痫症，肝胆心肾病，而旁及阴阳维跷督诸经俱动也。《脉经》曰∶前部左右弹者阳跷也。动则苦癫痫羊鸣，从
少阴斜至太阳者，阳维也。动苦癫痫羊鸣，从少阳斜至厥阴者，阴维也。动苦癫痫，三部俱浮，直上直下为
督脉，动则大人癫，小儿痫。经言二阴急为痫厥，足少阴肾为二阴。谓少阴气逆于经而上行，则喉塞音喑而痫
发矣。症由心肾虚怯，肝风胆火倏逆，痰涎上壅心包，经脉闭阻，猝然晕仆，口眼牵掣，腰背反张，手足抽搐。
此由热极生风。喊作畜声，因其近似，分马痫摇头张口应心、牛痫直视腹胀应脾、猪痫吐沫应肾、羊痫扬目吐
舌应肺、鸡痫摇头反折应肝，以内应五脏，而五痫名焉。痫症幼小为多，大人亦有之。经久失调，遂成痼疾，
一触厥气鼓风，涎沫升逆莫遏，痰在膈间则眩微不仆；痰溢膈上则眩甚而倒。必待其气反，吐去惊涎宿沫而
后苏。若元气虚甚，乃屡发不止。痫与中风、中寒、中暑、尸厥等仆地不同，痫仆时口中作声，将醒吐沫，
醒后又发，若中风等病。仆时无声，醒时无沫，后不复发，又与痉症相似。但痫发身软，时醒，痉则身强直，
角弓反张，不时醒。痉比痫为重。虽分五痫，治要在火与痰。通治定痫丸、参汤下，或人参琥珀丸。愈
后必断其根，河车丸。其因惊发痫者，神出舍空，惊涎，乍服温胆汤加竹沥、胆星。愈后必复其神，七福饮、
远志丸。其胆火生风者，热痰阻络，直视吐沫。用羚羊角、钩藤、天麻、丹皮、连翘、胆星、竹沥、橘红、
前胡。怒触肝火者，切牙啮舌，叫吼遗尿。小柴胡汤去甘草，加青皮，甚则泻肝汤。痰火阻窍者，神机不发，
昏不知人。龙脑安神丸，或胆星、牛黄、菖蒲、郁金汁、姜汁、橘红汤灌之。因抑郁发者调其气，四七汤加
木香、南星。因肾经虚者培其源。六味汤加首乌、白芍、枣仁、龙骨。肝肾阳亢者和其阴，虎潜丸。心气不足
者安其神，养心汤。思虑烦劳者补其营，益营煎。胎痫得之母腹中者镇其怯。烧丹丸。
又按《千金方》分阳痫阴痫。以先体热，螈 惊啼而后发，脉浮洪者，为阳痫，病在腑，易治。妙香丸。
先身冷，不惊掣啼叫，病发脉沉微者，为阴痫，病在脏，难治。五生丸，引神归舍丹。古方通治五痫，五痫丸、
五色丸、六珍丹。风痫骤发，项强直视，此肝经有热，切牙者，泻青丸合导赤散。痰火俱盛，清膈饮下朱砂
安神丸。痰多，控涎丹，导痰汤。痰迷心窍，金箔镇心丸。心热痰迷，清神汤。火盛，抽薪饮。气逆食滞，大
和中饮。因惊，抱胆丸。因怒，安神导痰汤。心脏气血不足，滋阴安神汤、清心温胆汤。神不守舍，归神丹。
癫痫屡发，五痫神应丸。病久则成窠囊，日久必生虫。妙功丸神效。妇人患痫由血失调，加味逍遥散。肥人
多痰，加味寿星丸。瘦人多火，清心滚痰丸。痫愈复发，断痫丹。痫病昼发，灸阳跷。宜补中益气汤加益智。
阳跷起于足太阳膀胱经，足外踝下五分陷中，申脉穴也。夜发，灸阴跷。宜六味丸加鹿角胶。阴跷起于足少
阴内踝前，大骨下陷中，然谷穴也。石顽谓痫以补肾为本，豁痰为标，其由来不外肝肾龙雷上冲所致，岂不信
哉。
丹溪治痫主痰与热，以星、半、芩、连为主。热多者凉膈散，加川连、麦冬以泄之。痰多者，戴人三圣
散吐之。如惊者，东垣安神丸平之。
痫症，病位主要在肝、胆、心、肾，并波及阴阳维脉、跷脉、督脉等诸经，导致这些经脉同时发生异常变动。《脉经》记载：寸口脉前部左右弹指有力者，是阳跷脉（Yang Qiao Mai）受邪。若此脉动，则令人痛苦于癫痫发作，发出如羊叫的声音；脉象从足少阴肾经斜向足太阳膀胱经者，是阳维脉（Yang Wei Mai）受邪。若此脉动，同样令人痛苦于癫痫发作，发出如羊叫的声音；脉象从足少阳胆经斜向足厥阴肝经者，是阴维脉（Yin Wei Mai）受邪。若此脉动，令人痛苦于癫痫发作；若三部脉俱浮，且脉势直上直下者为督脉（Du Mai）受邪，此脉动则成人发癫狂，小儿发痫证。经文说“二阴急为痫厥”，足少阴肾经被称为二阴。意思是少阴之气逆乱于经脉而上行，就会导致喉部闭塞、声音嘶哑而引发痫证。
本症多因心肾亏虚怯弱，肝风与胆火突然上逆，痰涎壅塞于心包络，致使经脉闭阻，患者猝然晕倒仆地，口眼歪斜牵引，腰背向后反折僵硬，手足抽搐。这属于热极生风所致。发作时口中发出类似动物的叫声，因其声音近似，故分为马痫（摇头张口，对应心脏）、牛痫（直视腹胀，对应脾脏）、猪痫（吐沫，对应肾脏）、羊痫（扬目吐舌，对应肺脏）、鸡痫（摇头反折，对应肝脏），因为内应五脏，所以称为五痫。痫症多见于幼童和少年，成人也有患病。若经久不愈且调治失当，便成为顽固性疾病。一旦触动厥逆之气鼓动肝风，痰涎泡沫上逆无法遏制，若痰在膈间，则眩晕轻微不会仆倒；若痰溢于膈上，则眩晕严重而仆倒。必须等待其气机恢复，吐出惊涎宿沫之后才能苏醒。如果元气极度虚弱，就会屡次发作不止。
痫证仆倒在地时的表现，与中风、中寒、中暑、尸厥等病不同。痫证仆倒时口中作声，将醒时吐沫，醒来后可能再次发作；而中风等疾病仆倒时无声，醒来时无沫，之后不再复发。痫证又与痉证相似。但痫证发作时身体柔软，时有清醒；而痉证身体强直，角弓反张，不时清醒。痉证比痫证病情更重。虽然分为五痫，治疗的关键在于清火与化痰。通治方可用定痫丸（Dingxian Wan, Calming Epilepsy Pill）送服参汤，或用人参琥珀丸（Renshen Hupo Wan, Ginseng and Amber Pill）。痊愈后必须断除病根，可服用河车丸（Heche Wan, Placenta Pill）。
