settled in its proper order; hence, swelling and pain in the lower back and buttocks occur. (During the season of Zhengyue, although the Qi of Three Yangs has emerged, the climate is still cold, and Yin qi remains strong. Yang qi lacks sequence; due to Yin overcoming Yang, swelling and pain in the lower back and buttocks arise. This is precisely because the Foot-Taiyang meridian runs alongside the spine, reaches the waist, and passes through the buttocks.)
When the disease manifests as hemiparesis leading to limping, it is because in Zhengyue, Yang qi thaws and Earth qi emerges. The term "hemiparesis" implies that during winter, Cold was somewhat deficient; thus, one side becomes weak, resulting in limping. (In Zhengyue, the east wind thaws the ice, but Yang qi is still faint. Patients with Foot-Taiyang disease may experience weakness on either the left or right side, leading to limping, corresponding to the insufficiency of Three Yang qi below. The descending branch of the Foot-Taiyang meridian follows the thigh, exits behind the lateral malleolus, hence these symptoms. Limb impairment is pronounced "bu huo qie".)
Regarding stiff neck pulling on the back, it is because Yang qi surges upward and contends, causing stiffness in the neck. (The Taiyang meridian descends to the nape and flanks the back. If Yang qi surges upward and contends, it aligns with the ascending Qi of the Three Yangs, resulting in stiff neck and back traction.)
Regarding tinnitus, it is because Yang qi, like all things, rises vigorously upward, causing tinnitus. (A branch of the Taiyang meridian goes from the vertex to the upper corner of the ear. When pathogenic Yang qi is excessive above, tinnitus occurs.)
When the condition worsens into mania or epilepsy, it is because Yang qi is entirely congested above while Yin qi follows from below, creating deficiency below and excess above, thus leading to mania and epilepsy. ("Dian" is synonymous with "Dian". According to the previous chapter, *Jingmai Pian*, under the Foot-Taiyang meridian section, it is written as "Dian", likely a general usage in ancient times. "Severe" here means excessive pathogenic Yang. When pathogenic Yang fills the Yang meridians, Yang accumulates above and Yin resides below, resulting in excess above and deficiency below, thereby predisposing to mania and epilepsy.)
Deafness caused by a floating pulse is due to Qi obstruction. (When Yang is excessive above, Qi becomes congested, leading to deafness, also because the meridian reaches the ear.)
Pathogenic invasion leading to aphonia occurs because Yang qi, after being excessive, declines. (Voice originates from Qi, and Qi belongs to Yang. Excessive Yang produces loud voice; deficient Yang produces faint voice. If Yang qi declines after being excessive, aphonia and inability to speak result. "Yin" is pronounced "yin".)
Internal depletion leading to厥逆 (Jue-ni / reversal cold) causes aphonia and paralysis, which is Kidney deficiency. ("Pai" means废 (useless/paralyzed). Internal depletion refers to the loss of Essence. Loss of Essence leads to loss of Qi and Jue-ni, causing aphonia above and paralysis below. A great deficiency of Primordial Yang makes the Kidney the root of the disease. The Kidney meridian ascends alongside the tongue root and descends to the sole of the foot, hence this pathology. "Pai" is pronounced "pai" and has no specific meaning, considered an error; it should be "Fei", pronounced "fei" in standard rhyme.)
When Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) Qi does not reach, it results in Jue-ni. (This explains the meaning of "internal depletion leading to Jue-ni". Shaoyin is the Kidney meridian, exterior-interior related to Taiyang. If Kidney Qi is internally depleted, Shaoyin Qi fails to arrive. Shaoyin Qi failing to arrive is due to Yin deficiency lacking Qi; without Qi, Yang declines, causing Jue-ni. The aforementioned meanings regarding lower back/sacrum pain, deafness, mania/epilepsy, and Jue-ni all originate from the Foot-Taiyang meridian disease section in the previous chapter.)
