论曰。虚损之疾寒热。因虚而感也。感寒则损阳。阳虚则阴盛。损自上而下。治之宜以辛甘淡。过于胃则
不可治也。感热则损阴。阴虚则阳盛。故损自下而上。治之宜以苦酸咸。过于脾则不可治也。自上而损者。
一损于肺。皮聚而毛落。二损损于心。血脉虚少。不能荣于脏腑。妇人月水不通。三损损于胃。饮食不为肌肤。
自下而损者。一损于肾。骨痿不能起于床。二损损于肝。筋缓不能自收持。三损损于脾。饮食不能消克。论曰。
心肺损而色蔽。肾肝损而形痿。谷不能化而脾损。感此病者。皆损之病也。渐渍之深。皆虚劳之疾也。
四君子汤 治肺损而皮聚毛落。益气可也。
白术 人参 黄 茯苓（各等分）
上为粗末。每服五六钱七钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓食远温服。
八物汤 治心肺虚损。皮聚而毛落。血脉虚损。妇人月水愆期。宜益气和血。
白术 人参 黄 茯苓 川芎 熟地黄 当归 芍药（各等分）
上粗末服五七钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓食后温服。
十全散 治心肺损及胃。饮食不为肌肤。宜益气和血调饮食。
白术 人参 黄 茯神 桂枝 熟地黄 当归 川芎 芍药 甘草（等分）
上为末。加生姜枣同煎。水一大盏。药五钱。煎至七分。食前。日三服。
金刚丸 治肾损。骨痿不能起于床。宜益精。
萆 杜仲（炒去丝） 苁蓉（酒浸） 菟丝子（酒浸等分）
上为细末。酒煮猪腰子为丸。每服五七十丸。空心酒下。
牛膝丸 治肾肝损。骨痿不能起于床。筋缓不能收持。宜益精缓中。
牛膝（酒浸） 萆 杜仲（炒去丝） 苁蓉（酒浸） 防风 菟丝子（酒浸） 白蒺藜（各等分）
桂枝（减半）
上细末。酒煮猪腰子。捣丸桐子大。空心酒下五七十丸。
煨肾丸 治肾肝损及脾损。谷不化。宜益精缓中消谷。
牛膝（酒浸） 萆 杜仲 苁蓉 菟丝子 防风 白蒺藜 胡芦巴 破故纸（等分） 桂（半之）
上和剂服饵如金刚丸法。腰痛不起者。甚效。
黑地黄丸。加五味子。名肾气丸。治阳盛阴虚。脾肾不足。
房室虚损。形瘦无力。面多青黄而无常色。宜此药养血益肾。
苍术（一斤米泔浸） 熟地黄（一斤） 川姜（冬一两夏五钱春七钱） 五味子（半斤）
上为细末。枣肉为丸。如梧子大。每服一百丸。至二百丸。食前米饮下或酒。治血虚久痔甚效。经曰。肾
苦燥。急食辛以润之。开腠理致津液通气。五味子味酸。故酸以收之。此虽阳盛不燥热。乃是五脏虚损于内。
故可益血收气也。此药类象神品药也。
治阳虚阴盛。心肺不足。宜八味丸。若形体瘦弱。无力多困。未知阴阳先损。夏月地黄丸。春秋宜肾气丸。
冬月宜八味丸。
论述说：虚损疾病中的寒热症状，是因为正气虚弱而感受外邪所致。感受寒邪则损伤阳气，阳气虚弱则阴气偏盛，这种损害从上焦向下焦发展，治疗应当使用辛、甘、淡味的药物；如果病势超过胃腑，则难以治愈。感受热邪则损伤阴液，阴液虚弱则阳气偏盛，因此损害从下焦向上焦发展，治疗应当使用苦、酸、咸味的药物；如果病势超过脾脏，则难以治愈。
从上往下损害的：第一层损害在肺，表现为皮肤聚缩、毫毛脱落；第二层损害在心，表现为血脉空虚减少，不能滋养脏腑，妇女月经不通；第三层损害在胃，表现为饮食无法转化为肌肉营养。
从下往上损害的：第一层损害在肾，表现为骨痿无力，不能起床；第二层损害在肝，表现为筋脉弛缓，不能自主收持肢体；第三层损害在脾，表现为饮食无法消化运化。
论述说：心肺受损则面色晦暗无光，肾肝受损则形体萎弱，水谷不能化生精微而脾脏受损，患有这些病症的，都属于虚损类的疾病。病情逐渐深入浸渍，都成为虚劳疾病。
八珍汤（注：原文为四君子汤加味或指代补气方，此处依原文译）：治疗肺脏受损导致皮肤聚缩、毫毛脱落。功效为益气。
药材：白术、人参、黄芪、茯苓（各等分）。
将上述药材捣成粗末，每次服用五六钱至七钱，用水一盏，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣，饭后稍久温服。
八物汤：治疗心肺虚损，表现为皮肤聚缩、毫毛脱落，血脉虚损，妇女月经延期。功效为益气和血。
药材：白术、人参、黄芪、茯苓、川芎、熟地黄、当归、芍药（各等分）。
将上述药材捣成粗末，每次服用五至七钱，用水一盏，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣，饭后温服。
十全散：治疗心肺受损波及胃腑，表现为饮食无法转化为肌肉营养。功效为益气和血，调理饮食。
药材：白术、人参、黄芪、茯神、桂枝、熟地黄、当归、川芎、芍药、甘草（等分）。
将上述药材研为细末，加入生姜、大枣同煎，用水一大盏，药量五钱，煎煮至七分满，饭前服用，每日三次。
金刚丸：治疗肾脏受损，表现为骨痿无力，不能起床。功效为益精。
药材：萆薢、杜仲（炒去丝）、肉苁蓉（酒浸）、菟丝子（酒浸，等分）。
将上述药材研为细末，用酒煮猪腰子制成丸药，每次服用五七十丸，空腹时以酒送服。
