尻 熊音。苦高反。简案说文。尻。HT 也。从尸。九声。广雅。尻。臀也。又增韵。丘刀切。脊梁
尽处。此与古义异。当考。
如重状 重。甲乙作肿。
太阳正经 经别篇曰。足太阳之正。别入于 中。高据
王注。为是。马张以为昆仑穴。误。
循循然 吴云。循循。渐也。言渐次不可以俯仰也。张云。迟滞貌。简按离合真邪论云。其行于脉中
循循然。当从吴注。
不可以顾 甲乙。顾上。有左右二字。
成骨 甲乙。作盛骨。吴云。成骨之端。阳关穴也。张同。志云。膝外廉阳陵泉之下。（当作上）有
独起之骨。为成骨。盖足少阳主骨。至此筋骨交会之处。楼氏纲目云。按此谓阳陵泉穴。简按甲乙。阳关。在
阳陵泉上三寸。犊鼻外陷者中。阳陵泉。在膝下一寸。 外廉陷者中。考王注。二穴并不相当。必是别穴。沈
氏释骨云。膝之上下内外。皆以髌为断。成骨之旁。 骨之端。不至上旁膝。膝。乃 之讹也。此说有理。
如有见者善悲 吴云。仲景所谓如见鬼状。是也。善悲者。阳明热甚。而神消亡也。经曰。神有余则
笑不休。不足则悲。此之谓也。
前 新校正云。 。甲乙作 。今甲乙作 。简按 。字书。牛脊骨。 。说文。胫端也。广雅。
胫也。然本经 通用。
上下和之 张云。兼上下巨虚而言也。志高同。
内踝上二 高云。左右太溪二 。简按当以复溜为正。
不可复也 甲乙。不上有虚字。马云。肾气不可复也。张同。高云。出血太多。至冬不可复藏也。
简按据甲乙。谓血虚不可复也。
如张弓弩弦 吴云。厥阴之脉。抵少腹。属肝。肝主筋。肝病则筋急。故令腰中如张弓弩弦。
刺厥阴之脉 简按新校正。脉。改络。经脉篇云。足厥
阴之别。名曰蠡沟。去内踝五寸。别走少阳。
踵 吴云。 。足腹也。 踵。足腹尽处也。
累累然 吴云。邪之所结。如波陇在络者。
善言默默然不慧 简按善言默默。诸家注属牵强。当仍全本删善字。义始通。志云。不慧。语言之
不明矣。○简按其病云云以下十五字。与前四经腰痛之例不同。恐是衍文。
解脉 高云。解。散也。解脉。周身横纹之脉。散于皮肤。太阳之所主也。志同。简按与王吴诸家少异。
膝筋肉分间 志云。太阳之委中穴也。楼云。愚按膝外廉筋肉分间。即委阳穴是也。
外廉 吴云。 。 中横纹也。廉。棱也。
善恐 吴云。太阳之脉络于肾。肾志恐。故善恐。张同。○简按有两解脉。全云。恐误未详。然考
其证候。及所刺穴道。俱属足太阳。故王以降。并无疑及者。
同阴之脉 马张仍王注。吴云。未详。然曰刺外踝绝骨之端。则足少阳之脉所抵耳。故王冰注。为
少阳之别络。简按经脉篇云。足少阳之脉。直下抵绝骨之端。吴证王注。原于此志云。跷脉有阴阳。男女阴阳。
经络交并。故为同阴之脉。高云。阳跷之脉。从阴出阳。故曰同阴。并误。
锤 玉篇。称锤也。广雅。权谓之锤。其形垂也。马根据太素作针。张云。如小锤居其中。重而痛也。
简按今从张注。
合 下间去地一尺所 新校正。及马张高。并为承山穴。志云。阳维起于诸阳之会。其脉发于足太
阳。金门穴。在足外踝下一寸五分。（诸家并云一寸。唯八脉考。为一寸五分。）上外踝七寸。会足少阳于阳
交。为阳维之 。（见甲乙）故当与太阳合 下间。而取之。盖取阳维之 也。 上踝七寸。是离地一尺所矣。
简按阳交在胫外侧。不宜曰 下间。志注未为得矣。所。许
同。详见通雅。
衡络之脉 志云。此论带脉为病。而令人腰痛也。衡。横也。带脉横络于腰间。故曰横络之脉。夫足
之三阳。循腰而下。足之三阴。及奇经之脉。皆循腰而上。病则上下不通。阴阳间阻。而为腰痛之证。简按此
胜于旧注。
不可以俯仰 甲乙。作得俯不得仰。为是。
阳筋之间 甲乙。筋之。作之筋。为是。
上 数寸衡居 马张仍王注。吴云。 阳。浮 委阳二穴也。上 数寸。上于委中数寸也。衡居。令
病患平坐也。志云。 阳。谓足太阳之浮 。高云。刺之在浮 会阳大筋之间。申明会阳之穴。上浮 数寸。
横居臀下也。简按数说未允。楼氏引王注云。今详委阳。正在 外廉横纹尽处是穴。非上 也。殷门。上 一
尺是穴。非数寸也。盖 阳筋者。按 内外廉。各有一大筋。上结于臀。今谓外廉之大筋。故曰阳筋也。上
数寸。于外廉大筋之两间。视其血络盛者横居。为二 出血。此说极是。甲乙别条。有殷门主之病候。与此同
当参考。
