肾中真阳虚而泄泻者，每于五更时，或天将明，即洞泄数次，此由丹田不暖，所以尾闾不固，或先肠鸣，
或脐下痛，或经月不止，或暂愈复作，此为肾泄。盖肾为胃关，二便开闭，皆肾脏所主。今肾阳衰，则阴寒盛，
故于五更后，阳气未复，即洞泄难忍。古方治肾泄，用椒附丸、五味子散。若欲阳生于阴，肾气充固，宜八
味丸去丹皮，加补骨脂、菟丝子、五味子，用山药糊丸为妙。
泻由水谷不分，病在中焦。痢以脂血伤败，病在下焦。在中焦者，分利脾胃之湿。在下焦者，调理肝肾
之伤。若水泻久，则传变而痢脓血，是脾传肾，谓之贼邪，故难愈。若先痢后泻，是肾传脾，谓之微邪，故
易瘳。
胃脉虚则泻，脉滑，按之虚，必下利。肾脉微小则洞泄，肺脉微甚则泄。泄泻脉洪大者逆，泄而脱血
脉实者，难治。泄泻脉缓，时小结者生，浮大数者死。泻脉多沉，沉迟寒促，沉数火热，沉虚滑脱。暑湿缓弱，
多在夏月。
〔除湿〕平胃散 见一卷中风。
〔飧泄〕升阳除湿汤 见一卷湿。
〔分消〕清六丸 滑石 甘草 红曲
〔热泄〕大厘清饮 茯苓 猪苓 泽泻 木通 山栀 枳壳 车前子（各一钱）
〔湿泄〕胃苓汤 见一卷中风。
〔食泄〕治中汤 见三卷饮食。
〔寒泄〕附子理中汤 见一卷中风。
〔渗湿〕四苓散 见一卷中风。
〔虚泄〕四柱六柱饮 参 附 苓 木香名四柱饮，加肉果、诃子，名六柱饮。
〔虚泄〕四君子汤 见一卷中风。
〔胃泄〕胃风汤 参 术 苓 归 芍 肉桂 粟米
〔脾泄〕香薷饮 见一卷中风。
〔暑泄〕桂苓甘露饮 见一卷暑。
〔小肠〕大小承气汤 见一卷温。
〔清火〕黄连解毒汤 见一卷温。
〔清热〕芍药柏皮汤 芍 柏皮 连 归
〔瘕泄〕八正散 见一卷火。
〔热泄〕天水散 见一卷温。
〔痰泄〕二陈汤 见一卷中风。
〔痰泄〕吴茱萸汤 见三卷呕吐。
〔酒泄〕葛花解酲汤 见一卷湿。
〔暑泄〕薷苓汤 香薷饮合四苓散。
〔暑泄〕玉龙丸 硫黄 硝石 滑石 明矾
〔暑泄〕连理汤 见一卷暑。
〔脾肾〕四神二神丸 见三卷饮食。
〔滑泄〕固肠丸 龙骨 附子 丁香 诃子 良姜 蔻仁 砂仁 木香 赤石脂
〔升提〕补中益气汤 见一卷中风。
〔滑泄〕万全丸 赤石脂 炮姜（各一两） 胡椒（五钱） 醋糊丸。
〔肾泄〕椒附丸 川椒 附子（各五钱） 山萸（二两） 螵蛸（炙） 鹿茸（烙去毛酒蒸，焙） 龙骨（各四
钱） 酒糊丸。
〔肾泄〕五味子丸 杜仲 五味 肉蔻 故纸（各一两） 吴萸（三钱） 姜枣为丸。
〔补阳〕八味丸 见一卷中风。
〔通治〕泄泻方 白术 茯苓 陈皮 甘草 泽泻 砂仁 神曲 麦芽 寒加木香、煨姜。热加黄芩、
白芍。暑加香薷、扁豆。湿加苍术、半夏、猪苓、滑石。食加山楂、枳实。久加人参、黄 、升麻。滑泄不
禁加肉蔻、诃子。
〔肠滑〕久泻方 白面（炒黄，二两） 冬术（一两） 故纸（五钱） 滑加粟壳（三钱） 临服加白糖。
〔不食〕久泻方 糯米（一升，水浸一宿，慢火炒熟，研细） 怀山药（炒，一两，研细） 和匀，
加白糖、川椒调服。
肾中真阳虚弱导致的泄泻，通常在五更时分，或天将亮时，发生数次水样腹泻。这是由于丹田（下焦元气汇聚之处）不温暖，导致尾闾（指肛门或下元固摄功能）不固所致。症状可能表现为先有肠鸣，或脐下疼痛，或病程持续数月不止，或暂时痊愈后又复发，这被称为肾泄。因为肾是胃的关口，二便的开闭都由肾脏主宰。如今肾阳衰微，则阴寒之气盛极，所以在五更之后，阳气尚未恢复之时，就会出现难以忍受的水样腹泻。古代方剂治疗肾泄，使用椒附丸、五味子散。如果想要阳生于阴，使肾气充盛坚固，适宜用八味丸去掉丹皮，加入补骨脂、菟丝子、五味子，用山药粉糊制成丸药效果更佳。
泄泻是由于水谷不分，病位在中焦。痢疾是因为脂血损伤败坏，病位在下焦。病在中焦的，采用分利脾胃湿邪的方法治疗。病在下焦的，调理肝肾的损伤。如果水泻日久，则传变出现脓血痢，这是脾病传肾，称为贼邪，所以难以治愈。如果先患痢疾后转为泄泻，这是肾病传脾，称为微邪，所以容易痊愈。
胃脉虚弱则发生泄泻，若脉象滑，重按感觉虚弱，必然出现下利。肾脉微小则出现洞泄（严重的水样腹泻），肺脉微甚则发生泄泻。泄泻脉象洪大的为逆证（预后不良），泄泻伴有脱血且脉象实的，难治。泄泻脉象缓，偶尔出现小结节的为生证（预后良好），脉象浮大数的为死证（预后极差）。泄泻的脉象多沉，沉迟主寒邪凝滞，沉数主火热内盛，沉虚主滑脱不禁。暑湿引起的泄泻脉象缓弱，多发生在夏季。
〔除湿法〕平胃散 见一卷中风。
〔飧泄法〕升阳除湿汤 见一卷湿。
〔分消法〕清六丸 滑石 甘草 红曲
〔热泄法〕大厘清饮 茯苓 猪苓 泽泻 木通 山栀 枳壳 车前子（各一钱）
〔湿泄法〕胃苓汤 见一卷中风。
〔食泄法〕治中汤 见三卷饮食。
〔寒泄法〕附子理中汤 见一卷中风。
〔渗湿法〕四苓散 见一卷中风。
〔虚泄法〕四柱六柱饮 人参 附子 茯苓 木香名为四柱饮，加肉豆蔻、诃子，名为六柱饮。
〔虚泄法〕四君子汤 见一卷中风。
〔胃泄法〕胃风汤 人参 白术 茯苓 当归 白芍 肉桂 粟米
〔脾泄法〕香薷饮 见一卷中风。
〔暑泄法〕桂苓甘露饮 见一卷暑。
〔小肠法〕大小承气汤 见一卷温。
〔清火法〕黄连解毒汤 见一卷温。
〔清热法〕芍药柏皮汤 白芍 黄柏皮 黄连 当归
〔瘕泄法〕八正散 见一卷火。
〔热泄法〕天水散 见一卷温。
〔痰泄法〕二陈汤 见一卷中风。
〔痰泄法〕吴茱萸汤 见三卷呕吐。
〔酒泄法〕葛花解酲汤 见一卷湿。
〔暑泄法〕薷苓汤 香薷饮合四苓散。
〔暑泄法〕玉龙丸 硫黄 硝石 滑石 明矾
〔暑泄法〕连理汤 见一卷暑。
〔脾肾法〕四神二神丸 见三卷饮食。
〔滑泄法〕固肠丸 龙骨 附子 丁香 诃子 良姜 蔻仁 砂仁 木香 赤石脂
〔升提法〕补中益气汤 见一卷中风。
〔滑泄法〕万全丸 赤石脂 炮姜（各一两） 胡椒（五钱） 醋糊丸。
〔肾泄法〕椒附丸 川椒 附子（各五钱） 山萸肉（二两） 海螵蛸（炙） 鹿茸（烙去毛酒蒸，焙干） 龙骨（各四钱） 酒糊丸。
〔肾泄法〕五味子丸 杜仲 五味子 肉豆蔻 破故纸（即补骨脂，各一两） 吴茱萸（三钱） 生姜大枣为丸。
