论曰。察病机之要理。施品味之性用。然后明病之本焉。故治病不求其本。无以去深藏之大患。故掉眩收
引郁肿胀诸痛痒疮。皆根于内。夫百病之生也。皆生于风寒暑湿燥火。以知化之变也。经言盛者泻之。虚者
补之。余锡以方士。而方士用之。尚未能十全。余欲令要道必行。桴鼓相应。犹拔刺雪污。工巧神圣。可得备
闻。灵枢经曰。刺深而犹可拔。污深而犹可雪。庄子曰。雪犹洗也。岐伯曰。审察病机。无失气宜。此之谓也。
黄帝曰。愿闻病机何如。岐伯曰。诸风掉眩。皆属于肝。少虑无怒。风胜则动。肝者罢极之本。魂之居也。其
华在爪。其充在筋。以生血气。其味酸。其色苍。为将军之官。谋虑出焉。此为阴中之少阳。通于春气。其脉
弦。王注曰。肝有二布叶一小叶。如木甲拆
之状。故经所谓其用为动。乃木之为动。火太过之政。亦为动。盖火木之主暴速。所以掉眩也。掉摇也。眩昏
乱也。旋运皆生风故也。是以风火皆属阳。阳主动。其为病也。胃脘当心痛。上支两胁。隔咽不通。食饮不下。
甚则耳鸣眩转。目不识人。善暴僵仆。里急 戾。胁痛呕泄。甚则掉眩巅疾。两胁下痛引少腹。令人善怒。虚
则目识KT KT 无所见。耳无所闻。善恐如人将捕之。凡病肝木风疾者。以热为本。以风为标。故火本不燔。
遇风冽乃焰。肝本不甚热。因金衰而旺。肺金不胜心火。木来侮于金。故诸病作矣。其为治也。燥胜风。王注
曰。风自木生。燥为金化。风余则制之以燥。肝胜则治以清凉。清凉之气。金之气也。木气之下。金气承之。
又曰。风淫于内。治以辛凉。肝欲散。急食辛以散之。故木主生荣而主春。其性温。故风火则反凉而毁折。
是兼金化制其木也。故风病过极。而反中外燥涩。是反兼金化也。故非为金制其木。是甚则如此。中风偏枯者。
由心火暴盛。而水衰不能制。则火实克金。金不能平木。则肝木胜。而兼于火热。则卒暴僵仆。凡治消瘅仆击
偏枯痿厥气满。发肥贵膏粱之疾也。故此脏气平则敷和。太过则发生。不及则委和。
诸痛痒疮。皆属于心。静则神明。热胜则肿。心者生之本。神之变也。其华在面。其充在血脉。为阳中之
太阳。通于夏气。其脉钩。其味苦。其色赤。为君主之官。神明出焉。此为阳中之太阳也。王注曰。心形如未
敷莲花。中有九空。以导引天真之气。神之宇也。经所谓其用为燥。火性燥动。其明于外。热甚火赫。铄石流
金。火之极变也。燔 山川。旋反屋宇。火之灾眚也。故火非同水。水智而火愚。其性暴速。其为病也。当
胸中热嗌干。右 满。皮肤痛。寒热咳喘。唾血血泄。鼽衄嚏呕。溺色变。甚则疮痒 肿。肩背 缺盆中痛。
疡疹身热惊惑。恶寒战栗。谵妄衄蔑语笑。疮疡血流。狂妄目赤。胸中痛。胁支满。胁下痛。背膺肩甲
间痛。两臂内痛。虚则胸腹大。胁下与腰相引而痛。其为治也。以寒胜热。王注曰。小热之气。凉以和之。大
热之气。寒以取之。甚热之气。汗以发之。发之不尽。逆制之。制之不尽。求其属以衰之。又曰。用水之主。
以制阳光。经曰。气有多少。病有盛衰。治有缓急。方有大小。此之谓也。是以热淫于内。治以咸寒。佐以甘
苦。以酸收之。以苦发之。心欲软。急食咸以软之。君火之下。阴精承之。火气之下。水气承之。是故火主暴
虐。故燥万物者莫 乎火。夏月火热极甚。则天气熏和。而万物反润。以水出液。林木津流。及体热极而反汗
液出。是火极而反兼水化。俗以难辨。认是作非。不治已极。反攻王气。是不明标本。但随兼化之虚象。妄为
其治。反助其满而害于生命多矣。故此脏平则升明。太过则赫曦。不及则伏明。王注曰。百端之起。皆自心生。
诸湿肿满。皆属脾土。味和气化。湿胜则濡泄。脾者仓廪之本。营之居也。名曰器。能化糟粕。转味而入
出者也。其华在唇四白。其充在肌。其味甘。其色黄。故为仓廪之官。又名谏议之官。五味出焉。此至阴之类。
通于土气。为阴中至阴。脾也。其脉缓。王注曰。脾形象马蹄。内包胃脘。象土形也。其用为化。兼四气聚散。
复形群品。以主溉灌肝心肺肾。不主于时。寄旺四季。经所谓善不可见。恶者可见也。其变骤注。其灾霖溃。
其为病也。 肿骨痛阴淖。按之不得。腰脊头颈痛。时眩大便难。阴气不用饮。不欲食。咳唾则有血。积饮痞
膈中满。霍乱吐下。身重。善饥肌肉痿。足不收行。胁 呕吐。泄注下。王注曰。脾热则生湿。虚则腹满肠鸣
飧泄食不化者。有胃之寒者。有胃之热者。色白澄彻清冷。皆属于寒。色黄水赤混浊。皆属于热。故仲景曰。
邪热不杀谷。火性疾速。此之谓也。其为治也。风胜湿。湿自土生。风为木化。土余则制之以风。脾盛治之以
燥。故湿伤肉。湿胜则濡泄。甚则水闭 肿。王注曰。湿为水。水盛则肿。水下
形肉已消。又曰。湿气为淫。皆为肿满。但除其湿。肿满自衰。若湿气在上。以苦吐之。湿气在下。以苦泻之。
以淡渗之。治湿之法。不利小便。非其治也。故湿淫所胜。平以苦热。佐以酸辛。以苦燥之。以淡泄之。若湿
上甚而热。治以苦温。佐以甘辛。以汗为故而止。湿淫于内。治以苦热。佐以酸淡。以苦燥之。以淡泄之。脾
苦湿。急食苦以燥之。又曰。土气之下。木气承之。本草曰。燥可去湿。桑白皮赤小豆之属。王注曰。半身已
上。湿气有余。火气复郁。所以明其热能生湿。经所谓风寒在下。燥热在上。湿气在中。火游行其间。是亦热
之用矣。故土主沉 云雨而宏静。雨热极甚。则飘骤散落。是反兼风木制其土也。若脾热甚。土自邕。燥去其
湿。以寒除热。脾土气衰。以甘缓之。所以溏泄积饮痞隔肿满湿热干涸消渴。慎不可以温药补之。故积温成
热。性之温。乃胜气之药也。故此脏喜新而恶陈。常令滋泽。无使干涸。土平则备化。太过则敦阜。不及则卑
监。
诸气 郁病痿。皆属于肺金。（常清气利）燥胜则干。肺者气之本。魄之处也。其华在毛。其充在皮。其
味辛。其色白。而为相傅之官。治节出焉。为阳中之少阴。通于秋气。其脉毛。王注曰。肺之形。象人肩。二
布叶一小叶。中有二千四空行列。以分布诸脏清浊之气。经所谓其用为固。其变肃杀。其眚苍落。其为病也。
骨节内变。左 胁痛。寒清于中。感而疟。太凉革候。咳腹中鸣。注泻 溏。咳逆心胁满。引小腹善暴痛。
不可反侧。嗌干面尘色恶腰痛。丈夫 疝。妇人少腹痛。浮虚鼽尻阴股髀 。是病皴揭。实则喘厥逆气。肩
背痛。汗出尻阴股膝髀 足皆痛。虚则少气不能报息。耳聋嗌干。其为治也。热胜燥。燥自金生。热为火化。