因惊吓引发的痫证，心神外越而舍空，伴有惊涎，暂用温胆汤（Wendan Tang, Warm the Gallbladder Decoction）加竹沥（Bamboo Sap）、胆星（Danxing, Calculus Bovis Processed with Pinellia Tuber）。痊愈后必须恢复神志，可用七福饮（Qifu Yin, Seven Blessments Decoction）或远志丸（Yuanzhi Wan, Polygala Pill）。因胆火生风者，热痰阻滞经络，表现为直视、吐沫。可用羚羊角、钩藤、天麻、丹皮、连翘、胆星、竹沥、橘红、前胡等药。因愤怒触动肝火者，表现为切牙咬舌、叫吼遗尿。用小柴胡汤（Xiao Chaihu Tang, Minor Bupleurum Decoction）去甘草，加青皮；严重者用泻肝汤（Xiegan Tang, Drain Liver Decoction）。痰火阻塞心窍者，神机不发，昏不知人。用龙脑安神丸（Longnao Anshen Wan, Borneol Calming Spirit Pill），或用胆星、牛黄、菖蒲、郁金汁、姜汁、橘红煎汤灌服。因抑郁引发者，调理气机，用四七汤（Siqi Tang, Four Seven Decoction）加木香、南星。因肾经虚损者，培补本源，用六味地黄汤（Liuwei Tang, Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction）加首乌、白芍、枣仁、龙骨。肝肾阳气亢盛者，调和阴液，用虎潜丸（Hujian Wan, Tiger-Hiding Pill）。心气不足者，安定神志，用养心汤（Yangxin Tang, Nourish Heart Decoction）。思虑烦劳者，补益营血，用益营煎（Yiying Jian, Benefit Ying Decoction）。胎痫得之于母腹中者，镇摄怯弱，用烧丹丸（Shaodan Wan, Burnt Cinnabar Pill）。
另外按《千金方》分为阳痫和阴痫。先出现身体发热、抽搐惊啼而后发病，脉象浮洪的，称为阳痫，病在腑，容易治疗，用妙香丸（Miaoxiang Wan, Wonderful Fragrance Pill）。先出现身体寒冷、无抽搐惊啼，发病时脉象沉微的，称为阴痫，病在脏，难以治疗，用五生丸（Wusheng Wan, Five Origins Pill）或引神归舍丹（Yinshen Guishe Dan, Guide Spirit Return to Abode Elixir）。古方通治五痫的有：五痫丸、五色丸、六珍丹。
风痫骤然发作，项强直视，切牙者，此为肝经有热，用泻青丸（Xieqing Wan, Drain Green Pill）合导赤散（Daochi San, Guide Out Red Powder）。痰火俱盛者，用清膈饮（Qinge Yin, Clear Diaphragm Decoction）送服朱砂安神丸（Zhusha Anshen Wan, Cinnabar Calming Spirit Pill）。痰多者，用控涎丹（Kongyan Dan, Control Phlegm Elixir）或导痰汤（Daotan Tang, Guide Phlegm Decoction）。痰迷心窍者，用金箔镇心丸（Jinbo Zhenxin Wan, Gold Foil Calming Heart Pill）。心热痰迷者，用清神汤（Qingshen Tang, Clear Spirit Decoction）。火盛者，用抽薪饮（Chouxin Yin, Draw Firewood Decoction）。气逆食滞者，用大和中饮（Da Hezhong Yin, Great Harmonize Middle Decoction）。因惊吓者，用抱胆丸（Baodan Wan, Embrace Gallbladder Pill）。因愤怒者，用安神导痰汤（Anshen Daotan Tang, Calm Spirit Guide Phlegm Decoction）。心脏气血不足者，用滋阴安神汤（Ziyin Anshen Tang, Nourish Yin Calm Spirit Decoction）或清心温胆汤（Qingxin Wendan Tang, Clear Heart Warm Gallbladder Decoction）。神不守舍者，用归神丹（Guishen Dan, Return Spirit Elixir）。癫痫屡发者，用五痫神应丸（Wuxian Shenyin Wan, Five Epilepsies Divine Response Pill）。