〔补阳法〕八味丸 见一卷中风。
〔通治法〕泄泻方 白术 茯苓 陈皮 甘草 泽泻 砂仁 神曲 麦芽 寒证加木香、煨姜。热证加黄芩、白芍。暑证加香薷、扁豆。湿证加苍术、半夏、猪苓、滑石。食积加山楂、枳实。久泻加人参、黄芪、升麻。滑泄不禁加肉豆蔻、诃子。
〔肠滑法〕久泻方 白面（炒黄，二两） 冬术（即白术，一两） 破故纸（五钱） 滑脱加罂粟壳（三钱） 临服时加白糖。
〔不食法〕久泻方 糯米（一升，水浸一夜，慢火炒熟，研细） 怀山药（炒，一两，研细） 和匀，加白糖、川椒调服。
For diarrhea caused by deficiency of the true Yang in the Kidney, it often occurs several times with watery stools during the fifth watch (5:00-7:00 AM) or just before dawn. This is due to the lack of warmth in the Dantian (the gathering place of Yuan Qi in the lower Jiao), leading to insecurity of the Weilu (referring to the anus or the consolidating function of the lower Yuan). Symptoms may include borborygmus first, or pain below the umbilicus, or a course lasting for months without cessation, or temporary remission followed by recurrence; this is called Kidney Diarrhea. The Kidney serves as the gate of the Stomach, and the opening and closing of urination and defecation are all governed by the Kidneys. Now that Kidney Yang is declining, Yin-Cold becomes excessive, so after the fifth watch, when Yang Qi has not yet recovered, unbearable watery diarrhea occurs. Ancient formulas for treating Kidney Diarrhea use Jiaofu Wan (Pepper and Aconite Pill) and Wuweizi San (Schisandra Powder). If one wishes for Yang to arise from Yin and for Kidney Qi to be abundant and solid, it is suitable to use Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) removing Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), adding Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus), Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen), and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), made into pills using Yam paste for optimal effect.
Diarrhea arises from the failure to distinguish between water and grain, with the pathology located in the Middle Jiao. Dysentery results from the damage and corruption of mucus and blood, with the pathology located in the Lower Jiao. For pathology in the Middle Jiao, treatment involves separating and draining the dampness of the Spleen and Stomach. For pathology in the Lower Jiao, treatment involves regulating the injury to the Liver and Kidney. If watery diarrhea persists for a long time, it may transform into dysentery with pus and blood; this is the transmission of Spleen disease to the Kidney, termed "Thief Evil" (Zei Xie), making it difficult to cure. If dysentery precedes diarrhea, this is the transmission of Kidney disease to the Spleen, termed "Minor Evil" (Wei Xie), making it easy to heal.