金余则制之以火。肺胜则治之以苦。又曰。金气之下。火气承之。燥淫于内。治以苦温。佐以苦辛。以苦下之。
若肺气上逆。急食苦以泄之。王注曰。制燥之胜。必以苦温。故受干
病生焉。是以金主于秋而属阴。其气凉。凉极天气清明。而万物反燥。故燥若火。是金极而反兼火化也。故病血
液衰也。燥金之化极甚。则烦热气郁痿弱。而手足无力不能收持也。凡有声之痛。应金之气。故此脏平气则审
平。大过则坚成。不及则从革。
诸寒收引。皆属于肾水。（能养动耗）寒胜则浮。肾者主蛰。封藏之本。精之处也。其华在发。其充在骨。
其味咸。其色黑。为作强之官。伎巧出焉。为阴中之太阴。通于冬气。其脉石。王注曰。肾脏有二。形如豇豆
相并。而曲附于膂筋。外有脂裹。里白表黑。主藏精。故仙经曰。心为君火。肾为相火。是言在肾属火。而不
属水也。经所谓膻中者。臣使之官。喜乐出焉。故膻中者在乳之间。下合于肾。是火居水位。得升则喜乐出焉。
虽君相二火之气。论其五行造化之理。同为热也。故左肾属水。男子以藏精。女子以系胞。右肾属火。游行三
焦。兴衰之道由于此。故七节之旁。中有小心。是言命门相火也。经所谓其变凝冽。其眚冰雹。其为病也。寒
客心痛。腰腿痛。大关节不利。屈伸不便。若厥逆痞坚。腹满寝汗。实则腹大胫肿。喘咳身重。寝汗出憎风。
虚则胸中痛。大腹小腹痛。清厥意不乐。王注曰。大小腹。大小肠也。此所谓左肾水发痛也。若夫右肾命门相
火之为病。少气疮疡疥癣痈肿胁满。胸背首面四肢浮肿。腹胀呕逆。螈 骨痛节有动。注下温疟。腹中暴痛。
血溢流注精液。目赤心热。甚则瞀昧暴痛。瞀闷懊 。嚏呕疮疡惊燥。喉痹耳鸣。呕涌暴注。 螈暴死。瘤气结
核丹 。皆相火热之胜也。其为治也。寒胜热。燥胜寒。若热淫于内。治以咸寒。火淫所胜。平以咸冷。故相
火之下。水气承之。如寒淫于内。治以甘热。佐以苦辛。寒淫所胜。平以辛热。又曰。肾苦燥。急食辛以润之。
肾欲坚。急食苦以坚之。故水本寒。寒急则水冰如地而能载物。水发而雹雪。是水寒亢极。反
似克水之土化。是谓兼化也。所谓寒病极者。反肾满也。左肾不足。济之以水。右肾不足。济之以火。故此脏
水准则静顺。不及则涸流。太过则流衍。
诸厥固泄。皆属于下。厥谓气逆。固谓禁固。气逆则肝肾失守。失守则不能禁固。出入无度。燥湿不恒。
故气下则愈也。经所谓厥气上行。满脉去形。
诸痿喘呕。皆属于上。肺者脏之长也。为心之华盖。故肺热叶焦。发为痿 。是气郁不利。病喘息而呕也。
呕谓呕酸水。火气炎上之象也。胃膈热甚。则为呕也。若衰火之炎。痿 则愈。利肺之气。喘息自调也。道路
开通。吐呕则除。凡病呕涌溢食。皆属之火也。王注曰。内格呕逆。食不得入。是有火也。经所谓三阳有余。
则为痿易。王注曰。易有变常用。自痿弱无力也。故此者热之明矣。
诸热瞀螈。皆属于火。热气胜则浊乱昏昧也。瞀视乃昏也。经所谓病筋脉相引而急名曰螈者。故俗谓之搐
是也。热胜风搏。并于经络。故风主动而不宁。风火相乘。是以热瞀螈而生矣。治法祛风涤热之剂。折其火势。
热螈可立愈。若妄加灼火。或饮以发表之药。则取死不旋踵。
诸禁鼓栗。如丧神守。皆属于火。禁栗惊惑。如丧神守。悸动怔忪。皆热之内作。故治当以制火。制其神
守。血荣而愈也。
诸痉项强。皆属于湿。寒湿同性。水火同居。故足太阳膀胱经属水而位下。所以湿可伤也。其脉起目内 。
上额交于巅上。其支别从巅入络于脑。还出别下项。故主项强。太阳表中风。加之以湿。客于经中。内挟寒湿。
则筋脉抽急。故痉项强而不柔和也。此太阳寒湿。当详有汗无汗。治以流湿祛风缓发表而愈也。
诸逆冲上。皆属于火。冲攻也。气炎上。故作呕涌溢。食不
下也。
诸胀腹大。皆属于热。肺主于气。贵乎通畅。若热甚则郁于内。故肺胀而腹大。是以火主长而高茂。形现
彰显。升明舒荣。皆肿之象也。热去则见白利也。
诸躁狂越。皆属于火。胃实则四肢实而能登高也。故四肢者诸阳之本。经所谓阴不胜阳。则脉流薄疾。病
乃狂。是以阳盛则使人妄言骂詈。不避亲疏。神明之乱也。故上善若水。下愚若火。此之谓也。治之以补阴泻
阳。夺其食则病已。
诸暴强直。皆属于风。炎威而害也。强劲有力而不能和柔也。乃厥阴风木势甚而成此。王注曰。阳郁于内。
而阴行于外。千金曰。强直为风。治以泻火补金。木能自平也。
诸病有声。鼓之如鼓。皆属于热。腹胀大而鼓之有声如鼓者。热气甚则然也。经所谓热胜则肿。此之类也。
是以热气内郁。不散而聚。所以叩之如鼓也。诸腹胀大。皆为里证。何以明之。仲景曰。少阴病腹胀。不大便
者。急下之。宜大承气汤。所谓土坚胜水则干。急与大承气汤下之。以救肾水。故知无寒。其热明矣。
诸病 肿。疼酸惊骇。皆属于火。 肿热胜。内则阳气滞故也。疼酸由火实制金。不能平木。则木王而为
酸。酸者肝之味也。故经所谓二阳一阴发病。主惊骇。王注曰。肝主惊。然肝主之。原其本也。自心火甚则善
惊。所以惊则心动而不宁也。故火衰水准。治之本也。
诸转反戾。水液混浊。皆属于热。热气燥烁于筋。故筋转而痛。应风属于肝也。甚则吐不止。 热之气加
之以泄。湿胜也。若三气杂。乃为霍乱。故仲景曰。呕吐而利。名为霍乱。故有干霍乱。有湿霍乱。得其吐利。
邪气得出。名湿霍乱也。十存八九。若不得吐利。挥霍撩乱。邪无由出。名曰干霍乱。十无一生。二
者皆以冒暑中热。饮食不节。寒热气不调。清浊相干。阴阳乖隔。则为此病。若妄言寒者。大误矣。故热则小便
浑而不清。寒则洁而不浊。故井水煎汤沸。则自然混浊也。
诸病水液。澄彻清冷。皆属于寒。水液为病寒也。故水清净。其气寒冷。水谷不化而吐利。其色白而腥秽。
传化失常。食已不饥。虽有邪热不杀谷而不饥者。无倦而常好动。其便色黄而酸。王注曰。寒者上下所出。即
吐出溺出也。又法曰。小寒之气。温以和之。