会阴之脉 马云。会阴者。本任脉经之穴名。督脉由会阴。而行于背。则会阴之脉。自腰下会于后阴
。其脉受邪。亦能使人腰痛也。高云。会阴。在大便之前。小便之后。任督二脉。相会于前后二阴间。故曰会阴。
漯漯然 甲乙。作 然。熊音。漯。徒合反。音踏。张。音磊。简按 漯。水攒聚貌。见木玄虚海赋注。
饮已欲走 高云。漯漯然汗出。阴气虚。而阴液外注也。汗干令人欲饮。饮已欲走。阳气虚。而阳
热外驰也。
直阳之脉 马吴张并据王注。高云。直阳。太阳与督脉相合之脉也。简按任脉与督脉相合之脉。盖
直值通用。（见于史
记宁成传。）遇也。即两脉会遇之义。新校正。直阳之脉。即会阴之脉。是也。王注骨空论云。任脉波脉督脉
者。一源而三歧也。以任脉循背者。谓之督脉。自少腹直上者。谓之任脉。是以背腹阴阳。别为名目尔。知是
二脉分歧之处。即其会遇之地。故名之会阴。亦名直阳耳。志云。会阳节后。当有刺条。刺直阳之前。宜有腰
痛。或简脱与。抑督与任交病。在阴而取之阳耶。此说近是。然未察直阳即会阴也。
跷上 下五寸 甲乙。五寸。作三所。高云。三 者。刺阳跷之申脉。太阳之 中。又跷上 下。各
相去五寸之承山。皆有血络横居。视其盛者刺其血。由此言之。则跷与 。及跷上 下。但刺横居之血络。不
必拘于穴也。
飞阳之脉 马云。本足太阳经穴名也。此穴为足太阳之络。别走少阴。吴张同。高云。飞阳。阴维之
脉也。阴维之脉。起于足少阴之筑宾。今曰飞阳者。经脉篇云。足太阳之别。名曰飞阳。去踝七寸。别走少阴。
是飞阳乃别出于太阳。而仍走少阴也。简按高志仍王注。考经脉篇。飞阳。在去踝七寸。且在少阴之后。而下
文云。在内踝上五寸。又云。少阴之前。乃知飞阳非太阳经之飞阳也。下文云。阴维之会。亦知飞阳是非阴维
之脉也。盖此指足厥阴蠡沟穴。经脉篇云。足厥阴之别。名曰蠡沟。去内踝五寸。别走少阳。从阴经而走阳经。
故名飞阳。义或取于此欤。前注恐误。
怫怫然 张云。言痛状如嗔愤也。
内踝上五寸 甲乙。作二寸。简按王注为复溜。故新校正。据甲乙改二寸。马张高并云。筑宾穴。简
按考甲乙诸书。筑宾穴云。在内踝上 分中。而不云在五寸。则其说难凭。
少阴之前 简按复溜筑宾。俱是少阴经穴。若根据前注。之前二字。属衍文。
阴维之会 简按甲乙云。筑宾。阴维之 。在足内踝上 分中。此谓刺内踝上五寸。与阴维之会二
穴。王意亦尔。
昌阳之脉 马云。昌阳。系足少阴肾经穴名。又名复溜。足少阴之脉。其直行者。从肾上贯肝膈。
入肺中。循喉咙。挟舌本。其支者。从肺出络心。注胸中。故昌阳之脉。令人腰痛。其痛引膺。以膺即胸之旁
也。张吴同。简按甲乙。复溜。一名昌阳。下文云。舌卷不能言。亦少阴所注故尔。今从马注。
反折 吴云。少阴合于太阳。故反折。
内筋 马云。以复溜在内筋中。为二 。其穴在踝上大筋之前。太阴经之后。踝上二寸所。张云。
内筋。筋之内也。即复溜穴。简按志高俱据王为交信。盖复溜交信。并在内踝上二寸。止隔一条筋。前是复溜。
后是交信。而此云昌阳之脉。当从马张。
大筋前太阴后 甲乙。无前太阴三字。当是脱文。
散脉 马云。愚于此节散脉有疑。何王注便以为足太阴之地机。遍考他处。又无散脉之说。但按地
机穴。亦治腰痛不可俯仰。故且从王注耳。吴云。散脉。阳明别络之散行者也。高云。冲脉也。冲脉起于胞中。
秉阴血而澹渗皮肤。一如太阳通体之解脉。故曰散脉。急不充于皮肤。故腰痛而身热。志同。简按高及志。以
同阴以下六条。为奇经八脉之义。故有此说。然冲脉不宜谓散脉。恐是强解。今从吴注。义具于下文。
膝前骨肉分间 吴云。阳明之脉。至气街而合。故令遗溲。阳明之脉。下膝膑中。循胫外廉。故刺
其处。张云。按此节似指阳明经为散脉。而王氏释为太阴。若乎有疑。但本篇独缺太阴刺法。而下文有云上热
刺足太阴者。若与此相照
应。及考之地机穴。主治腰痛。故今从王氏之注。高云。膝前之骨。犊鼻穴也。及肉分间。三里穴也。络外廉。
上廉穴也。简按张据马说从王注。虽似有理。然考甲乙。地机穴。在膝下五寸。焉得言膝前。故楼氏纲目云。
王注谓地机者。非也。既云膝前骨肉分间。络外廉束脉。当在三里阳陵泉三穴上之骨上。与膝分间是穴。横刺
三也。（三穴。当是二穴。或恐脱一穴名与。）此说颇有理。今从吴。以散脉为阳明之别络。从楼以膝前骨