Deficiency of the Stomach pulse leads to diarrhea; if the pulse is slippery but feels deficient upon deep pressure, there must be downward discharge. A minute and small Kidney pulse indicates severe watery diarrhea; an extremely weak or excessive Lung pulse indicates diarrhea. A洪大 (Hong Da / Surging and Large) pulse in diarrhea is a counter-indication (poor prognosis); diarrhea accompanied by hemorrhage with a excess pulse is difficult to treat. A slow pulse in diarrhea, occasionally with small knotted beats, indicates survival (good prognosis); a floating, large, and rapid pulse indicates death (very poor prognosis). The pulse in diarrhea is mostly deep; deep and slow indicates cold stagnation, deep and rapid indicates internal heat/fire, and deep and deficient indicates sliding and incontinence. Diarrhea caused by summerheat-dampness presents with a slow and weak pulse, mostly occurring in summer.
[Method of Expelling Dampness] Pingwei San (Level the Stomach Powder) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Method for Sun Diarrhea] Shengyang Chushi Tang (Raise Yang and Expel Dampness Decoction) - See Volume 1, Dampness.
[Method of Separating and Eliminating] Qingliu Wan (Clear Six Pills) - Huashi (Talcum), Gancao (Licorice Root), Hongqu (Red Yeast Rice).
[Method for Heat Diarrhea] Dali Qingyin (Great Clarity Drink) - Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus), Zexie (Alisma), Mutong (Akebia Stem), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen) (each 1 qian).
[Method for Damp Diarrhea] Weiling Tang (Stomach and Lingzhi Decoction) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Method for Food Diarrhea] Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) - See Volume 3, Diet.
[Method for Cold Diarrhea] Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Method of Seeping out Dampness] Siling San (Four-Ling Powder) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Method for Deficiency Diarrhea] Sizhu Liuzhu Yin (Four-Pillar and Six-Pillar Drinks) - Renshen (Ginseng), Fuzi (Aconite), Fuling (Poria), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) named Sizhu Yin; adding Rougu (Nutmeg), Hezi (Chebulae Fructus) named Liuzhu Yin.
[Method for Deficiency Diarrhea] Sijunzi Tang (Four-Gentlemen Decoction) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Method for Stomach Diarrhea]weifeng Tang (Stomach Wind Decoction) - Renshen (Ginseng), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Sumi (Millet).