论述说：审察病机的关键原理，运用药物的性味功效，然后才能明白疾病的根本。所以治疗疾病如果不探求其根本，就无法去除深藏体内的巨大隐患。因此，肢体震颤、头晕目眩、筋脉拘挛收缩、气机郁滞、肿胀以及各种疼痛、瘙痒、疮疡等症状，其根源都在体内。大凡各种疾病的发生，都源于风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六气的变化。医经上说：邪气盛的要用泻法，正气虚的要补益。我身为方士，将这些理论传授给方士们，但方士们使用这些方法时，还不能做到十全十美。我希望让关键的诊疗之道得以施行，疗效像敲鼓那样迅速响应，如同拔除刺入肉中的异物、洗去身上的污垢一样彻底，使医术达到精巧神圣的境界，这可以详尽地听闻。《灵枢经》说：针刺过深还可以拔出，污垢积深还可以洗净。《庄子》说：“雪”就是“洗”的意思。岐伯说：审察病机，不要违背气化的规律，说的就是这个道理。
黄帝说：我想听听关于病机的具体情况是怎样的。岐伯说：凡是风证引起的肢体震颤、头晕目眩，都归属于肝脏。肝主谋虑，若少思虑且无愤怒，风气偏胜则会导致肢体动摇。肝是身体耐受疲劳的根本，也是魂的居所。其荣华表现在指甲，其精气充养在筋脉，能够化生血气。其味酸，其色青（苍），被称为将军之官，谋略和思虑由此产生。这属于阴中之少阳，与春气相通。其脉象弦。王冰注解说：肝脏有两叶一大一小，形状像木甲剥落的样子。所以医经说它的作用是“动”，这是木气发动的表现。火气太过政令盛行，也表现为动。大概因为火和木的主气都是暴烈迅速的，所以出现震颤和眩晕。掉摇是指肢体抖动，眩晕是指头昏眼花、神志混乱，这都是因为旋转运动皆由风引起。因此风和火都归属于阳，阳主动。如果发生病变，会出现胃脘部当心而痛，向上支撑两胁，膈咽部不通畅，饮食难以下咽。严重时会出现耳鸣、头晕目眩、视物不清、不认识人，容易突然僵硬仆倒，腹中急迫拘急，胁痛、呕吐、泄泻，严重时出现震颤、眩晕及头顶部的疾病，两胁下疼痛牵引至小腹，使人容易发怒。如果肝气虚弱，则视力模糊、视物不明，听觉失灵，容易恐惧，好像有人要抓捕自己一样。凡是患有肝木风疾的病人，以热为本，以风为标。所以火本来不会自燃，遇到风才燃烧；肝本来不是特别热，是因为肺金衰弱而旺盛（此处指金不制木，或金衰导致木相对亢盛，原文逻辑稍显复杂，依文意理解为金衰木旺或金弱不能平木），肺金不能克制心火，木气反过来侮害肺金，所以各种疾病就产生了。对于这类疾病的治疗，燥能胜风。王冰注解说：风从木而生，燥由金所化。风有余则用燥气来制约它。肝气偏胜则用清凉之法治疗。清凉之气，是金的气化特性。木气之下，有金气承袭制约。又说：风气淫滥于体内，用辛凉的方法治疗。肝喜条达疏散，急需食用辛味食物来疏散它。所以木主生长繁荣而对应春季，其性温。因此风火致病反而需要凉药来抑制和折损，这是兼用了金气来制约木气。所以风病发展到极点，反而出现内外干燥涩滞的现象，这是反兼了金气的化象。这并不是因为金气制约了木气，而是病情极甚时的表现。中风半身不遂者，是由于心火突然亢盛，而肾水衰弱不能制约，导致火实克金，金不能平抑木，于是肝木偏胜，兼夹火热，从而突然僵硬仆倒。凡是治疗消渴、瘅热、仆击、偏枯、痿厥、气满等病，这些都是因肥甘厚味引发的疾病。所以这个脏腑气机平和则敷布调和，太过则发生升发过度，不及则委顿不和。
凡是疼痛、瘙痒、疮疡，都归属于心脏。心静则神明安宁，热邪偏胜则导致肿胀。心是生命的根本，神明的变化所在。其荣华表现在面色，其精气充养在血脉。它是阳中之太阳，与夏气相通。其脉象钩。其味苦，其色赤。被称为君主之官，神明由此产生。这属于阳中之太阳。王冰注解说：心脏形状像未开放的莲花，中有九个空窍，以引导天真之气，这是神的居所。医经说它的作用是“燥”。火性燥动，其光明显露于外，热极则火势赫烈，熔化石头、流化金属，这是火的极端变化。焚烧山川，随即反转屋宇，这是火的灾害。所以火不同于水，水有智慧而火愚钝。火的性质暴烈迅速。如果发生病变，会出现胸中发热、咽喉干燥、右胁胀满、皮肤疼痛、恶寒发热、咳嗽气喘、唾血或便血、鼻塞流涕或鼻出血、打喷嚏、呕吐、小便颜色改变。严重时出现疮疡瘙痒肿胀，肩背及缺盆中疼痛，痈疡疹子、身热、惊骇迷惑、恶寒战栗、胡言乱语、哭笑无常、疮疡流血、狂妄、目赤、胸中痛、胁肋支撑胀满、胁下痛、背部膺部肩胛间疼痛、两臂内侧疼痛。如果心气虚弱，则胸腹部胀大，胁下与腰部相互牵引而痛。对于这类疾病的治疗，用寒来胜热。王冰注解说：小热之气，用凉药调和；大热之气，用寒药攻取；甚热之气，用发汗法解除。发汗不尽，逆其势而制约；制约不尽，寻求其所属的脏腑以衰减病势。又说：用水的特性来制约阳光（火）。医经说：气有多少不同，病有盛衰之分，治有缓急之别，方有大小的区别。说的就是这个道理。因此热气淫滥于体内，用咸寒药物治疗，佐以甘苦，用酸味收敛，用苦味发散。心欲软坚，急需食用咸味来软坚散结。君火之下，有阴精承袭制约；火气之下，有水气承袭制约。所以火主暴虐，因此燥干万物没有比火更厉害的。夏季火热极盛时，天气熏蒸和暖，万物反而滋润，因为水出液，林木津液流动，以及人体热极而反出汗液，这是火极而反兼了水气的化象。世俗之人难以辨别，认非作是，不治疗已至极点的病，反而攻击王气，这是不明白标本，只跟随兼化产生的虚象妄加治疗，反而助长邪气而危害生命，太多了。所以这个脏腑平和则升明，太过则赫曦（盛大明亮），不及则伏明（光明隐伏）。王冰注解说：百端疾病的发生，都自心生。
凡是湿气引起的肿胀、胀满，都归属于脾土。五味和气化相关，湿邪偏胜则导致濡泄（稀溏泄泻）。脾是仓廪之本，营气居住的地方，名叫器，能消化糟粕，转化味道并出入代谢。其荣华表现在口唇四周，其精气充养在肌肉。其味甘，其色黄。所以称为仓廪之官，又名谏议之官，五味的生化由此而出。这属于至阴之类，与土气相通，是阴中之至阴，即脾。其脉象缓。王冰注解说：脾的形状像马蹄，内包胃脘，象征土的形态。它的作用是运化，兼有四气的聚散，复归形体群品，主要灌溉肝心肺肾，不单独主一时，寄旺于四季。医经说：善的一面不可见，恶的一面可见。它的变化是骤雨倾注，灾害是霖雨溃决。如果发生病变，会出现浮肿、骨痛、阴部潮湿淖烂，按之不得应手，腰脊头颈疼痛，时常眩晕、大便困难，阴气不用、饮水不欲食、咳唾带血、积饮痞隔、胸中胀满、霍乱吐泻、身体沉重、容易饥饿但肌肉萎缩、足部不收引行走不便、胁肋胀满呕吐、泄泻如水注下。