（《素问·藏气法时论》）
肝病者，两胁下痛引少腹，令人善怒；（此肝之实邪也。肝脉布胁肋抵小腹，邪实则两胁下痛，引于少腹。肝志怒，
故气强则善怒。）虚则目KT KT 无所见，耳无所闻，善恐如人将捕之。（目为肝之窍，肝脉上入颃颡，连目系，肝与
胆为表里，胆脉从耳后入耳中，故气虚则目无所见，耳无所闻也。肝虚则胆虚，故气怯而善恐。KT 音荒。）取其经厥阴
与少阳；（取其经者，非络病也。取厥阴以治肝，取少阳以治胆。此承上文虚实二节而言，虚者当补，实者当泻也。下仿
此。）气逆则头痛耳聋不聪颊肿，取血者，（气逆于上则上实，故头痛耳聋颊肿。盖肝脉与督脉会于巅，下颊里；胆脉入
耳中，下加颊车也。治此者，当取其经血盛之处，随其左右，有则刺而泻之。）
心病者，胸中痛，胁支满，胁下痛，膺背肩甲间痛，两臂内痛；（此心经之实邪也。手少阴心脉，从心系却上肺，下
出腋下；手厥阴心包络之脉，其支者循胸出胁，上抵腋下，循 内入肘中，下臂行两筋之间；又心与小肠为表里，小肠
脉绕肩胛，交肩上。故为此诸证。）虚则胸腹大，胁下与腰相引而痛，（胸腹腰胁之间，皆手少阴厥阴之脉所及，心虚则
阳虚而逆气不行，故为胸腹大。心主血脉，血虚则不能荣养筋脉，故腰胁相引而痛。）取其经少阴、太阳、舌下血者；（手
少阴太阳，心与小肠脉也，当随其虚实而取之。心主舌，故取舌下血以泻其实。）其变病，刺 中血者，（变病，谓病属
少阴而证有异于前说者。 中，阴 穴也，为手少阴之 ，血去则邪随而泻矣。 ，隙同。）
脾病者，身重，善肌肉痿，足不收，行善螈，脚下痛；（此脾经之实邪也。脾属土，主肌肉，土邪湿胜，故令人身重
肌肉痿。肉痿者，痹弱不仁也。脾主四肢，故足不收、行善螈。螈者，手足掉掣也。脾脉起于足大趾，过核骨以上内踝，
故为脚下痛。痿，威、蕤二音。螈，翅、系、寄三音。）虚则腹满肠鸣，飧泄食不化。（足太阴之脉属脾络胃，脾虚则失
其健运之用而中气不治，故为此诸病。飧音孙。）取其经太阴、阳明，少阴血者。（脾与胃为表里，故当取足太阴、阳明
之经。少阴，肾脉也。脾主湿，肾主水，水能助湿伤脾，故当取少阴之血以泄其寒实。如《厥病篇》治脾心痛者，亦取
肾经之然谷、太溪，义犹此也。详针刺类六十四。）
肺病者，喘咳逆气，肩背痛，汗出，（此肺经之实邪也。肺藏气，主喘息，在变动为咳，故病则喘咳逆气。背为胸中
之府，肩接近之，故肩背为痛。肺主皮毛，病则疏泄，故汗出。）尻阴股膝髀 足皆痛；（此病皆足少阴经也。少阴之
脉起于足下，循内踝入跟中，以上 内，出 内廉，上股内后廉，贯脊属肾络膀胱。今肺病连肾，以气陷下部而母病及
子也，故下文兼取足少阴以治之。尻，开高切。髀，并米切，又音比。 音篆。 音杭，又形敬切。）虚则少气不能报息，
耳聋嗌干。（报，复也。不能报息，谓呼吸气短，难于接续也。手太阴之络会于耳中，故气虚则聋，其脉循喉咙，故为嗌
干也。嗌音益。）取其经太阴，足太阳之外、厥阴内血者。（太阴，肺之本经也，故当因其虚实取而刺之。更取足太阳之
外，外言前也。足厥阴之内，内言后也。正谓内踝后直上 之内侧者，乃足少阴脉次也。视左右足脉，凡少阴部分，有
血满异于常处者，取而去之，以泻其实。）
肾病者，腹大胫肿喘咳，身重，寝汗出憎风；（此肾经之实邪也。足少阴之脉上 内，夹脐上行入肺中。阴邪上侵，
故腹大胫肿而喘咳也。肾主骨，骨病故身重。肾主五液，在心为汗，而肾邪侮之，心气内微，改为寝汗出。如《脉要精
微论》曰∶阴气有余为多汗身寒。即此之谓。凡汗多者表必虚，表虚者阳必衰，故恶风也。憎音曾。）虚则胸中痛，大腹
小腹痛，清厥意不乐。（足少阴脉从肺出络心注胸中，肾虚则心肾不交，故胸中痛。大腹小腹痛者，正以肾脉自下而上，
至俞府而止也。肾藏精，精化气，精虚则气虚，故为清冷厥逆。肾之神为志，惟志不足，故意有不乐也。）取其经少阴、
太阳血者。（足少阴、太阳为表里也。凡刺之道，自当虚补实泻，然经络有血，犹当先去血脉，而后平其有余不足焉。《三
部九候论》曰∶必先度其形之肥瘦，以调其气之虚实，实则泻之，虚则补之，必先去其血脉而后调之。此之谓也。）
（出自《素问·藏气法时论》）
肝脏发生病变时，两侧胁肋下疼痛并牵引至小腹，使人容易发怒；（这是肝的实邪所致。肝经脉络布散于胁肋，抵达小腹，邪气盛实则导致两胁下疼痛，并牵引至少腹。肝的情志为怒，所以肝气强盛则容易发怒。）若肝虚，则眼睛视物模糊不清，耳朵听不见声音，容易恐惧，好像有人要抓捕自己一样。（眼睛是肝的窍道，肝经脉络上行进入鼻咽部，连接目系，肝与胆互为表里，胆经脉络从耳后进入耳中，所以肝气虚弱则眼睛看不见，耳朵听不见。肝虚则胆也虚，所以胆气怯弱而容易恐惧。“KT”音同“荒”。）治疗时应选取足厥阴肝经和足少阳胆经的穴位；（选取这两条经脉的穴位，是因为病不在络脉。选取厥阴经以治疗肝病，选取少阳经以治疗胆病。这是承接上文虚实两个章节而言，虚证应当补益，实证应当泻除。下文仿照此例。）如果肝气上逆，则出现头痛、耳聋、听力不灵敏、面颊肿胀，应当刺破出血；（气机上逆于上部则上部实盛，所以出现头痛、耳聋、面颊肿胀。大概因为肝经脉络与督脉会合于头顶，下行经过脸颊内部；胆经脉络进入耳中，下行经过颊车穴。治疗这种情况，应当选取经脉气血旺盛之处，根据左右情况，如果有瘀血阻滞就针刺以泻除邪气。）