牛膝丸：治疗肾肝受损，表现为骨痿无力，不能起床，筋脉弛缓，不能自主收持。功效为益精，舒缓中焦。
药材：牛膝（酒浸）、萆薢、杜仲（炒去丝）、肉苁蓉（酒浸）、防风、菟丝子（酒浸）、白蒺藜（各等分），桂枝（减半）。
将上述药材研为细末，用酒煮猪腰子，捣烂制成如梧桐子大小的丸药，空腹时以酒送服五七十丸。
煨肾丸：治疗肾肝受损波及脾脏，表现为水谷不化。功效为益精，舒缓中焦，消食化谷。
药材：牛膝（酒浸）、萆薢、杜仲、肉苁蓉、菟丝子、防风、白蒺藜、胡芦巴、破故纸（即补骨脂，等分），桂枝（用量减半）。
按照金刚丸的方法调和制作并服用。对于腰痛不能起身者，效果显著。
黑地黄丸：加入五味子，名为肾气丸。治疗阳气偏盛、阴液不足，脾肾两虚。
症状包括房事过度导致的虚损，形体消瘦无力，面色青黄不定。适宜使用此药养血益肾。
药材：苍术（一斤，用米泔水浸泡）、熟地黄（一斤）、干姜（冬季一两，夏季五钱，春季七钱）、五味子（半斤）。
将上述药材研为细末，用枣肉制成如梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用一百丸，最多二百丸，饭前用米饮或酒送服。治疗血虚引起的长期痔疮非常有效。经文说：肾怕干燥，应急食辛味食物以滋润它，开发腠理，使津液流通，气机通畅。五味子味酸，所以用酸味来收敛它。虽然此证阳气偏盛但不燥热，乃是五脏内部虚损，所以可以益血收气。这类药物堪称神品。
治疗阳气虚弱、阴气偏盛，心肺不足，适宜使用八味丸（金匮肾气丸）。如果形体瘦弱，无力且多困倦，尚不清楚是阴阳哪一方先受损，夏季宜用地黄丸，春秋季节宜用肾气丸，冬季宜用八味丸。
It is stated that the chills and fever in deficiency consumption diseases arise from external pathogenic invasion due to deficiency. Invasion by cold damages Yang; when Yang is deficient, Yin becomes excessive. This damage proceeds from the upper jiao downwards, and treatment should employ acrid, sweet, and bland substances. If the pathology extends beyond the Stomach, it becomes incurable. Invasion by heat damages Yin; when Yin is deficient, Yang becomes excessive. Thus, this damage proceeds from the lower jiao upwards, and treatment should employ bitter, sour, and salty substances. If the pathology extends beyond the Spleen, it becomes incurable.
Damage proceeding from above:
First degree of damage affects the Lung, manifesting as gathered skin and falling lanugo (fine body hair).
Second degree of damage affects the Heart, manifesting as empty and scanty blood vessels, unable to nourish the Zang-Fu organs, and amenorrhea in women.
Third degree of damage affects the Stomach, manifesting as food intake failing to transform into muscle tissue.
Damage proceeding from below:
First degree of damage affects the Kidney, manifesting as bone atrophy with inability to rise from bed.
Second degree of damage affects the Liver, manifesting as flaccid sinews with inability to grasp or support oneself.
Third degree of damage affects the Spleen, manifesting as inability to digest and transport food.