王冰注解说：脾热则生湿，脾虚则腹满肠鸣、飧泄（完谷不化）、食物不消化。有胃寒的，也有胃热的。颜色白、清澈、澄冷，都属于寒；颜色黄、水赤、混浊，都属于热。所以张仲景说：邪热不能腐熟水谷，火性疾速，说的就是这个道理。对于这类疾病的治疗，风能胜湿。湿从土而生，风由木所化。土有余则用风来制约。脾盛则用燥法治疗。所以湿伤肌肉，湿邪偏胜则导致濡泄，严重时导致小便闭塞、水肿。王冰注解说：湿就是水，水盛则肿，水下形肉已消。又说：湿气淫滥，都会导致肿胀胀满。只要除去湿气，肿胀胀满自然衰退。如果湿气在上，用苦味催吐；湿气在下，用苦味泻下，用淡味渗利。治疗湿的方法，如果不通利小便，就不是正确的治法。所以湿气淫滥偏胜，用苦热药平调，佐以酸辛，用苦味燥湿，用淡味泄湿。如果湿气在上且伴有热，用苦温药治疗，佐以甘辛，以出汗为痊愈的标志。湿气淫滥于体内，用苦热药治疗，佐以酸淡，用苦味燥湿，用淡味泄湿。脾苦湿，急需食用苦味来燥湿。又说：土气之下，有木气承袭制约。本草说：燥可去湿，如桑白皮、赤小豆之类。王冰注解说：半身以上湿气有余，火气又郁结，所以说明热能生湿。医经说：风寒在下，燥热在上，湿气在中，火游行其间，这也是热的作用。所以土主沉降云雨而宏大宁静。雨热极盛时，则飘骤散落，这是反兼了风木之气来制约土气。如果脾热甚，土气自雍塞，用燥法去湿，用寒法除热。脾土气衰，用甘味缓和。所以溏泄、积饮、痞隔、肿胀胀满、湿热、干涸、消渴等病，千万不要用温药补益。因为积温会成热，温性是胜气的药物。所以这个脏腑喜新恶陈，常令滋润泽滑，不要使其干涸。土气平和则备化，太过则敦阜（高厚），不及则卑监（低陷）。
凡是气机郁滞、病痿，都归属于肺金。（常清气利）燥邪偏胜则导致干燥。肺是气的根本，魄的居所。其荣华表现在毫毛，其精气充养在皮肤。其味辛，其色白。被称为相傅之官，治理节度由此产生。它是阳中之少阴，与秋气相通。其脉象毛（浮）。王冰注解说：肺的形状，像人的肩膀，有两叶一大一小，中有二千四百个空窍行列，以分布各脏腑的清浊之气。医经说它的作用是“固”。它的变化是肃杀，灾害是草木苍老凋落。如果发生病变，会出现骨节内部变化，左侧胁痛，心中寒冷，感邪则患疟疾，寒气太凉改变气候，咳嗽腹中鸣响，泄泻稀溏，咳嗽气逆、心胁胀满，牵引小腹，容易突然疼痛，不能翻身侧卧，咽喉干燥，面色如蒙尘且色泽恶浊，腰痛，男子疝气，妇人少腹痛，浮虚、鼻塞、尻阴股髀部位不适。这是皮肤病变皴揭。实证则喘促、厥逆气上，肩背痛，出汗，尻阴股膝髀足皆痛。虚证则少气、不能深呼吸，耳聋，咽喉干燥。对于这类疾病的治疗，热能胜燥。燥从金而生，热由火所化。金有余则用火来制约。肺胜则用苦味治疗。又说：金气之下，有火气承袭制约。燥气淫滥于体内，用苦温药治疗，佐以苦辛，用苦味降下。如果肺气上逆，急需食用苦味来泄降。王冰注解说：制约燥的偏胜，必须用苦温。所以受干病生焉。因此金主秋季而属阴，其气凉。凉极则天气清明，万物反而干燥，所以燥像火，这是金极而反兼了火气的化象。所以病在血液衰少。燥金之化极盛，则烦热、气郁、痿弱，手足无力不能收持。凡是声音的病痛，应和金之气。所以这个脏腑平和之气则审平，太过则坚成，不及则从革。
凡是寒证引起的筋脉拘挛收缩，都归属于肾水。（能养动耗）寒邪偏胜则导致浮肿。肾主蛰伏，是封藏的根本，精的居所。其荣华表现在头发，其精气充养在骨骼。其味咸，其色黑。被称为作强之官，技巧由此产生。它是阴中之太阴，与冬气相通。其脉象石（沉）。王冰注解说：肾脏有两个，形状像豇豆并列，弯曲附着在脊柱筋上，外面有脂肪包裹，里面白外面黑，主藏精。所以仙经说：心为君火，肾为相火。这是说在肾中属于火，而不属于水。医经说：膻中是臣使之官，喜乐由此产生。所以膻中位于乳之间，下合于肾，这是火居水位，得升则喜乐产生。虽然君火和相火二气，论其五行造化之理，同为热。所以左肾属水，男子用以藏精，女子用以系胞。右肾属火，游行三焦，兴衰之道由此决定。所以第七椎旁，中有小心，这是说命门相火。医经说：它的变化是凝冽，灾害是冰雹。如果发生病变，寒邪客于心胸致心痛，腰腿痛，大关节不利，屈伸不便。如果厥逆痞坚，腹满、盗汗。实证则腹大、胫肿、喘咳、身重、盗汗出、憎风。虚证则胸中痛，大腹小腹痛，清厥、意志不乐。王冰注解说：大小腹，指大小肠。这所谓左肾水发病痛。如果是右肾命门相火引发的疾病，少气、疮疡、疥癣、痈肿、胁满、胸背首面四肢浮肿、腹胀呕逆、抽搐、骨痛、关节颤动、泄泻、温疟、腹中暴痛、血溢、流注精液、目赤、心热，严重时瞀昧、暴痛、瞀闷懊恼、打喷嚏呕吐、疮疡、惊燥、喉痹、耳鸣、呕吐涌出、暴注、抽搐、暴死、瘤气、结核、丹毒，都是相火偏胜所致。对于这类疾病的治疗，寒胜热，燥胜寒。如果热气淫滥于体内，用咸寒药治疗；火气淫滥偏胜，用咸冷药平调。所以相火之下，有水气承袭制约。如果寒气淫滥于体内，用甘热药治疗，佐以苦辛；寒气淫滥偏胜，用辛热药平调。又说：肾苦燥，急需食用辛味来润燥。肾欲坚固，急需食用苦味来坚阴。所以水本寒，寒急则水冰如地而能载物，水发则雹雪，这是水寒亢极，反似克水之土化，这叫兼化。所谓寒病极甚者，反现肾满之象。左肾不足，济之以水；右肾不足，济之以火。所以这个脏腑水准则静顺，不及则涸流，太过则流衍。
凡是厥证、便秘、泄泻，都归属于下部。厥是指气逆，固是指禁固。气逆则肝肾失守，失守则不能禁固，出入无度，燥湿不恒定。所以气下行则愈。医经说：厥气上行，充满经脉，脱离身形。
凡是痿证、喘证、呕吐，都归属于上部。肺是五脏之长，是心的华盖。所以肺热叶焦，发为痿躄。这是气机郁滞不利，病喘息而呕吐。呕吐是指呕酸水，是火气炎上的象。胃膈热甚，则为呕吐。如果衰减火的炎上，痿躄则痊愈，利肺气，喘息自然调和。道路开通，吐呕则消除。凡是呕吐涌溢食物的病，都归属于火。王冰注解说：内格呕逆，食物不得入，是有火。医经说：三阳有余，则为痿易。王冰注解说：易有变常用，自痿弱无力。所以这些是热的明显表现。
凡是热证引起的昏昧、抽搐，都归属于火。热气偏胜则浊乱昏昧。瞀视乃昏也。医经说：病筋脉相引而急名曰抽搐。所以俗称为搐。热胜风搏，并于经络，所以风主动而不宁。风火相乘，所以热、瞀、抽搐而产生。治法用祛风涤热的药剂，折其火势，热抽搐可立即痊愈。如果妄加火灸，或饮用发表的药物，则死亡就在眨眼之间。