心脏发生病变时，胸中疼痛，胁肋支撑胀满，胁下疼痛，胸前、背部及肩胛间疼痛，双臂内侧疼痛；（这是心经的实邪所致。手少阴心经脉络，从心系向上返回肺，向下出于腋下；手厥阴心包络经脉络，其分支循行于胸部出于胁肋，向上抵达腋下，沿手臂内侧进入肘中，下行于前臂两筋之间；另外心与小肠互为表里，小肠经脉络环绕肩胛，交会于肩上。所以出现这些病症。）若心虚，则胸腹部胀大，胁下与腰部相互牵引而疼痛，（胸、腹、腰、胁之间，都是手少阴、手厥阴经脉所到达的地方，心虚则阳气虚弱而逆气不行，所以导致胸腹部胀大。心主血脉，血虚则不能濡养筋脉，所以腰胁相互牵引而疼痛。）治疗时应选取手少阴心经、手太阳小肠经以及舌下的血管出血；（手少阴、手太阳分别是心和小肠的经脉，应当根据虚实情况选取。心开窍于舌，所以取舌下出血以泻除其实邪。）如果是变病，应刺委中穴出血；（变病，是指病属少阴但证候不同于前述情况的。委中穴，是足太阳膀胱经的合穴，为手少阴心的郄穴，放出血液则邪气随之而泻。郄，通“隙”。）
脾脏发生病变时，身体沉重，容易肌肉痿软无力，双脚不能收持，行走时容易发生抽搐，脚底疼痛；（这是脾经的实邪所致。脾属土，主司肌肉，土邪湿气偏胜，所以使人身体沉重、肌肉痿软。肌肉痿软，是指痹阻软弱、感觉迟钝。脾主四肢，所以双脚不能收持、行走时容易抽搐。抽搐，是指手足抖动掣动。脾经脉络起于足大趾，经过核骨以上内踝，所以导致脚底疼痛。“痿”音同“威”、“蕤”。“螈”音同“翅”、“系”、“寄”。）若脾虚，则腹部胀满、肠鸣，完谷不化的泄泻，食物不消化。（足太阴脾经脉络属脾络胃，脾虚则失去其健运的功能而导致中焦之气失调，所以出现这些病症。“飧”音同“孙”。）治疗时应选取足太阴脾经、足阳明胃经，以及足少阴肾经的出血点。（脾与胃互为表里，所以应当选取足太阴、足阳明经。少阴，是肾的经脉。脾主湿，肾主水，水能助湿伤脾，所以应当取少阴经的血以泄除寒实之邪。如《厥病篇》治疗脾心痛者，也是取肾经的然谷、太溪穴，道理与此相同。详见针刺类六十四。）
肺脏发生病变时，气喘咳嗽、气逆，肩背疼痛，出汗，（这是肺经的实邪所致。肺藏气，主司呼吸，在变动时为咳，所以生病则气喘咳嗽、气逆。背部是胸中之府，肩部接近胸部，所以肩背疼痛。肺主皮毛，生病则腠理疏松外泄，所以出汗。）臀部、阴部、大腿、膝盖、大腿骨及小腿足部都疼痛；（这些病症都属于足少阴肾经。少阴经脉络起于足下，沿内踝进入脚跟中，向上沿小腿肚内侧，出内踝后方，上行大腿内侧后缘，贯穿脊柱属肾络膀胱。现在肺病连及肾脏，是因为气陷于下部，母病及子，所以下文兼取足少阴经以治疗它。“尻”音同“开高切”。“髀”音同“并米切”，又音“比”。“腨”音同“篆”。“腨”音同“杭”，又音“形敬切”。）若肺虚，则气短不足以接续呼吸，耳聋、咽喉干燥。（“报”，意为重复、接续。不能报息，是指呼吸气短，难以接续。手太阴肺经的络脉会合于耳中，所以气虚则耳聋，其经脉循行喉咙，所以导致咽喉干燥。“嗌”音同“益”。）治疗时应选取手太阴肺经，以及足太阳膀胱经外侧、足厥阴肝经内侧的出血点。（太阴，是肺的本经，所以应当根据其虚实情况选取并针刺。再取足太阳的外侧，外指前方。足厥阴的内侧，内指后方。正是指内踝后直上小腿肚内侧的部位，那是足少阴脉的位置。观察左右足的脉象，凡是少阴部分，有血液充盈异于常处的地方，取出来放血，以泻除其实邪。）
肾脏发生病变时，腹部胀大、小腿浮肿、气喘咳嗽，身体沉重，睡中出汗、怕风；（这是肾经的实邪所致。足少阴肾经脉络上行沿小腿肚内侧，夹脐上行进入肺中。阴邪向上侵扰，所以腹部胀大、小腿浮肿且气喘咳嗽。肾主骨，骨骼有病所以身体沉重。肾主五液，在心为汗，而肾邪欺侮心火，导致心气内里微弱，改为睡中出汗。如《脉要精微论》说：阴气有余则多汗身寒。就是说的这个意思。凡是出汗多的，体表必然虚弱，体表虚弱则阳气必然衰微，所以怕风。“憎”音同“曾”。）若肾虚，则胸中疼痛，大腹和小腹疼痛，四肢清冷厥逆，心情不愉快。（足少阴肾经脉络从肺出来络心注入胸中，肾虚则心肾不交，所以胸中疼痛。大腹和小腹疼痛，正是因为肾经脉络自下而上，至俞府穴为止。肾藏精，精化气，精虚则气虚，所以导致清冷厥逆。肾的神志为志，只有志气不足，所以内心不快乐。）治疗时应选取足少阴肾经、足太阳膀胱经的出血点。（足少阴、足太阳互为表里。凡针刺之道，自然应当虚证补益、实证泻除，然而经络中有瘀血，还应当先去血脉，然后平调其有余和不足。《三部九候论》说：必须先度量病人的形体肥瘦，以调节气的虚实，实证泻除，虚证补益，必须先去其血脉然后调理。说的就是这个意思。）