肉分间。不拘于穴。为膝骨上肉分间横刺三 之义。高注三穴。于束脉之义未切贴。
束脉 吴云。以绳坚束之。视其波陇为 。简按此注不可从。
肉里之脉 吴云。未详。马张根据王注。志云。肉者分肉。里者肌肉之文理也。高云。里。理同。肉理。
肌肉之文理也。肉理之脉。外通于皮。内通于筋。腰痛不可以咳。不能外通于皮也。咳则筋缩急。不能内通于
筋也。简按诸说不一。今且从王注。
太阳之外少阳绝骨之后 甲乙。后。作端。简按本输篇云。阳辅。外踝之上。辅骨之前。及绝骨之端
也。气穴论云。分肉二穴。王注云。在足外踝上绝骨之端三分。筋肉分间。阳维脉气所发。新校正云。详处所。
疑是阳辅。今此节。甲乙作绝骨之端。明是阳辅。况筋缩急。胆病所主。宜无疑焉。高云。乃太阳附阳穴也。
此根据甲乙。云附阳。太阳前少阳后。而于筋缩急无所关。宜从王注。
KT KT 熊。音殊。如羽鸟飞。马云。成无己释伤寒论。以为伸颈之貌也。张云。凭伏貌。志云。
短羽之鸟。背强欲舒之象。简按通雅云。说文。KT 。鸟之短羽。飞KT KT 也。孙 收作KT 。韵会云。有
钩挑者。为几案之几。音寄。不钩挑
者为KT 。音朱。鸟短羽也。郑明选 言云。黄帝内经云。腰痛挟脊痛。至头KT KT 然。KT 。音 。鸟之
短羽者。人病头项强臂缩则似之。与几字不同。几字尾上引。KT 字则否。此宜以音朱为正。张似为KT 字而
释。盖本于本事方。（本事方。为几案之几。非也。当考。）
腰痛上寒 以下三十八字。又见于灵杂病篇。痛下更有痛字。吴云。皮肤上寒。是为寒包热。宜泻其
表。张云。上寒上热。皆以上体言也。高云。此言腰痛寒热。亦刺三阳三阴。不但三阳三阴之脉。令人腰痛而
始刺也。上文言六气。而不及太阴。故此亦不言太阴也。简按据灵枢。当从吴注。言三阳三阴。而不言太阴者。
必是脱文。
上热 灵枢。甲乙。上上。有痛字。吴云。皮肤上热。是为热实而达于表。宜泻其里。故刺足厥阴。
不可以俯仰 吴云。少阳之脉。行于身之两侧。故俯仰皆不利。张同。高云。阴阳枢转不和。故刺足
少阳。所以和其枢。而使阴阳旋转也。
中热而喘 张云。少阴主水。水病无以制火。故中热。
刺足少阴刺 中 张云。刺足之少阴。涌泉大钟悉主之。 中。委中也。简按吴云。少阴之 。水泉
也。志云。 。隙也。谓经穴之空隙为 。阴 者。足少阴之筑宾穴也。并误。
腰痛上寒不可顾 志云。此以下。至引脊内廉。刺足少阴。系衍文。（凡六十二字。）愚按王氏所取
之穴。不过承袭前人。或彼时俗在取。非出于经旨也。高云。衍文。旧本注云。古本并无。王氏所添也。简按
今从志高而不释。
控 不可以仰 马云。控。按也。简按缪刺论。腰痛上。有邪客于太阴之络七字。仰下。有息字。今
甲乙。仰上。无
俯字。与新校正所引异。控。吴张仍王注。今从之。
尾骶骨（尻，音xīu）。苦高反切。简案《说文解字》：尻，是脊骨的末端。从尸部，九声。《广雅》：尻，就是臀部。又《增韵》：丘刀切，是脊梁尽头之处。这与古义不同，应当考证。
像重物压着的样子。重，甲乙本写作“肿”。
足太阳膀胱经的正经。《经别篇》说：足太阳的正经，别行进入腘中。高保衡据王冰注认为正确。马莳、张景岳认为是昆仑穴，错误。
循序渐进地。吴崑说：循循，是逐渐的意思。指逐渐不能俯仰。张景岳说：迟缓滞涩的样子。简按《离合真邪论》说：“其行于脉中循循然”，应当依从吴崑的注释。
不能回头看。甲乙本在“顾”字上有“左右”二字。
成骨。甲乙本作“盛骨”。吴崑说：成骨的端点，是阳关穴。张景岳同此观点。张志聪说：膝外侧阳陵泉之下（应为上），有单独隆起的骨头，称为成骨。大概因为足少阳胆经主骨，到了这里筋骨交会的地方。楼氏《纲目》说：按此是指阳陵泉穴。简按甲乙本：阳关穴，在阳陵泉上三寸，犊鼻外侧凹陷处。阳陵泉穴，在膝下一寸，腓骨小头前下方凹陷处。考证王冰注，这两个穴位并不相当，必定是别的穴位。沈氏《释骨》说：膝的上下内外，都以髌骨为界限。成骨旁边，是胫骨的上端，不到达膝盖的外旁。“膝”字，是“胫”字的讹误。这种说法有理。
好像看见鬼怪一样，喜欢悲伤。吴崑说：就是仲景所说的“如见鬼状”。喜欢悲伤，是因为阳明热盛，导致神气消亡。经文说：神有余则笑个不停，不足则悲伤。说的就是这个道理。