凡是口噤、鼓颔、战栗，好像丧失神志控制，都归属于火。口噤、战栗、惊惑，好像丧失神志控制，悸动怔忪，都是热邪在内作祟。所以治疗应当制火，控制神志，血荣则痊愈。
凡是痉证、项强，都归属于湿。寒湿同性，水火同居。所以足太阳膀胱经属水而位下，所以湿可伤之。其脉起于目内眦，上额交于巅顶，其支别从巅入络于脑，还出别下项，所以主项强。太阳表中风，加上湿气，客于经中，内挟寒湿，则筋脉抽急，所以痉证项强而不柔和。这是太阳寒湿，应当详细分辨有汗无汗，治以流湿祛风，缓发表而痊愈。
凡是逆气冲上，都归属于火。冲攻也。气炎上，所以作呕吐涌溢，食物不下。
凡是肿胀、腹大，都归属于热。肺主气，贵在通畅。如果热甚则郁于内，所以肺胀而腹大。是以火主长而高茂，形现彰显，升明舒荣，都是肿的象。热去则见白利（白色下利）。
凡是躁动、狂越，都归属于火。胃实则四肢实而能登高。所以四肢是诸阳之本。医经说：阴不胜阳，则脉流薄疾，病乃狂。是以阳盛则使人妄言骂詈，不避亲疏，这是神明之乱。所以上善若水，下愚若火，说的就是这个道理。治之以补阴泻阳，夺其食则病已。
凡是突然发生的强直，都归属于风。炎威而害也。强劲有力而不能和柔。乃厥阴风木势甚而成此。王冰注解说：阳郁于内，而阴行于外。《千金方》说：强直为风。治以泻火补金，木能自平。
凡是病有声，叩之如鼓，都归属于热。腹胀大而叩之有声如鼓者，热气甚则然也。医经说：热胜则肿，此类也。是以热气内郁，不散而聚，所以叩之如鼓。诸腹胀大，皆为里证。何以明之？张仲景说：少阴病腹胀，不大便者，急下之，宜大承气汤。所谓土坚胜水则干，急与大承气汤下之，以救肾水。故知无寒，其热明矣。
凡是病见肿胀、疼酸、惊骇，都归属于火。肿胀热胜，内则阳气滞故也。疼酸由火实制金，不能平木，则木王而为酸。酸者肝之味也。所以医经说：二阳一阴发病，主惊骇。王冰注解说：肝主惊。然肝主之，原其本也。自心火甚则善惊，所以惊则心动而不宁也。故火衰水准，治之本也。
凡是转筋、反戾，水液混浊，都归属于热。热气燥烁于筋，故筋转而痛。应风属于肝也。甚则吐不止，热之气加之以泄，湿胜也。若三气杂，乃为霍乱。所以张仲景说：呕吐而利，名为霍乱。故有干霍乱，有湿霍乱。得其吐利，邪气得出，名湿霍乱也。十存八九。若不得吐利，挥霍撩乱，邪无由出，名曰干霍乱。十无一生。二者皆以冒暑中热，饮食不节，寒热气不调，清浊相干，阴阳乖隔，则为此病。若妄言寒者，大误矣。故热则小便浑而不清，寒则洁而不浊。故井水煎汤沸，则自然混浊也。
凡是病见水液，澄彻清冷，都归属于寒。水液为病寒也。故水清净，其气寒冷。水谷不化而吐利，其色白而腥秽，传化失常，食已不饥。虽有邪热不杀谷而不饥者，无倦而常好动，其便色黄而酸。王冰注解说：寒者上下所出，即吐出溺出也。又法曰：小寒之气，温以和之。
It is said: To examine the essential principles of pathogenesis, and to apply the nature and function of medicinal flavors, one can then understand the root of diseases. Therefore, if treating diseases without seeking their root, there is no way to remove deep-seated major ailments. Thus, symptoms such as tremors and dizziness (Zhenduan), contraction and drawing-in (Shouyin), stagnation, swelling, and various pains, itching, and sores all have their roots internally. The generation of all diseases arises from wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire, due to the changes in transformation. The classics state: "Excess should be drained, deficiency should be tonified." I, a physician, have passed these on to practitioners, yet when they use them, they are not always perfect. I desire that the essential methods must be effective, responding like a drumstick hitting a drum, pulling out thorns and washing away filth, achieving skillful and divine craftsmanship, which can be fully understood. The *Ling Shu* states: "If acupuncture is too deep, it can still be withdrawn; if dirt is deep, it can still be washed." The *Zhuangzi* says: "Xue" means "wash". Qibo said: "Examine the pathogenesis carefully, do not lose sight of the suitability of Qi." This is what is meant.