(From *Suwen: Treatise on the Laws of the Viscera*)
When the Liver is diseased, there is pain in the hypochondriac regions radiating to the lower abdomen, causing irritability; (This is due to Excess pathogenic factors in the Liver. The Liver meridian distributes over the hypochondrium and reaches the lower abdomen; when pathogens are excess, pain occurs in the hypochondrium radiating to the Shaoyang region. The emotion of the Liver is Anger; thus, when Liver Qi is strong, one becomes easily angered.) If Deficient, vision becomes blurred (*Kuang Kuang*), hearing is impaired, and there is excessive fear, as if being pursued by someone. (The eyes are the orifices of the Liver. The Liver meridian ascends to the pharynx, connecting to the eye system. The Liver and Gallbladder are exterior-interior pairs; the Gallbladder meridian enters the ear from behind. Thus, when Qi is deficient, vision and hearing are lost. Liver deficiency leads to Gallbladder deficiency, resulting in timidity and fear. *Kuang* sounds like "Huang".) Treatment should involve selecting points from the Foot Jueyin (Liver) and Foot Shaoyang (Gallbladder) meridians; (Selecting these meridians indicates the pathology is not in the collaterals. Selecting Jueyin treats the Liver, and Shaoyang treats the Gallbladder. This follows the discussion on Excess and Deficiency above: Deficiency requires tonification, Excess requires sedation. The following examples follow this pattern.) If Qi rebels upward, headache, deafness, poor hearing, and facial swelling occur; bloodletting should be performed. (Qi rebelling upward causes upper excess, leading to headache, deafness, and facial swelling. The Liver meridian meets the Du vessel at the vertex and descends to the interior of the cheek; the Gallbladder meridian enters the ear and descends to the Jiache point. To treat this, select areas where the meridian blood is abundant; according to the left or right, if there is stasis, puncture to sedate.)