病久则形成窠囊，日久必生虫。妙功丸（Miaogong Wan, Wonderful Merit Pill）神效。妇人患痫由血失调引起，用加味逍遥散（Jiawei Xiaoyao San, Modified Free Wanderer Powder）。肥人多痰，用加味寿星丸（Jiawei Shouxing Wan, Modified Longevity Star Pill）。瘦人多火，用清心滚痰丸（Qingxin Guntan Wan, Clear Heart Rolling Phlegm Pill）。痫愈后复发，用断痫丹（Duanxian Dan, Cut Off Epilepsy Elixir）。痫病白天发作，灸阳跷穴。宜用补中益气汤（Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Tonify Middle and Boost Qi Decoction）加益智仁。阳跷脉起于足太阳膀胱经，足外踝下五分陷中，即申脉穴（Shenmai, BL62）。夜间发作，灸阴跷穴。宜用六味地黄丸（Liuwei Wan, Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill）加鹿角胶。阴跷脉起于足少阴肾经内踝前，大骨下陷中，即然谷穴（Rangu, KI2）。石顽（赵献可，号石顽老人）认为治疗痫证以补肾为本，豁痰为标，其由来不外乎肝肾之龙雷之火上冲所致，难道不是这样吗？
丹溪（朱震亨）治疗痫证主抓痰与热，以胆星、半夏、黄芩、黄连为主药。热多者用凉膈散（Liangge San, Cool Diaphragm Powder），加川黄连、麦冬以泄热。痰多者，用戴人三圣散（Dairen Sansheng San, Dairen's Three Sages Powder）催吐。如属惊恐所致，用东垣安神丸（Dongyuan Anshen Wan, Dongyuan's Calming Spirit Pill）平复。
Epilepsy (Xian Zheng) involves the Liver, Gallbladder, Heart, and Kidney meridians, and extends to affect the Yang Linking Vessel (Yang Wei Mai), Yin Linking Vessel (Yin Wei Mai), Yang Heel Vessel (Yang Qiao Mai), Yin Heel Vessel (Yin Qiao Mai), and Du Vessel (Du Mai), causing simultaneous disturbances in these vessels. The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: "When the pulse at the anterior part of the cun position beats forcefully on both left and right sides, it indicates the Yang Heel Vessel is affected." When this vessel is disturbed, one suffers from epilepsy, crying out like a sheep. If the pulse moves obliquely from the Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian to the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian, it indicates the Yang Linking Vessel is affected. When this vessel is disturbed, one similarly suffers from epilepsy, crying out like a sheep. If the pulse moves obliquely from the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian to the Foot Jueyin Liver meridian, it indicates the Yin Linking Vessel is affected. When this vessel is disturbed, one suffers from epilepsy; if the pulses at all three positions (cun, guan, chi) are floating, and the pulse force moves straight up and down, it indicates the Du Vessel is affected. When