It is stated: Damage to the Heart and Lung causes dull complexion; damage to the Kidney and Liver causes physical emaciation; failure to transform grain indicates Spleen damage. Those suffering from these conditions all suffer from deficiency consumption diseases. As these conditions deepen through gradual infiltration, they become chronic deficiency fatigue disorders.
Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction): Treats Lung damage with gathered skin and fallen lanugo. Its function is to tonify Qi.
Ingredients: Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu), Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Poria (Fuling) in equal parts.
Grind into coarse powder. Take 5-7 qian per dose. Add one cup of water, decoct until three-sevenths remain. Strain and take warm after meals.
Ba Wu Tang (Eight Substance Decoction): Treats Heart and Lung deficiency damage, manifested as gathered skin and fallen lanugo, empty and damaged blood vessels, and delayed menstruation in women. Its function is to tonify Qi and harmonize Blood.
Ingredients: Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu), Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Poria (Fuling), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao) in equal parts.
Grind into coarse powder. Take 5-7 qian per dose. Add one cup of water, decoct until three-sevenths remain. Strain and take warm after meals.
Shi Quan San (Ten Complete Powder): Treats Heart and Lung damage extending to the Stomach, manifested as food intake failing to transform into muscle tissue. Its function is to tonify Qi, harmonize Blood, and regulate digestion.
Ingredients: Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu), Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Poria (Fushen), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) in equal parts.
Grind into fine powder. Decoct together with fresh ginger and Chinese jujube. Use one large cup of water for five qian of herbs. Decoct until three-sevenths remain. Take before meals, three times daily.
Jin Gang Wan (Diamond Pill): Treats Kidney damage, manifested as bone atrophy with inability to rise from bed. Its function is to benefit Essence.
Ingredients: Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie), Eucommiae Cortex (Duzhong, stir-fried to remove silk fibers), Cistanches Herba (Rongrong, soaked in wine), Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi, soaked in wine) in equal parts.
Grind into fine powder. Make pills using pig kidneys boiled in wine. Take 50-70 pills per dose, taken with wine on an empty stomach.
Niu Xi Wan (Achyranthes Pill): Treats Kidney and Liver damage, manifested as bone atrophy with inability to rise from bed, and flaccid sinews with inability to grasp or support oneself. Its function is to benefit Essence and soothe the middle jiao.
Ingredients: Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi, soaked in wine), Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie), Eucommiae Cortex (Duzhong, stir-fried to remove silk fibers), Cistanches Herba (Rongrong, soaked in wine), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi, soaked in wine), Tribuli Fructus (Bajili) in equal parts; Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, half dosage).
Grind into fine powder. Boil pig kidneys in wine, mash, and make pills the size of sophora seeds. Take 50-70 pills with wine on an empty stomach.
Wei Shen Wan (Roasted Kidney Pill): Treats Kidney and Liver damage extending to Spleen damage, manifested as indigestion. Its function is to benefit Essence, soothe the middle jiao, and promote digestion.
Ingredients: Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi, soaked in wine), Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie), Eucommiae Cortex (Duzhong), Cistanches Herba (Rongrong), Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Tribuli Fructus (Bajili), Phaseoli Semen (Huluba), Psoraleae Fructus (Poguzhi) in equal parts; Cinnamon (half dosage).
Prepare and administer according to the method for Jin Gang Wan. It is highly effective for back pain with inability to rise.
Hei Di Huang Wan (Black Earth Yellow Earth Pill): Adding Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), it is named Shen Qi Wan. It treats excess Yang and deficient Yin, with insufficiency of the Spleen and Kidney.
Symptoms include deficiency damage from sexual excess, emaciated body with weakness, and a face that appears greenish-yellow without constant color. This medicine is suitable to nourish Blood and benefit the Kidney.
Ingredients: Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Cangzhu, one jin, soaked in rice washing water), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang, one jin), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Chuanjiang, one liang in winter, five qian in summer, seven qian in spring), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, half jin).
Grind into fine powder. Make pills using date paste, the size of sophora seeds. Take 100 pills, up to 200 pills, before meals with rice drink or wine. It is very effective for treating chronic hemorrhoids caused by Blood deficiency. The Classic states: "The Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently eat acrid substances to moisten it." This opens the interstices, promotes fluid secretion, and unblocks Qi. Schisandrae Fructus is sour, so acidity is used to astringe it. Although this condition involves excess Yang, it is not dry-heat; rather, it is internal deficiency damage of the Five Zang organs. Therefore, it can benefit Blood and gather Qi. This type of medicine is considered a divine preparation.
To treat Yang deficiency with Yin excess, and Heart and Lung insufficiency, Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) is suitable. If the body is emaciated and weak, with lethargy and drowsiness, and it is unknown whether Yin or Yang was damaged first: use Di Huang Wan in summer, Shen Qi Wan in spring and autumn, and Ba Wei Wan in winter.