The Yellow Emperor said: I wish to hear about the specifics of pathogenesis. Qibo said: All wind syndromes causing tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver. With little deliberation and no anger, wind excess leads to movement. The Liver is the root of endurance, the residence of the Hun (Ethereal Soul). Its brilliance manifests in the nails, its essence fills the sinews, generating blood and Qi. Its flavor is sour, its color is green/cyan. It is called the General Official, from which strategy and deliberation emerge. This is Shaoyang within Yin, connecting with Spring Qi. Its pulse is Wiry (Xian). Wang Bing's commentary notes: The liver has two large lobes and one small lobe, resembling peeling wood bark. Hence the classic says its function is "movement," which is the movement of Wood. When Fire excess dominates, it also manifests as movement. Since Fire and Wood are characterized by suddenness and speed, tremors and dizziness occur. "Diaoyao" refers to shaking/trembling; "xuan" refers to dizziness and confusion. All rotation generates Wind. Therefore, Wind and Fire both belong to Yang, and Yang governs movement. Pathologically, this presents as epigastric pain corresponding to the heart, extending upward to support both hypochondria, blockage of the diaphragm and throat, inability to swallow food and drink. Severely, tinnitus, vertigo, blindness/inability to recognize people, sudden stiff collapse, abdominal urgency, strangulation, hypochondriac pain, vomiting, and diarrhea occur. Severely, tremors, dizziness, and head diseases arise; pain in both hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen causes irritability. Deficiency leads to blurred vision and inability to see, deafness, excessive fear as if being chased. For all Liver Wood wind diseases, Heat is the root, Wind is the branch. Fire does not burn spontaneously; it ignites when encountering wind. The Liver is not inherently hot; it becomes hyperactive due to Lung Metal deficiency. Lung Metal fails to control Heart Fire, and Wood insults Metal, causing these diseases. Treatment involves Dryness overcoming Wind. Wang Bing notes: Wind arises from Wood, Dryness transforms from Metal. Excess Wind is controlled by Dryness. Liver excess is treated with Cooling/Clearing. Cooling air is the Qi of Metal. Below Wood Qi, Metal Qi inherits and controls. Also: "When Wind floods internally, treat with Pungent-Cool." The Liver desires dispersal; urgently eat Pungent to disperse it. Wood governs growth and spring, its nature is Warm. Thus, Wind-Fire pathology requires Cooling to destroy/restrain, utilizing Metal Qi to control Wood. When Wind disease reaches extremes, it reverses into internal/external dryness and astringency, reversing to Metal Qi transformation. This is not Metal controlling Wood, but extreme severity. Apoplexy and hemiplegia result from sudden Heart Fire excess, where Water deficiency cannot control it, leading to Fire conquering Metal, Metal failing to level Wood, Wood winning, combined with Fire-Heat, causing sudden stiff collapse. Treating Xiao-Dan (wasting-thirst), Pu-Ji (collapse-strike), Pian-Gu (hemiplegia), Wei-Jue (flaccidity-cold limbs), Qi-Man (fullness) are diseases of fat, rich, and sweet foods. When this Zang Qi is peaceful, it spreads harmony; excess leads to over-generation; deficiency leads to languor.
All pains, itching, and sores belong to the Heart. Stillness brings Spirit brightness; Heat excess causes swelling. The Heart is the root of life, the variation of Spirit. Its brilliance manifests in the face, its essence fills the blood vessels. It is Taiyang within Yang, connecting with Summer Qi. Its pulse is Hooked (Gou). Its flavor is bitter, its color red. It is the Sovereign Official, from which Spirit emerges. Wang Bing notes: The heart shape resembles an unopened lotus, with nine cavities to guide Tianzhen Qi, the mansion of Spirit. The classic says its function is "Dryness." Fire nature is dry and moving, bright externally. Extreme heat makes Fire blazing, melting stone and flowing metal, the extreme change of Fire. Burning mountains and rivers, overturning houses, is Fire disaster. Fire differs from Water; Water is wise, Fire is foolish. Its nature is violent and fast. Pathology includes chest heat, dry throat, right hypochondriac fullness, skin pain, aversion to cold, fever, cough, asthma, hemoptysis, hematochezia, nasal congestion/epistaxis, sneezing, vomiting, urine color changes. Severely, sore itching/swelling, shoulder/back/clavicle pain, ulcers/rashes, fever,惊惧 (fright/confusion), aversion to cold, trembling, delirium, inappropriate laughter/crying, ulcer bleeding, madness, red eyes, chest pain, hypochondriac fullness/pain, back/chest/scapular pain, inner arm pain. Deficiency leads to large chest/abdomen, pain linking hypochondria and waist. Treatment uses Cold to overcome Heat. Wang Bing notes: Minor Heat is harmonized with Cool; Major Heat is taken with Cold; Severe Heat is released via sweating. If sweating fails, reverse-control it. If control fails, seek its affiliation to decline it. Also: Use Water's master to control Solar Fire. Classics say: Qi has degrees, disease has excess/deficiency, treatment has urgency, formulas have size. Internal Heat flooding is treated with Salty-Cold, assisted by Sweet-Bitter, astringed with Sour, dispersed with Bitter. Heart desires softening; urgently eat Salty to soften it. Below Jun-Huo, Yin Essence inherits. Below Fire Qi, Water Qi inherits. Fire is violent; nothing dries things more than Fire. In summer, extreme heat makes weather muggy, yet things become moist due to water fluids and tree sap. Extreme body heat causes sweat; this is Fire extreme reversing to Water transformation. Laypeople confuse this, mistaking non-truth for truth, failing to treat the extreme, attacking the ruling Qi, ignoring root/branch, following false images, aiding fullness and harming life. Peaceful Heart Qi ascends clearly; excess is blazing; deficiency is hidden light. Wang Bing notes: All diseases start from the Heart.