脊柱前方。新校正说：原文缺字。甲乙本作“脊”。现在甲乙本作“脊”。简按：字书中，“脊”指牛脊骨。“胫”，《说文》指小腿下端。《广雅》指小腿。然而本经中“脊”与“胫”通用。
上下调和它。张景岳说：兼指上巨虚和下巨虚而言。张志聪同此观点。
内踝上二寸。高保衡说：左右太溪二穴。简按应当以复溜穴为正穴。
无法恢复。甲乙本在“不”字上没有“虚”字。马莳说：肾气无法恢复。张景岳同此观点。高保衡说：出血太多，到冬天无法再藏精。简按根据甲乙本，是说血虚无法恢复。
像拉开弓弩弦一样紧绷。吴崑说：厥阴经脉，抵少腹，属肝。肝主筋。肝病则筋急，所以令腰部像拉开弓弩弦一样紧绷。
刺厥阴之脉。简按新校正将“脉”改为“络”。《经脉篇》说：足厥阴之别，名叫蠡沟，距离内踝五寸，别走少阳经。
足底。吴崑说：足底叫踵。足底尽头处叫踵。
言语善变，沉默不语，神志不清。简按“善言默默”各家注解都牵强，应当仍保留全本删除“善”字，文义才通顺。张志聪说：不慧，指语言不明晰。○简按以下描述病情的十五个字，与前四条经络腰痛的体例不同，恐怕是衍文。
解脉。高保衡说：解，散也。解脉，是周身横纹的脉，散布于皮肤，是足太阳膀胱经所主的。张志聪同此观点。简按与王冰、吴崑等各家略有不同。
膝部筋肉分界之间。张志聪说：是太阳膀胱经的委中穴。楼氏说：愚按膝外侧筋肉分界间，就是委阳穴。
腓骨外缘。吴崑说：腓骨外缘。廉，棱也。
容易恐惧。吴崑说：太阳膀胱经脉络于肾。肾志为恐，所以容易恐惧。张景岳同此观点。○简按文中提到有两个“解脉”，全元起注云：恐怕有误，详情不详。然而考证其证候及所刺穴位，都属于足太阳膀胱经，所以自王冰以降，都没有人质疑这一点。
同阴之脉。马莳、张景岳仍依王冰注。吴崑说：不详。然而说刺外踝绝骨之端，则是足少阳胆经所到达的地方。所以王冰注说是少阳之别络。简按《经脉篇》说：足少阳之脉，直下抵绝骨之端。吴崑论证王注，原于此。张志聪说：跷脉有阴阳，男女阴阳经络交并，所以叫同阴之脉。高保衡说：阳跷之脉，从阴出阳，所以叫同阴。都错了。
锤。《玉篇》：称锤。《广雅》：权叫做锤。形状下垂。马莳根据《太素》作“针”。张景岳说：像小锤居其中，重而痛。简按现在依从张景岳的注释。
合阳穴下间，距离地面一尺左右。新校正：以及马莳、张景岳、高保衡，都认为是承山穴。张志聪说：阳维脉起于诸阳之会，其脉发于足太阳膀胱经的金门穴，在足外踝下一寸五分。（诸家都说一寸，只有《八脉考》说是一寸五分。）在外踝上七寸，与足少阳胆经的阳交穴相会，作为阳维脉的郄穴。（见于甲乙经）所以应当与太阳膀胱经的合阳穴下间相合而取穴。大概是取阳维脉的郄穴。外踝上七寸，就是离地一尺左右了。简按阳交穴在胫骨外侧，不宜说在下间，张志聪的注释不得当。所，许同音。详见《通雅》。
衡络之脉。张志聪说：此论述带脉为病，令人腰痛。衡，即横。带脉横络于腰间，所以叫横络之脉。足之三阳经，循腰向下；足之三阴经及奇经之脉，皆循腰向上。生病则上下不通，阴阳阻隔，从而成为腰痛证。简按这比旧注更好。
不能俯仰。甲乙本作“得俯不得仰”，这是正确的。
飞扬穴与阳筋之间。甲乙本“筋之”作“之筋”，这是正确的。
上方数寸，横向分布。马莳、张景岳仍依王冰注。吴崑说：飞扬、浮白、委阳二穴。上方数寸，即在委中上方数寸。横居，让病人平坐。张志聪说：飞扬，指足太阳膀胱经的浮络。高保衡说：刺在浮络与会阳大筋之间，申明会阳穴，在浮络上方数寸，横居臀下。简按几种说法都不妥当。楼氏引用王冰注说：现在详细考察委阳，正好在腘窝外缘横纹尽头处是穴，不在上方。殷门穴，在腘窝上一尺是穴，不是数寸。大概“阳筋”者，按腘窝内外侧，各有一根大筋，向上连接臀部。现在说的是外侧的大筋，所以叫阳筋。上方数寸，在外侧大筋的两间，观察其血络充盛的，横向分布，刺破两处出血。这种说法极是。甲乙经其他条目中，有殷门主治的病候，与此相同，应当参考。
会阴之脉。马莳说：会阴，本是任脉经的穴名。督脉由会阴而行于背部，则会阴之脉，自然从腰下会于后阴。其脉受邪，也能使人腰痛。高保衡说：会阴，在大便之前，小便之后。任督二脉，相会于前后二阴之间，所以叫会阴。
淋漓汗出的样子。甲乙本作“漯然”。熊音。漯，徒合反切，音踏。张景岳读音磊。简按“漯漯”，水聚集的样子。见木玄虚《海赋》注。