Heart and hypochondriac pain mentioned by the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) meridian indicates Shaoyang abundance. Abundance is the manifest aspect of the Heart. (The Shaoyang meridian descends through the chest, follows the hypochondrium, so heart and hypochondriac pain arises from Shaoyang pathogenic abundance. However, Shaoyang belongs to Wood, and Wood generates Fire; thus, the root of abundant pathogen lies in the Gallbladder, while its manifest aspect is in the Heart. "Biao" [exterior/manifest] refers to the mark.) In the ninth lunar month, Yang Qi ends and Yin Qi becomes abundant, causing heart and hypochondriac pain. (The Gallbladder contains Ministerial Fire, and the Heart contains Sovereign Fire. The tomb of Fire is in Xu. When Yang cannot overcome Yin, pain occurs in the heart and hypochondrium, corresponding to the Qi of the ninth month.)
Inability to turn or lie on the side is because Yin Qi stores things; when stored, things do not move, hence inability to turn. (Yin pathogen stagnates and hides within Yang, preferring stillness over movement; turning causes pain. These meanings come from the Foot-Shaoyang meridian disease section in the previous chapter.)
Jumping restlessness when severe is because in the ninth month, all things wither, grasses and trees fall completely. Qi leaves Yang and enters Yin; Qi is abundant while Yang grows downward, hence termed "jumping". (In the ninth month, all things wither and plants fall, signifying Heaven and Earth's Qi leaving Yang for Yin. Human body Qi is the same; when abundant in the Yin division, its growth is downward. Pathological jumping occurs because the Foot-Shaoyang meridian exits the lateral side of the foot; Yin returns upward while Yang drums downward, corresponding to the Qi of the ninth month.)
Shivering chills described by the Yangming (Bright/Yang Min) meridian: Yangming corresponds to Wu (noon), the fifth lunar month, representing Yin within abundant Yang. Yang is abundant, and Yin Qi adds to it, causing shivering chills. (Yang Qi is bright and abundant in the fifth month, hence called Yangming. At Summer Solstice, one Yin begins to generate, adding to the extreme Yang phase. Shivering chills occur because Yangming corresponds to the Qi of the fifth month.)
Swollen shins and flaccid thighs correspond to Yin within abundant Yang in the fifth month. Yang declines in the fifth month, and one Yin Qi ascends, contending with Yang, causing swollen shins and flaccid thighs. (The Foot-Yangming meridian descends from Biguan, reaches Futu, down the knee and shin to the dorsum of the foot, entering between the medial toes. If Yin generates below and contends upward with Yang, it causes swollen shins and flaccid thighs, also corresponding to the One Yin Qi of the fifth month.)
Upward panting accompanied by edema occurs because Yin Qi descends then ascends again. Ascending, the pathogen lodges between the Zang-Fu organs, generating water retention. (Yangming Earth disease fails to control Water. Thus, Yin pathogen ascends from below, lodging between Zang-Fu, transforming into water. The root of water is in the Kidney, the tip in the Lung; both root and tip are diseased, causing upward panting.)
Chest pain and shortness of breath occur because water Qi resides in the Zang-Fu. Water is Yin Qi; Yin Qi in the middle causes chest pain and shortness of breath. (Pathogenic water Yin is not True Yin. Yin pathogen in the middle causes chest pain. Yin abundance leads to Yang decline, causing shortness of breath; shortness of breath implies panting.)
Severe cases involve Jue-ni, aversion to people and fire, and startle upon hearing wood sounds. This is because Yang and Yin Qi contend, and Water and Fire are antagonistic, causing startle. ("Bo" means Qi pressing against each other. Normal Yin and Yang Qi harmonize; pathogenic ones antagonize. Yin pathogen presses on Yangming, causing startle.)
Desire to close doors and windows alone arises from Yin-Yang contention. Yang ends and Yin becomes abundant, hence the desire to stay indoors alone. (Yin pathogen abundance leads to Yangming Qi decline, hence the desire for stillness.)