All dampness-induced swelling and fullness belong to Spleen Earth. Flavors harmonize Qi transformation; Damp excess causes loose stools. Spleen is the root of granaries, residence of Ying (Nutritive) Qi, named Qi, transforming dregs, entering/exiting flavors. Brilliance in lips, essence in muscles. Flavor sweet, color yellow. Granary Official, also Remonstrance Official, source of five flavors. It is Supreme Yin, connecting with Earth Qi, Yin among Supreme Yin (Spleen). Pulse is Slow (Huan). Wang Bing notes: Spleen shape like horse hoof, enclosing stomach, symbolizing Earth form. Function is transformation, gathering four Qi, shaping items, irrigating Liver/Heart/Lung/Kidney, not governing a specific season, flourishing in all four seasons. Classic: Good is unseen, bad is seen. Change is sudden rain, disaster is continuous rain. Pathology: Edema, bone pain, yin dampness, pressing yields no response, lumbar/spine/head/neck pain, dizziness, difficult defecation, Yin Qi dysfunction, anorexia, bloody sputum, fluid retention, epigastric fullness, cholera/vomiting/diarrhea, heavy body, hunger with muscle atrophy, foot weakness/walking difficulty, hypochondriac vomiting, watery diarrhea. Wang Bing notes: Spleen heat generates dampness; deficiency causes abdominal fullness, borborygmus, undigested stool. Stomach cold vs. heat: White/clear/cold indicates Cold; Yellow/red/muddy indicates Heat. Zhang Zhongjing said: Pathogenic heat does not digest grain; Fire nature is rapid. Treatment: Wind overcomes Damp. Damp arises from Earth, Wind from Wood. Earth excess is controlled by Wind. Spleen excess is treated with Dryness. Damp injures flesh; excess causes loose stools, severe urinary retention/edema. Wang Bing notes: Damp is Water; Water excess causes edema, wasting of flesh below. Damp flooding causes swelling/fullness. Remove dampness, swelling subsides. Upper damp: Purgative/Bitter emesis. Lower damp: Purgative/Bitter drainage, Light/Diffusing leaching. Treating damp without promoting urination is incorrect. Damp excess is balanced with Bitter-Warm, assisted by Sour-Pungent, dried with Bitter, drained with Light. Upper damp with heat: Bitter-Warm, assisted by Sweet-Pungent, stop at sweating. Internal damp: Bitter-Warm, assisted by Sour-Light, dried with Bitter, drained with Light. Spleen dislikes dampness; urgently eat Bitter to dry it. Below Earth Qi, Wood Qi inherits. Materia Medica: Dryness removes dampness (e.g., Bai Du Zi, Chi Xiao Dou). Wang Bing notes: Upper body damp excess with Fire depression shows Heat generates Damp. Classic: Wind-Cold below, Dryness-Heat above, Dampness middle, Fire travels between, using Heat. Earth governs sinking/clouds/rain, quiet. Extreme rain/heat scatters, reversing to Wind-Wood controlling Earth. Spleen heat: Earth stagnates, Dryness removes damp, Cold removes heat. Spleen Earth deficiency: Soothe with Sweet. Diarrhea, fluid retention, epigastric fullness, edema, damp-heat, dryness, wasting-thirst: Do NOT use Warm tonics. Accumulated warmth creates heat; Warm nature is a勝 (victorious) Qi drug. Spleen likes new, hates old, keeps moist, avoids dryness. Earth peace: Preparation/Transformation. Excess:敦阜 (High/Mound). Deficiency:卑监 (Low/Control).
All Qi stagnation and flaccidity belong to Lung Metal. (Clear Qi benefits). Dryness excess causes dryness. Lung is root of Qi, residence of Po (Corporeal Soul). Brilliance in hair, essence in skin. Flavor pungent, color white. Minister Official, governance emerges. Shaoyin within Yang, connects with Autumn Qi. Pulse is Hairy (Mao/Floating). Wang Bing notes: Lung shape like human shoulders, two lobes, 2400 cavities distributing clear/turbid Qi. Classic: Function is "Firmness." Change is肃杀 (Solemn/Killing), disaster is苍落 (Green/Falling). Pathology: Joint internal changes, left hypochondriac pain, cold in middle, malaria from cold, climate change, cough/bowel sounds, diarrhea/loose stool, cough/counterflow, chest/hypochondriac fullness, lower abdominal pain, inability to turn side, dry throat, dusty/ugly face, lumbar pain, male hernia, female lower abdominal pain, floating/deficient, nasal congestion, buttock/yin/thigh/leg discomfort. Skin cracking. Excess: Asthma, counterflow Qi, shoulder/back pain, sweating, buttock/yin/thigh/knee/leg/foot pain. Deficiency: Shortness of breath, inability to complete inhalation, deafness, dry throat. Treatment: Heat overcomes Dryness. Dryness from Metal, Heat from Fire. Metal excess controlled by Fire. Lung excess treated with Bitter. Below Metal Qi, Fire Qi inherits. Internal Dryness flooding: Bitter-Warm, assisted by Bitter-Pungent, descend with Bitter. Lung Qi counterflow: Urgently eat Bitter to drain. Wang Bing notes: Control Dryness excess with Bitter-Warm. Metal governs Autumn/Yin, Qi cool. Extreme cool clears sky, things dry; Dryness like Fire, Metal extreme reverses to Fire transformation. Blood/fluid depletion. Extreme Metal-Dryness causes irritability, heat, Qi stagnation, flaccidity, limb weakness. Sounds correspond to Metal Qi. Peaceful Qi: Shenping. Excess: Jiancheng. Deficiency: Conge.