喝水后想走动。高保衡说：漯漯然汗出，是阴气虚，阴液外泄。汗干让人想喝水，喝水后想走动，是阳气虚，阳热外驰。
直阳之脉。马莳、吴崑、张景岳都依据王冰注。高保衡说：直阳，是太阳膀胱经与督脉相合的脉。简按任脉与督脉相合的脉，大概“直”与“值”通用（见于《史记·宁成传》）。遇也，即两脉会遇的意义。新校正说：直阳之脉，就是会阴之脉，是正确的。王冰注《骨空论》说：任脉、冲脉、督脉，一源而三歧。以循背者，谓之督脉；自少腹直上者，谓之任脉。是以背腹阴阳，分别名为目而已。知道这两脉分歧之处，就是它们会遇之地，所以名叫会阴，也叫直阳。张志聪说：会阳穴后，应当有刺条。刺直阳之前，适宜有腰痛。或者简略脱漏了吗？抑或是督脉与任脉交病，在阴而取之阳呢？这种说法接近真理。然而没有察觉直阳就是会阴。
跷脉上、下五寸。甲乙本“五寸”作“三所”。高保衡说：三所，是刺阳跷脉的申脉穴，太阳膀胱经的承山穴。又跷上、跷下，各相距五寸的承山穴，都有血络横居。观察其充盛的，刺其血。由此说来，则跷脉、承山穴，及跷上、跷下，只是刺横居的血络，不必拘泥于穴位。
飞阳之脉。马莳说：本是足太阳膀胱经的穴名。此穴为足太阳膀胱经的络穴，别走少阴肾经。吴崑、张景岳同此观点。高保衡说：飞阳，是阴维脉。阴维脉，起于足少阴肾经的筑宾穴。现在说飞阳，《经脉篇》说：足太阳之别，名叫飞阳，距离内踝七寸，别走少阴。是飞阳乃别出于太阳，而仍走少阴。简按高保衡、张志聪仍依王冰注。考证《经脉篇》，飞阳，在距离内踝七寸，且在少阴肾经之后。而下文说：在内踝上五寸。又说：少阴肾经之前。于是知道飞阳不是太阳膀胱经的飞阳。下文说：阴维之会。也知飞阳不是阴维脉。大概此处指足厥阴肝经的蠡沟穴。《经脉篇》说：足厥阴之别，名叫蠡沟，距离内踝五寸，别走少阳。从阴经而走阳经，所以名叫飞阳。义理或许取于此。前面的注释恐怕错误。
愤懑不安的样子。张景岳说：形容疼痛状态像嗔怒愤慨。
内踝上五寸。甲乙本作“二寸”。简按王冰注认为是复溜穴，所以新校正根据甲乙本改为二寸。马莳、张景岳、高保衡都说是筑宾穴。简按考证甲乙诸书，筑宾穴说：在内踝上四分中，而不说在五寸，那么他们的说法难以凭信。
少阴之前。简按复溜、筑宾，都是少阴肾经的穴位。如果根据前注，“之前”二字属于衍文。
阴维之会。简按甲乙经说：筑宾，是阴维之郄，在足内踝上四分中。此处说刺内踝上五寸，与阴维之会二穴。王冰的本意也是如此。
昌阳之脉。马莳说：昌阳，系足少阴肾经的穴名。又名复溜。足少阴肾经，其直行者，从肾上贯肝膈，入肺中，循喉咙，挟舌本。其支者，从肺出络心，注胸中。所以昌阳之脉，令人腰痛，疼痛牵引胸部，因为膺就是胸的旁边。张景岳、吴崑同此观点。简按甲乙本：复溜，一名昌阳。下文说：舌卷不能言，也是少阴经所注的缘故。现在依从马莳的注释。
内筋。马莳说：因为复溜在内筋中，刺两处。其穴在踝上大筋之前，太阴脾经之后，踝上二寸左右。张景岳说：内筋，筋之内也。即复溜穴。简按张志聪、高保衡都依据王冰注认为是交信穴。大概复溜、交信，都在内踝上二寸，只隔一条筋。前面是复溜，后面是交信。而此处说昌阳之脉，应当依从马莳、张景岳。
大筋前，太阴后。甲乙本没有“前太阴”三字，应当是脱文。
散脉。马莳说：我对此节散脉有疑问。为什么王冰注就以为是足太阴脾经的地机穴？遍考他处，又没有散脉的说法。但按地机穴，也治腰痛不可俯仰，所以暂且依从王冰注。吴崑说：散脉，是阳明胃经别络的散行者。高保衡说：是冲脉。冲脉起于胞中，秉阴血而澹渗皮肤，一如太阳膀胱经通体的解脉，所以叫散脉。急迫不充盈于皮肤，所以腰痛而身热。张志聪同此观点。简按高保衡、张志聪，将同阴以下六条，解释为奇经八脉的意义，所以有此说法。然而冲脉不宜称为散脉，恐怕是强行解释。现在依从吴崑注，义理具于下文。