this vessel is disturbed, adults suffer from mania (Dian), and children suffer from epilepsy (Xian). The classic says, "Urgency in the two yin meridians leads to syncope and epilepsy." The Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian is referred to as the "two yin." This means that when Qi of the Shaoyin rebels and ascends through the meridians, it causes throat obstruction and hoarseness, triggering an epileptic seizure.
The syndrome arises from deficiency and timidity of the Heart and Kidney, sudden rebellion of Liver Wind and Gallbladder Fire, accumulation of phlegm-fluids obstructing the Pericardium, and blockage of the meridians. The patient suddenly faints and falls, with pulling and twitching of the mouth and eyes, opisthotonos (back arching), and convulsions of the hands and feet. This is caused by extreme heat generating wind. During the attack, sounds resembling animals are made. Based on these similarities, they are classified into five types: Horse Epilepsy (head shaking, mouth opening, corresponding to the Heart); Ox Epilepsy (staring, abdominal distension, corresponding to the Spleen); Pig Epilepsy (foaming at the mouth, corresponding to the Kidney); Sheep Epilepsy (eyes rolling, tongue protruding, corresponding to the Lung); and Chicken Epilepsy (head shaking, body bending backward, corresponding to the Liver). Because they correspond internally to the Five Zang organs, they are named the Five Epilepsies. Epilepsy is more common in children and young people, but adults also suffer from it. If untreated or improperly managed over a long period, it becomes a chronic, stubborn disease. Once triggered by rebellious Qi stirring wind, phlegm and foam rise uncontrollably. If the phlegm remains below the diaphragm, dizziness is mild and the patient does not fall; if the phlegm overflows above the diaphragm, dizziness is severe and the patient falls. One must wait for the Qi to return to normal, expelling the old phlegm and saliva, before regaining consciousness. If Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is extremely deficient, attacks may occur repeatedly without cessation.