When the Heart is diseased, there is pain in the chest, distension and fullness in the hypochondrium, pain below the ribs, pain between the sternum, back, and scapula, and pain in the inner aspect of both arms; (This is Excess pathogenic factors in the Heart meridian. The Hand Shaoyin Heart meridian originates from the heart system, goes up to the lungs, and emerges from the axilla; the Hand Jueyin Pericardium meridian has a branch that runs through the chest and out to the hypochondrium, reaching the axilla, then along the medial arm into the elbow, and down the forearm between two tendons. Additionally, the Heart and Small Intestine are exterior-interior pairs; the Small Intestine meridian surrounds the scapula and crosses the shoulders. Hence these symptoms.) If Deficient, the chest and abdomen become distended, and there is pulling pain between the hypochondrium and the waist. (The chest, abdomen, waist, and hypochondrium are all areas reached by the Hand Shaoyin and Hand Jueyin meridians. Heart deficiency leads to Yang deficiency and stagnation of rebellious Qi, causing chest and abdominal distension. The Heart governs blood vessels; blood deficiency fails to nourish the sinews and vessels, causing pulling pain between the waist and hypochondrium.) Treatment should involve selecting points from the Hand Shaoyin and Hand Taiyang meridians, and bleeding under the tongue; (Hand Shaoyin and Hand Taiyang correspond to the Heart and Small Intestine meridians; select according to Excess or Deficiency. The Heart opens into the tongue, so bleeding under the tongue sedates Excess.) For variant diseases, prick the Weizhong (BL40) area for bloodletting; (Variant disease refers to conditions belonging to Shaoyin but presenting differently than described above. Weizhong is the He-Sea point of the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian and the Xi-Cleft point of the Hand Shaoyin Heart meridian; releasing blood allows pathogens to be expelled. *Xi* is synonymous with "gap".)
When the Spleen is diseased, the body feels heavy, muscles become flaccid and weak, the feet cannot support weight, walking may involve spasms, and there is pain in the soles of the feet; (This is Excess pathogenic factors in the Spleen meridian. The Spleen belongs to Earth and governs muscles. When Earth pathogens dominate with dampness, the body feels heavy and muscles become flaccid. Flaccidity implies bi-syndrome weakness and numbness. The Spleen governs the four limbs, hence foot weakness and spasms. Spasms refer to twitching of hands and feet. The Spleen meridian originates at the big toe, passes above the malleolus, causing sole pain. *Wei* sounds like "Wei" or "Rui". *Yuan* sounds like "Chi", "Xi", or "Ji".) If Deficient, there is abdominal fullness, borborygmus, undigested stool diarrhea, and food stagnation. (The Foot Taiyin Spleen meridian connects to the Spleen and links to the Stomach. Spleen deficiency loses its transportive function, disrupting Middle Qi, causing these ailments. *Sun* sounds like "Sun".) Treatment should involve selecting points from the Foot Taiyin and Foot Yangming meridians, and bleeding from the Foot Shaoyin meridian. (The Spleen and Stomach are exterior-interior pairs, so select Foot Taiyin and Yangming. Shaoyin is the Kidney meridian. The Spleen governs Dampness, the Kidney governs Water; Water can assist Dampness to injure the Spleen, so bleeding from Shaoyin drains Cold-Excess. As in the *Juebing* chapter treating Spleen Heart-pain, Ren Gu (KI2) and Taixi (KI3) of the Kidney meridian are selected, following similar logic. See Acupuncture Category 64 for details.)