膝前骨肉分界间。吴崑说：阳明胃经，至气街而合，所以令遗尿失禁。阳明胃经，下膝膑中，循胫外廉，所以刺其处。张景岳说：按此节似乎指阳明经为散脉，而王氏解释为太阴，似乎有疑。但本篇独缺太阴刺法，而下文有云上热刺足太阴者，若与此相呼应。及考地机穴，主治腰痛，所以现在依从王氏的注。高保衡说：膝前的骨，是犊鼻穴。及肉分间，是三里穴。络外廉，是上廉穴。简按张景岳依据马莳说从王冰注，虽似有理，然而考证甲乙本，地机穴，在膝下五寸，怎么能说膝前？所以楼氏《纲目》说：王冰注谓地机者，不对。既然说膝前骨肉分间，络外廉束脉，应当在三里、阳陵泉三穴上方的骨上，与膝分间是穴，横刺三处。（三穴，应当是二穴，或者恐怕脱漏一穴名。）这种说法很有道理。现在依从吴崑，以散脉为阳明之别络。依从楼氏，以膝前骨肉分间，不拘于穴，为膝骨上肉分间横刺三处的意义。高保衡注三穴，对于束脉的意义不够贴切。
束脉。吴崑说：用绳子紧紧束缚，观察其波浪垄起为束。简按这个注释不可依从。
肉里之脉。吴崑说：不详。马莳、张景岳依据王冰注。张志聪说：肉者分肉，里者肌肉之文理也。高保衡说：里，理同。肉理，肌肉之文理也。肉理之脉，外通于皮，内通于筋。腰痛不可以咳，不能外通于皮。咳则筋缩急，不能内通于筋。简按各种说法不一，现在暂且依从王冰注。
太阳膀胱经之外，少阳胆经绝骨之后。甲乙本“后”作“端”。简按《本输篇》说：阳辅，在外踝之上，辅骨之前，及绝骨之端。《气穴论》说：分肉二穴。王冰注说：在足外踝上绝骨之端三分，筋肉分间，阳维脉气所发。新校正说：详细考察处所，怀疑是阳辅。现在此节，甲乙本作绝骨之端，明是阳辅。况且筋缩急，是胆病所主，应该没有疑问。高保衡说：乃是太阳膀胱经的附阳穴。这是根据甲乙本，说附阳，在太阳前少阳后，而对于筋缩急无关紧要。应当依从王冰注。
KT KT（音zhū）。熊音殊。如羽鸟飞。马莳说：成无己解释《伤寒论》，认为是伸颈的样子。张景岳说：凭伏的样子。张志聪说：短羽之鸟，背强欲舒之象。简按《通雅》说：《说文》：KT KT，鸟之短羽，飞KT KT也。孙奭收作KT。《韵会》说：有钩挑者，为几案之几，音寄。不钩挑者为KT，音朱。鸟短羽也。郑明选《直言》说：黄帝内经云：腰痛挟脊痛，至头KT KT然。KT，音朱。鸟之短羽者，人病头项强臂缩则似之。与几字不同。几字尾上引，KT字则否。此处应当以音朱为正。张景岳似乎是KT字而解释，大概基于《本事方》。（《本事方》为几案之几，不对，应当考证。）
腰痛上部寒冷。以下三十八字，又见于《灵枢·杂病篇》。痛下更有痛字。吴崑说：皮肤上寒，是为寒包热，宜泻其表。张景岳说：上寒上热，皆以上体言也。高保衡说：此言腰痛寒热，亦刺三阳三阴，不但三阳三阴之脉令人腰痛而始刺也。上文言六气，而不及太阴，故此亦不言太阴也。简按据《灵枢》，应当依从吴崑注。言三阳三阴，而不言太阴者，必定是脱文。
上部发热。《灵枢》、甲乙本，上上，有痛字。吴崑说：皮肤上热，是为热实而达于表，宜泻其里。所以刺足厥阴肝经。
不能俯仰。吴崑说：少阳胆经，行于身之两侧，所以俯仰皆不利。张景岳同此观点。高保衡说：阴阳枢转不和，所以刺足少阳胆经，所以和其枢，而使阴阳旋转也。
中部发热而喘。张景岳说：少阴肾经主水，水病无以制火，所以中部发热。
刺足少阴肾经，刺郄中。张景岳说：刺足之少阴，涌泉、大钟悉主之。郄中，委中也。简按吴崑说：少阴之郄，是水泉穴。张志聪说：郄，隙也。谓经穴之空隙为郄。阴郄者，足少阴肾经的筑宾穴。都错了。
腰痛上部寒冷，不能回头看。张志聪说：此以下，至引脊内廉，刺足少阴肾经，系衍文。（凡六十二字。）愚按王氏所取之穴，不过承袭前人，或彼时俗在取，非出于经旨也。高保衡说：衍文。旧本注云：古本并无。王氏所添也。简按现在依从张志聪、高保衡而不解释。
控引，不可以仰卧。马莳说：控，按也。简按《缪刺论》，腰痛上，有邪客于太阴之络七字。仰下，有息字。现在甲乙本，仰上，无俯字，与新校正所引异。控，吴崑、张景岳仍依王冰注。现在依从之。
The sacrum (Kao, the end of the spine). Pronounced 'xiu'. The radical is 'corpse' (Shi), phonetic component 'nine'. *Guangya*: Kao is the buttock. *Zengyun*: Qiu dao cut, the end of the spinal column. This differs from ancient meanings and should be verified.