[Method for Spleen Diarrhea] Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Drink) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Method for Summerheat Diarrhea] Guiling Ganlu Yin (Cassia and Polyporus Sweet Dew Drink) - See Volume 1, Summerheat.
[Small Intestine Method] Da Xiao Chengqi Tang (Major and Minor Order the Qi Decoctions) - See Volume 1, Warmth.
[Fire Clearing Method] Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Detoxification Decoction) - See Volume 1, Warmth.
[Heat Clearing Method] Shaoyao Bapi Tang (Peony and Bark Skin Decoction) - Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Bapi (Phellodendri Cortex), Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix).
[Mass Diarrhea Method] Bazheng San (Eight-Utensils Powder) - See Volume 1, Fire.
[Heat Diarrhea Method] Tianshui San (Heavenly Water Powder) - See Volume 1, Warmth.
[Phlegm Diarrhea Method] Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Phlegm Diarrhea Method] Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) - See Volume 3, Vomiting.
[Alcohol Diarrhea Method] Gehua Jieying Tang (Buckwheat Flower Relieving Intoxication Decoction) - See Volume 1, Dampness.
[Summerheat Diarrhea Method] Ruling Tang - Combination of Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Drink) and Siling San (Four-Ling Powder).
[Summerheat Diarrhea Method] Yulong Wan (Jade Dragon Pills) - Liuhuang (Sulfur), Xiaoshi (Natrii Nitras), Huashi (Talcum), Mingfan (Alumen).
[Summerheat Diarrhea Method] Lianli Tang - See Volume 1, Summerheat.
[Spleen-Kidney Method] Sishenershenshen Wan - See Volume 3, Diet.
[Sliding Diarrhea Method] Guchang Wan (Intestine Consolidating Pills) - Longgu (Fossilized Bones), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Hezi (Chebulae Fructus), Liangjiang (Galangal Rhizome), Kourén (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Chishizhi (Kaolinite).
[Lifting Method] Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[Sliding Diarrhea Method] Wanquan Wan (Perfect Safety Pills) - Chishizhi (Kaolinite), Paojiang (Prepared Ginger) (each 1 liang), Hujiao (Black Pepper) (5 qian), pilled with vinegar paste.
[Kidney Diarrhea Method] Jiaofu Wan (Pepper and Aconite Pill) - Chuanjiao (Sichuan Pepper), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) (each 5 qian), Shanyuzhu (Corni Fructus) (2 liang), Piaoxiao (Sepiae Endoconcha) (processed), Lurong (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum) (scorched, hair removed, steamed in wine, dried) (each 4 qian), Longgu (Fossilized Bones) (each 4 qian), pilled with wine paste.
[Kidney Diarrhea Method] Wuweizi Wan (Schisandra Pill) - Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex), Wuwei (Schisandrae Fructus), Roukou (Nutmeg), Guzhi (Psoraleae Fructus) (each 1 liang), Wuyu (Evodiae Fructus) (3 qian), pilled with Ginger and Jujube.
[Yang Tonifying Method] Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) - See Volume 1, Wind-Stroke.
[General Treatment Method] Xiexie Fang (Diarrhea Formula) - Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Shenqu (Massae Fermentatae Medicinalis), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus). For cold patterns, add Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Wei Jiang (Roasted Ginger). For heat patterns, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix). For summerheat patterns, add Xiangru (Elsholtiae Herba), Biandou (Dolichoris Semen). For damp patterns, add Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Zhuling (Polyporus), Huashi (Talcum). For food stagnation, add Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus). For chronic cases, add Renshen (Ginseng), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma). For sliding incontinence, add Roukou (Nutmeg), Hezi (Chebulae Fructus).
[Intestinal Sliding Method] Jiuxie Fang (Chronic Diarrhea Formula) - Baifan (Wheat Flour) (stir-fried until yellow, 2 liang), Dongzhu (Winter Atractylodes, i.e., Baizhu) (1 liang), Guzhi (Psoraleae Fructus) (5 qian). For sliding, add Yingsuke (Papaveris Capsulum) (3 qian). Add white sugar before administration.
[No Appetite Method] Jiuxie Fang (Chronic Diarrhea Formula) - Nuomi (Glutinous Rice) (1 sheng, soaked in water overnight, stir-fried slowly until cooked, ground fine), Huaishanyao (Chinese Yam) (stir-fried, 1 liang, ground fine). Mix evenly, add white sugar and Chuanjiao (Sichuan Pepper) to mix and take.