When the Lungs are diseased, there is wheezing, coughing, rebellious Qi, shoulder and back pain, and sweating; (This is Excess pathogenic factors in the Lung meridian. The Lungs store Qi and govern respiration; their movement manifests as coughing. Disease causes wheezing, coughing, and rebellious Qi. The back is the mansion of the chest, and the shoulder is close to it, hence shoulder-back pain. The Lungs govern skin and hair; disease causes porous pores and leakage, hence sweating.) Pain extends to the sacrum, yin region, thighs, knees, thighs, calves, and feet; (These symptoms belong to the Foot Shaoyin meridian. The Shaoyin meridian originates from the sole, follows the medial malleolus into the heel, ascends along the medial calf, exits the posterior medial malleolus, ascends the posterior medial thigh, penetrates the spine, connects to the Kidneys, and links to the Bladder. Now Lung disease involves the Kidneys because Qi sinks to the lower part, and the Mother disease affects the Child; hence the text also selects Foot Shaoyin to treat it. *Kao* pronunciation is "Kai Gao Qie". *Bi* pronunciation is "Bing Mi Qie", also "Bi". *Shuan* pronunciation is "Zhuan". *Shuan* pronunciation is "Hang", also "Xing Jing Qie".) If Deficient, there is shortness of breath, inability to complete inhalations, deafness, and dry throat. ("Bao" means repeat/complete. Inability to complete inhalations means short breathing difficult to sustain. The Luo vessel of the Hand Taiyin Lung meridian converges in the ear, so Qi deficiency causes deafness; its meridian circulates the throat, causing dry throat. *Yi* sounds like "Yi".) Treatment should involve selecting the Hand Taiyin Lung meridian, and bleeding from the lateral aspect of the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian and the medial aspect of the Foot Jueyin Liver meridian. (Taiyin is the primary meridian of the Lungs, so puncture according to Excess or Deficiency. Also select the lateral aspect of Foot Taiyang, where "lateral" refers to anterior. Medial aspect of Foot Jueyin, where "medial" refers to posterior. Specifically, the medial side of the calf directly above the posterior medial malleolus, which is the location of the Foot Shaoyin meridian. Observe the pulses of both feet; wherever the Shaoyin portion shows blood fullness differing from normal, remove it by bleeding to sedate Excess.)
When the Kidneys are diseased, there is abdominal distension, leg edema, wheezing and coughing, body heaviness, night sweats, and aversion to wind; (This is Excess pathogenic factors in the Kidney meridian. The Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian ascends along the medial calf, runs alongside the umbilicus, and enters the Lungs. Yin pathogens invade upward, causing abdominal distension, leg edema, and wheezing/coughing. The Kidneys govern bones; bone disease causes body heaviness. The Kidneys govern the five fluids; in the Heart, it is sweat. Kidney pathogens harass the Heart, weakening Heart Qi internally, leading to night sweats. As stated in *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun*: Excess Yin leads to profuse sweating and cold body. This is what is meant. Profuse sweating implies exterior deficiency; exterior deficiency implies Yang decline, hence aversion to wind. *Zeng* sounds like "Zeng".) If Deficient, there is pain in the chest, pain in the greater and lesser abdomen, cold extremities with reversal, and lack of joy. (The Foot Shaoyin meridian emerges from the Lungs, links to the Heart, and pours into the chest. Kidney deficiency leads to non-interaction between Heart and Kidney, causing chest pain. Pain in the greater and lesser abdomen corresponds to the Kidney meridian ascending from below to Yu Fu (CV14). The Kidneys store Essence; Essence transforms into Qi. Essence deficiency leads to Qi deficiency, causing coldness and reversal. The Spirit of the Kidney is Will (Zhi); only when Will is insufficient does one feel unhappy.) Treatment should involve selecting bleeding points from the Foot Shaoyin Kidney and Foot Taiyang Bladder meridians. (Foot Shaoyin and Foot Taiyang are exterior-interior pairs. Generally, acupuncture follows tonifying Deficiency and sedating Excess. However, if there is blood stasis in the meridians, one must first remove the blood vessels, then balance the excess and deficiency. *San Bu Jiu Hou Lun* states: First measure the body's fat/thinness to regulate Qi excess/deficiency, sedate Excess, tonify Deficiency, but must first remove blood stasis before regulating. This is what is meant.)