All Cold-induced contraction belong to Kidney Water. (Nourishes movement, consumes). Cold excess causes floating/edema. Kidney governs hibernation, root of sealing/storing, residence of Jing (Essence). Brilliance in hair, essence in bones. Flavor salty, color black. Official of Strength, skills emerge. Taiyin within Yin, connects with Winter Qi. Pulse is Stone (Chen/Sinking). Wang Bing notes: Two kidneys, bean-shaped, attached to spine, fat-wrapped, white inside/black outside, storing Jing. Immortal texts: Heart is Jun-Huo (Monarch Fire), Kidney is Xiang-Huo (Minister Fire). Kidney belongs to Fire, not Water. Pericardium is Envoy Official, joy emerges. Pericardium between breasts, connects to Kidney, Fire in Water position, rising brings joy. Both Jun/Xiang Fire are Hot. Left Kidney Water: Men store Jing, women connect to uterus. Right Kidney Fire: Travels Sanjiao, rise/fall depends here. Seventh vertebra side has "Small Heart" (Mingmen Minister Fire). Classic: Change is freezing, disaster is hail. Pathology: Cold invading heart/chest pain, lumbar/leg pain, joint stiffness, flexion/extension difficulty, cold-limb/epigastric hardness, abdominal fullness, night sweats. Excess: Large abdomen, swollen calves, asthma/cough, heavy body, night sweats, aversion to wind. Deficiency: Chest pain, large/small abdominal pain, cold-limb, unhappy mind. Wang Bing notes: Large/Small abdomen = Large/Small Intestine. Left Kidney Water pain. Right Kidney Mingmen Fire disease: Shortness of breath, sores, scabies, abscesses, hypochondriac fullness, facial/limb edema, abdominal distension/vomiting, convulsions, bone/joint pain, diarrhea, warm malaria, sudden abdominal pain, hemorrhage, seminal emission, red eyes, heart heat, severe confusion/sudden pain, stuffiness/regret, sneezing/vomiting, sores, fright/dryness, bi-syndrome, tinnitus, vomiting/diarrhea, convulsions, sudden death, tumors/nodules/plums-pit qi, all Minister Fire excess. Treatment: Cold overcomes Heat, Dryness overcomes Cold. Internal Heat: Salty-Cold. Fire excess: Salty-Cold balance. Below Minister Fire, Water Qi inherits. Internal Cold: Sweet-Hot, assisted by Bitter-Pungent. Cold excess: Pungent-Hot balance. Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently eat Pungent to moisten. Kidney desires firmness; urgently eat Bitter to firm it. Water is Cold; extreme cold freezes earth-like, carrying objects; water rises as hail/snow, Water-Cold extreme reverses to Earth controlling Water (Jianhua). Extreme Cold shows Kidney fullness. Left Kidney deficiency: Tonify with Water. Right Kidney deficiency: Tonify with Fire. Water standard: Quiet/Obedient. Deficiency: Dry flow. Excess: Overflowing.
All Jue (reversal), constipation, and diarrhea belong to the Lower Jiao. Jue is Qi counterflow; Gu is confinement. Qi counterflow causes Liver/Kidney loss of control, inability to confine, unlimited exit/entry, unstable dryness/dampness. Qi descending heals. Classic: Jue Qi ascends, fills meridians, leaves form.
All Wei (flaccidity), asthma, and vomiting belong to the Upper Jiao. Lung is chief of Zang, canopy of Heart. Lung Heat scorches leaves, causing Wei Bi. Qi stagnation不利 (not smooth), asthma, vomiting. Vomiting sour water is Fire flaming up. Stomach/Diaphragm Heat causes vomiting. Reduce Fire flame, Wei Bi heals; benefit Lung Qi, asthma regulates. Path open, vomiting stops. All vomiting/overflowing food belongs to Fire. Wang Bing notes: Internal gridlock/vomiting, food cannot enter, is Fire. Classic: Three Yang excess causes Wei Yi (change/flaccidity). Wang Bing notes: Yi means changing routine, self-flaccidity/weakness. These are obvious Heat.
All Heat-induced Mao (confusion) and Chong (convulsion) belong to Fire. Heat excess causes turbid confusion. Mao vision is dimness. Classic: Tendon/vein pulling tight is Chong (convulsion),俗 called Chu (twitching). Heat excess fights Wind, enters meridians, Wind moves restlessly. Wind-Fire combine, causing Heat/Mao/Chong. Treat with dispelling Wind/cleansing Heat agents, break Fire势头 (momentum), Heat/Chong heals instantly. Moxibustion or releasing exterior drugs cause instant death.
All inhibition (Jin), drumming (Gu), and shivering (Li), losing spiritual control, belong to Fire. Jin/Li/fright/confusion, losing spiritual control, palpitations, are internal Heat. Treat by controlling Fire, controlling spiritual guard, Blood/Nourishment heals.
All Spasm (Jing) and neck stiffness belong to Dampness. Cold/Damp same nature, Water/Fire coexist. Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian belongs to Water, lower position, susceptible to Damp. Pulse starts inner eye, goes to vertex, enters brain, exits down neck, governing neck stiffness. Taiyang exterior Wind + Damp, entering meridian, internal Cold-Damp causes tendon spasm, Jing/Neck stiffness without flexibility. Taiyang Cold-Damp: Check sweat/no sweat. Treat by draining Damp/dispealing Wind, mild exterior release, heal.
All counterflow rushing up belong to Fire. Chong attacks. Qi flames up, causing vomiting/overflow, food not descending.
All swelling and large abdomen belong to Heat. Lung governs Qi, values smoothness. Heat excess stagnates internally, Lung swells, abdomen large. Fire governs growth/high, manifesting clearly, ascending/bright/glorious, all swelling images. Heat gone, white discharge appears.
All agitation, mania, and transgression belong to Fire. Stomach excess makes limbs strong, climbing high. Limbs are root of Yang. Classic: Yin cannot overcome Yang, pulses rush fast, disease becomes Mania. Yang excess causes talking/cursing indiscriminately, disorder of Spirit. Superior good like Water, inferior foolish like Fire. Treat by tonifying Yin/draining Yang, starve to cure.
All sudden stiffness belong to Wind. Harmful heat. Strong force, not flexible. Jueyin Wind-Wood excess causes this. Wang Bing notes: Yang trapped inside, Yin moves outside. *Qianjin Fang*: Stiffness is Wind. Treat by draining Fire/tonifying Metal, Wood balances itself.
All diseases with sound, drum-like percussion, belong to Heat. Abdominal distension, drum-like sound, Heat excess. Classic: Heat excess causes swelling. Abdominal distension is interior syndrome. Zhang Zhongjing: Shaoyin disease, abdominal distension, constipation, urgent purge, Da Cheng Qi Tang. Earth hardens overcoming Water drying, purge Da Cheng Qi Tang to save Kidney Water. No Cold, Heat evident.
All swelling, pain/soreness, fright/startle belong to Fire. Swelling Heat excess, internal Yang stagnation. Pain/soreness from Fire excess controlling Metal, failing to level Wood, Wood wins becoming Sour. Sour is Liver flavor. Classic: Yangming/Jueyin disease, main fright/startle. Wang Bing notes: Liver governs fright, root is Heart Fire excess causing fright, Heart moves/restless. Fire decline/Water level, treat root.
All twisting,反戾 (inversion), turbid fluids belong to Heat. Heat dries sinews, sinew twists/pains, corresponds to Wind/Liver. Severe vomiting, Heat/Qi + Diarrhea, Damp excess. Three Qi mixed = Cholera. Zhang Zhongjing: Vomiting/diarrhea = Cholera. Dry Cholera, Wet Cholera. Vomiting/diarrhea expels evil, Wet Cholera, 80-90 survive. No vomiting/diarrhea, chaotic, evil trapped, Dry Cholera, 0% survive. Both from summer-heat, irregular diet, cold/heat imbalance, clear/turbid conflict, Yin/Yang separation. Claiming Cold is error. Heat: Turbid urine. Cold: Clear urine. Boiling well water turns turbid.
All fluids, clear/cold, belong to Cold. Fluid disease is Cold. Water clear/cold. Undigested food vomiting/diarrhea, white/fishy smell, transmission failure, no hunger after eating. Even with pathogenic heat not digesting grain/non-hunger, no fatigue, active, yellow/sour stool. Wang Bing notes: Cold upper/lower exit = vomit/urinate. Method: Minor Cold harmonize with Warm.