Climbing high, singing, stripping clothes, and running occur because Yin and Yang contend again, and pathogen merges outwardly into Yang, causing heat and restlessness, leading to stripping clothes and running. (Cold pathogen merging outwardly into Yang causes body heat and agitation, hence stripping clothes and running. These meanings come from the Foot-Yangming meridian disease section in the previous chapter.)
Pathogen lodging in Sun meridians causes headache, rhinorrhea, and abdominal swelling. Yangming merges upward; the upper part connects to the Taiyin via Sun collaterals, hence headache, rhinorrhea, and abdominal swelling. (Cold pathogen lodging in Yangming causes pain in the head, rhinorrhea in the nose, and swelling in the abdomen. Because Yin Qi ascends and merges with the Sun collaterals of the primary meridian, these diseases arise. "Taiyin" here refers to the abundance of Yin pathogen, not the Taiyin meridian. As stated above, all refer to Yin abundance as pathogen, so this meaning is clear. "Qiu" is pronounced "qiu".)
Abdominal distension described by the Taiyin (Great Yin) meridian: Taiyin corresponds to Zi (midnight), the eleventh lunar month, when all things' Qi is stored within, hence "disease of distension". (Yin is extreme at Zi, all things store, hence called Taiyin Zi. The Taiyin meridian enters the abdomen; any pathogen storing inside causes distension, corresponding to the Qi of the eleventh month.)
Qi moving upward to the Heart causing belching: Yin abundance moves upward to Yangming, and Yangming connects to the Heart, hence upward movement to the Heart causes belching. (Spleen meridian connects to the Stomach; thus, Yin pathogen abundance moves upward to Yangming. The regular pathway of Yangming connects upward to the Heart, hence belching. According to *Jiuzhen Lun* and *Xuanming Wuqi Pian*, the Heart causes belching. *Kouwen Pian* states: Cold pathogen lodges in the Stomach, rebellious Qi ascends from below, scatters, and re-emerges from the Stomach, causing belching. This chapter combines them, suggesting Cold pathogen affecting Heart, Spleen, and Stomach meridians can all cause belching.)
Vomiting after eating occurs because food becomes overly full and overflows upward. (Spleen and Stomach are exterior-interior. Stomach receives food and drink; if Spleen fails to transport, food becomes full and overflows, causing vomiting.)
Feeling relieved after defecation or passing gas: In the eleventh month, Yin Qi declines downward and Yang Qi is about to emerge, hence relief after defecation or passing gas. ("Hou" refers to stool, "Qi" refers to flatulence. When Yang Qi emerges, Yin pathogen disperses, bringing relief. One Yang moves downward, corresponding to the Winter Solstice, hence matching the Qi of the eleventh month. These meanings come from the Foot-Taiyin meridian disease section in the previous chapter.)
Lower back pain described by the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) meridian: Shaoyin corresponds to the Kidney. In the tenth lunar month, all things' Yang Qi is injured, hence lower back pain. (The waist is the mansion of the Kidney; Cold pathogen entering the Kidney causes lower back pain. Pure Yin is below, corresponding to the Qi of the tenth month.)
Vomiting, coughing, and upward panting occur because Yin Qi is below and Yang Qi is above. All Yang Qi floats without foundation or guidance, causing vomiting, coughing, and upward panting. (Yang roots in Yin, Yin roots in Yang, relying on each other. If there is no Yang within Yin, sinking without rising, solitary Yang floats above without descending, lacking foundation, causing vomiting, coughing, and upward panting. Note: The previous chapter lists this meaning under Hand-Taiyin Lung disease, whereas this chapter discusses it under the Kidney meridian. This is because the Lung governs Qi and the Kidney governs Essence; Essence deficiency leads to Qi failing to return to its source, i.e., lacking foundation.)
Restlessness, inability to stand or sit for long, dizziness upon standing, and blurred vision: All things' Yin and Yang are unsettled, lacking a master. Autumn Qi arrives, light frost falls, and all things are killed. Internal Yin-Yang depletion causes blurred vision. ("Sese" is an error, should be "Yiyi", meaning uneasy. Autumn Qi arrives, frost falls, all things wither, Yin-Yang is unsettled, internal lack of mastery leads to irregular sitting/standing, and eyes see nothing clearly. Due to Yin肃 (solemn/cold) and Yang decline, Essence and Qi are internally depleted, corresponding to the deep autumn tenth month.)