The manner in which the patient falls during epilepsy differs from conditions such as Stroke (Zhong Feng), Cold Strike (Zhong Han), Heat Strike (Zhong Shu), and Corpse-like Syncope (Shi Jue). During an epileptic fall, the patient makes sounds; upon waking, they produce foam; and after waking, the condition may recur. In contrast, patients falling from stroke or similar conditions make no sound, produce no foam upon waking, and do not recur later. Epilepsy also resembles Spasm Syndrome (Jing Zheng). However, during an epileptic attack, the body is soft, and the patient periodically regains consciousness; in spasm syndrome, the body is rigid, presenting with opisthotonos, and the patient does not periodically regain consciousness. Spasm syndrome is more severe than epilepsy. Although divided into five types, the key to treatment lies in clearing Fire and resolving Phlegm. For general treatment, Dingxian Wan (Calming Epilepsy Pill) can be taken with Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction), or Renshen Hupo Wan (Ginseng and Amber Pill). After recovery, the root cause must be eliminated using Heche Wan (Placenta Pill).
For epilepsy triggered by fright, where the Shen (Spirit) wanders and the "house" is empty, accompanied by fright-phlegm, temporarily use Wendan Tang (Warm the Gallbladder Decoction) added with Zhuli (Bamboo Sap) and Danxing (Pinellia-treated Calculus Bovis). After recovery, the Shen must be restored using Qifu Yin (Seven Blessments Decoction) or Yuanzhi Wan (Polygala Pill). For cases where Gallbladder Fire generates Wind, with hot phlegm blocking the collaterals, manifesting as staring and foaming, use Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn), Gouteng (Uncaria), Tianma (Gastrodia), Danpi (Moutan Bark), Lianqiao (Forsythia), Danxing, Zhuli, Juhong (Tangerine Peel), and Qianhu (Peucedanum). For cases triggered by anger stirring Liver Fire, manifesting as teeth grinding, biting the tongue, shouting, and urinary incontinence, use Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) minus Gancao (Licorice), added with Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel); for severe cases, use Xiegan Tang (Drain Liver Decoction). For cases where Phlegm-Fire blocks the orifices, with Shen mechanism inactive and unconsciousness, use Longnao Anshen Wan (Borneol Calming Spirit Pill), or administer a decoction of Danxing, Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Shichangpu (Acorus), Yujin juice, Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice), and Juhong. For cases triggered by depression, regulate the Qi using Siqi Tang (Four Seven Decoction) added with Muxiang (Aucklandia) and Nanxing (Pinellia). For cases due to Kidney meridian deficiency, tonify the source using Liuwei Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction) added with Shouwu (Polygonum Multiflorum), Baishao (White Peony Root), Zaoren (Jujube Seed), and Longgu (Fossilized Bone). For cases of Liver-Kidney Yang hyperactivity, harmonize the Yin using Hujian Wan (Tiger-Hiding Pill). For cases of Heart Qi deficiency, calm the Shen using Yangxin Tang (Nourish Heart Decoction). For cases of mental worry and fatigue, tonify Ying (Nutritive) Qi using Yiying Jian (Benefit Ying Decoction). For fetal epilepsy acquired in the womb, suppress timidity using Shaodan Wan (Burnt Cinnabar Pill).