As if weighed down. 'Zhong' (heavy/swollen) is written as 'Zhong' (swelling) in the Jia-Yi edition.
The regular meridian of Foot-Taiyang. The *Jingbie Chapter* states: The regular pathway of Foot-Taiyang branches into the popliteal fossa. Gao Baoheng follows Wang Bing's commentary as correct. Ma Shi and Zhang Jingyue identify it as the Kunlun point, which is incorrect.
Gradually. Wu Kun explains: 'Xunxun' means gradually. It refers to the gradual inability to flex or extend. Zhang Jingyue describes it as a sluggish appearance. According to the *Lihé Zhenxie Chapter*: "When it moves within the vessels, it is xunxun." We should follow Wu Kun's annotation.
Unable to look back. In the Jia-Yi edition, the characters 'left and right' appear before 'Gu' (look back).
Chenggu (Bone of formation). The Jia-Yi edition writes 'Shenggu'. Wu Kun states: The end of Chenggu is the Yangguan point. Zhang Jingyue agrees. Zhang Zhicong says: Below (should be above) Yanglingquan on the lateral side of the knee, there is a protruding bone called Chenggu. Since Foot-Shaoyang governs bones, this is where tendons and bones intersect. Lou's *Gangmu* states: This refers to the Yanglingquan point. However, checking the Jia-Yi edition: Yangguan is 3 cun above Yanglingquan, in the depression lateral to Dubi. Yanglingquan is 1 cun below the knee, in the depression anterior-inferior to the head of the fibula. Examining Wang Bing's notes, these two points do not correspond; they must be different points. Shen's *Shigu* states: The upper and lower, medial and lateral aspects of the knee are demarcated by the patella. Beside Chenggu is the upper end of the tibia, not reaching the lateral side of the knee. The character 'Xi' (knee) is an error for 'Jing' (tibia). This explanation is reasonable.
Seeing phantoms and prone to sorrow. Wu Kun says: This is what Zhang Zhongjing referred to as "seeing ghosts." Prone to sorrow indicates excessive Heat in Yangming leading to the depletion of Spirit. The Classic states: Excess of Spirit leads to unceasing laughter; deficiency leads to sorrow. This is what is meant.
Anterior to the spine. The New Corrections note that the original text has a missing character. The Jia-Yi edition writes 'Ji' (spine). Currently, the Jia-Yi edition writes 'Ji'. Note: In dictionaries, 'Ji' refers to the backbone of an ox. 'Jing' (shank/calf), according to *Shuowen*, is the lower end of the leg. *Guangya* defines it as the shank. However, in this Classic, 'Ji' and 'Jing' are used interchangeably.
Harmonize it above and below. Zhang Jingyue explains: This refers to both Shangjuxu and Xiajuxu. Zhang Zhicong agrees.
At 2 cun above the medial malleolus. Gao Baoheng suggests Taixi bilaterally. However, we should consider Fuliu as the correct point.
Irreversible. The Jia-Yi edition lacks the character 'Xu' (deficiency) before 'Bu' (not). Ma Shi states: Kidney Qi cannot be restored. Zhang Jingyue agrees. Gao Baoheng states: Too much blood loss makes it impossible to store essence in winter. Based on the Jia-Yi edition, it refers to blood deficiency being irreversible.
Taut like a drawn bowstring. Wu Kun explains: The Jueyin meridian reaches the lower abdomen and connects to the Liver. The Liver governs tendons. Liver disease causes tendon tension, making the waist feel tight like a drawn bowstring.