Shortness of breath and irritability: Yang Qi fails to regulate. When Yang Qi fails to regulate, it cannot emerge. Liver Qi should regulate but fails, causing irritability, named Jianjue (Frying Reversal). (Harmonious Yang fails to regulate, causing Liver Qi rebellion and failure to flow freely, leading to irritability and Jianjue. "More Yin means more anger." Note: Jianjue in this chapter refers to Yang deficiency and Yin abundance, while in *Shengqi Tongtian Lun* it refers to Yin deficiency and Yang abundance, indicating Jianjue has both Yin and Yang types. See detailed analysis in Part Five of this classification.)
Fear as if being chased: Autumn Qi has not fully departed, Yin Qi is scant, Yang Qi enters. Yin and Yang contend, causing fear. ("Yin Qi" refers to Kidney Qi. "Yang Qi" refers to pathogenic Qi. As Kidney Qi prepares to store but pathogenic Yang enters, Yin-Yang contention injures the Kidney, causing fear, corresponding to Autumn Qi.)
Aversion to the smell of food: Stomach lacks Qi, hence aversion to food smells. (Stomach lacks Qi means Stomach Qi is ruined. Why? The Kidney is the gate of the Stomach. Insufficient True Fire in the Kidney fails to warm and transform the origin, leading to Stomach Qi deficiency and aversion to food smells. This is the meaning of "hungry but no desire to eat" in the previous chapter. "Chou" is pronounced "xu jiu" or "chi jiu".)
Face black like earth: Autumn Qi causes internal depletion, changing the complexion. (Complexion reflects the Sun, the brilliance of Yang. Yin overcoming Yang causes black facial discoloration, corresponding to Autumn Qi. This is the meaning of "face like lacquered charcoal" in the previous chapter.)
Coughing blood: Yang meridians are injured. Yang Qi is not yet abundant above, but pulses are full. Fullness causes cough, hence blood appears in the nose. (Injury to Yang meridians refers to injury of Upper Jiao meridians. If Yang Qi is not abundant above but pulses are full, the fullness is due to Cold pathogen. The Kidney meridian passes through the liver and diaphragm into the Lung; thus, coughing brings blood from the mouth, and epistaxis brings blood from the nose. These meanings come from the Foot-Shaoyin meridian disease section in the previous chapter.)
Hernia and lower abdominal swelling in women described by the Jueyin (Terminal Yin) meridian: Jueyin corresponds to Chen (dragon), the third lunar month, Yin within Yang. Pathogen in the middle causes hernia and lower abdominal swelling. (Chen is late Spring. Five Yangs and one Yin; Yin Qi is nearly exhausted, hence belonging to Jueyin. Yin pathogen residing at the end of Yang causes hernia and lower abdominal swelling, corresponding to the Qi of the third month.)
Lower back and spine pain preventing bending or stretching: In the third month, Yang vibrates, flourishing all things. Once Yin wins, Yang bends, unable to stretch. (Third month Yang vibrates, flourishing all things. Residual Cold remains. If Yin wins, Yang bends, unable to stretch, causing lower back and spine pain, corresponding to the Qi of the third month. is synonymous with bend, pronounced "mian".)
Lung-qi stagnation, hernia, and skin swelling: Yin Qi is also abundant, causing vessel distension and blockage, hence lung-qi stagnation and hernia. (This clarifies the cause of lung-qi stagnation and swelling lies in Yin pathogen abundance. Yin abundance prevents Yang Qi circulation, causing these syndromes.)
Severe dry throat and internal heat: Yin and Yang contend generating heat, hence dry throat. ("Severe" corresponds to abundant Yang in the third month. Abundant Yang pathogen presses on the Yin division, causing dry throat and internal heat. These meanings come from the Foot-Jueyin meridian disease section in the previous chapter.)