Additionally, according to the *Qianjin Fang*, epilepsy is divided into Yang Epilepsy and Yin Epilepsy. If the patient first has body heat, convulsions, and crying, followed by the onset of illness, with a floating and surging pulse, it is called Yang Epilepsy. The disease is in the Fu organs and is easy to treat; use Miaoxiang Wan (Wonderful Fragrance Pill). If the patient first has cold body, no convulsions or crying, and upon onset the pulse is deep and minute, it is called Yin Epilepsy. The disease is in the Zang organs and is difficult to treat; use Wusheng Wan (Five Origins Pill) or Yinshen Guishe Dan (Guide Spirit Return to Abode Elixir). Ancient formulas for general treatment of the five epilepsies include Wuxian Wan, Wuse Wan, and Liuzhen Dan.
For Wind Epilepsy with sudden onset, neck stiffness, staring, and teeth grinding, indicating Liver Heat, use Xieqing Wan (Drain Green Pill) combined with Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder). For excessive Phlegm and Fire, use Qingge Yin (Clear Diaphragm Decoction) to swallow Zhusha Anshen Wan (Cinnabar Calming Spirit Pill). For excessive phlegm, use Kongyan Dan (Control Phlegm Elixir) or Daotan Tang (Guide Phlegm Decoction). For phlegm confusing the Heart orifice, use Jinbo Zhenxin Wan (Gold Foil Calming Heart Pill). For Heart Heat and confused phlegm, use Qingshen Tang (Clear Spirit Decoction). For excess Fire, use Chouxin Yin (Draw Firewood Decoction). For rebellious Qi and food stagnation, use Da Hezhong Yin (Great Harmonize Middle Decoction). For cases due to fright, use Baodan Wan (Embrace Gallbladder Pill). For cases due to anger, use Anshen Daotan Tang (Calm Spirit Guide Phlegm Decoction). For Heart Qi and Blood deficiency, use Ziyin Anshen Tang (Nourish Yin Calm Spirit Decoction) or Qingxin Wendan Tang (Clear Heart Warm Gallbladder Decoction). For Shen not residing in its house, use Guishen Dan (Return Spirit Elixir). For recurrent epilepsy, use Wuxian Shenyin Wan (Five Epilepsies Divine Response Pill).
If the disease persists, it forms "nest sacs," and over time parasites may generate. Miaogong Wan (Wonderful Merit Pill) is highly effective. For women suffering from epilepsy due to blood disharmony, use Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free Wanderer Powder). For obese individuals with much phlegm, use Jiawei Shouxing Wan (Modified Longevity Star Pill). For thin individuals with much fire, use Qingxin Guntan Wan (Clear Heart Rolling Phlegm Pill). For recurrence after recovery, use Duanxian Dan (Cut Off Epilepsy Elixir). For epilepsy occurring during the day, moxa the Yang Qiao point. Use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify Middle and Boost Qi Decoction) added with Yizhi Ren (Alpinia Oxyphylla). The Yang Qiao vessel originates from the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian, in the depression 0.5 cun below the lateral malleolus, specifically the Shenmai point (BL62). For epilepsy occurring at night, moxa the Yin Qiao point. Use Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) added with Lujiaojiao (Deer Antler Glue). The Yin Qiao vessel originates from the Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian, in the depression anterior to the medial malleolus, below the large bone, specifically the Rangu point (KI2). Shiwan (Zhao Xianke) stated that treating epilepsy should focus on tonifying the Kidney as the root and resolving phlegm as the branch. Its origin is nothing other than the uprising of Dragon-Lei Fire from the Liver and Kidney; is this not true?
Danxi (Zhu Zhenheng) treated epilepsy primarily focusing on Phlegm and Heat, using Danxing, Banxia, Huangqin, and Huanglian as main herbs. For excess heat, use Liangge San (Cool Diaphragm Powder), added with Chuanlian (Coptis) and Maidong (Ophiopogon) to drain heat. For excess phlegm, use Dairen Sansheng San (Dairen's Three Sages Powder) to induce vomiting. For cases due to fright, use Dongyuan Anshen Wan (Dongyuan's Calming Spirit Pill) to pacify.