Puncture the Jueyin meridian. The New Corrections change 'Mai' (vessel/meridian) to 'Luo' (collateral). The *Jingmai Chapter* states: The collateral branch of Foot-Jueyin is named Ligou, located 5 cun above the medial malleolus, branching to Shaoyang.
Heel sole. Wu Kun explains: The sole of the foot is called Zhong. The very end of the sole is also called Zhong.
Continuous/uninterrupted. Wu Kun explains: Pathogenic factors knotting, like waves rising in the collaterals.
Eloquent yet silent, lacking clarity. The annotations of various schools for "Shan yan mo mo" are forced. It is better to delete the character "Shan" as per the complete version for the meaning to make sense. Zhang Zhicong states: "Bu hui" means unclear speech. The following fifteen characters describing the pathology differ from the examples of the first four meridians causing low back pain and are likely interpolations.
Xie Mai (Loose/Dissipated Vessel). Gao Baoheng explains: Xie means scattered. Xie Mai refers to the vessels running horizontally across the body, scattered in the skin, governed by Foot-Taiyang. Zhang Zhicong agrees. This differs slightly from Wang Bing, Wu Kun, and others.
Between the muscles and bones at the knee. Zhang Zhicong identifies this as Weizhong (BL40) of the Foot-Taiyang meridian. Lou states: The space between muscle and bone on the lateral side of the knee is Weiyang (BL39).
Lateral edge of the fibula. Wu Kun explains: The lateral edge of the fibula. 'Lian' means edge/corner.
Prone to fear. Wu Kun explains: The Foot-Taiyang meridian connects to the Kidney. The emotion of the Kidney is fear, hence prone to fear. Zhang Jingyue agrees. There are mentions of two "Xie Mai" here; Quan Yuanzhi suspected an error. However, examining the symptoms and acupoints, they all belong to Foot-Taiyang, so no one since Wang Bing has questioned this.
Tongyin Mai (Same-Yin Vessel). Ma Shi and Zhang Jingyue follow Wang Bing. Wu Kun says: Unclear. However, since it mentions puncturing the end of the Jiegu (fibula) at the lateral malleolus, it corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyang meridian. Thus, Wang Bing's note that it is a collateral of Shaoyang is plausible. Zhang Zhicong argues that Qiao meridians have Yin and Yang, and male/female meridians intersect, hence "Tongyin." Gao Baoheng claims the Yang Qiao meridian goes from Yin to Yang, hence "Tongyin." Both are incorrect. The *Jingmai Chapter* states: The Foot-Shaoyang meridian descends straight to the end of the Jiegu. Wu Kun supports Wang Bing based on this.
Hammer. *Yupian*: A weight for a steelyard. *Guangya*: A weight is called a hammer. Its shape hangs down. Ma Shi follows *Taisu* reading it as "needle." Zhang Jingyue says: Like a small hammer placed in the middle, heavy and painful. We follow Zhang Jingyue's interpretation.
Below Heyang, about one chi from the ground. New Corrections, along with Ma Shi, Zhang Jingyue, and Gao Baoheng, identify this as Chengshan (BL57). Zhang Zhicong states: Yangwei starts at the meeting of Yang meridians, originating from Jinmen (BL63) of Foot-Taiyang. Jinmen is 1.5 cun below the lateral malleolus (most say 1 cun, only *Bamai Kao* says 1.5 cun). At 7 cun above the lateral malleolus, it meets Foot-Shaoyang at Yangjiao (GB35), serving as the Xi-cleft point of Yangwei. Therefore, it should be taken in conjunction with the area below Heyang of Foot-Taiyang, essentially targeting the Yangwei Xi-cleft. Seven cun above the lateral malleolus is about one chi from the ground. However, Yangjiao is on the lateral tibia, so saying it is "below" is inaccurate. Zhang Zhicong's note is not entirely correct. "Suo" sounds like "Xu". See *Tongya*.
Hengluo Mai (Horizontal Network Vessel). Zhang Zhicong states: This discusses Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel) pathology causing low back pain. Heng means horizontal. Dai Mai crosses horizontally around the waist, hence "Hengluo Mai." The three Yang meridians of the foot descend along the waist; the three Yin meridians and extraordinary vessels ascend along the waist. Disease causes blockage between upper and lower, Yin and Yang, resulting in low back pain. This interpretation is superior to older notes.
Cannot flex or extend. The Jia-Yi edition reads "Can flex but cannot extend," which is correct.
Between Feiyang and the Yang tendon. The Jia-Yi edition reads "Zhi jin" instead of "Jin zhi," which is correct.
Several cun above, distributed horizontally. Ma Shi and Zhang Jingyue follow Wang Bing. Wu Kun identifies Feiyang, Fuqiu, and Weiyang. "Several cun above" means several cun above Weizhong. "Heng ju" means having the patient sit flat. Zhang Zhicong identifies Feiyang as the floating collateral of Foot-Taiyang. Gao Baoheng states the puncture is between the floating collateral and the large tendon at Huiyang, several cun above the floating collateral, horizontally distributed under the buttocks. These explanations are unsatisfactory. Lou cites Wang Bing: Weiyang is exactly at the end of the transverse crease on the lateral side of the popliteal fossa, not above. Yinmen is one chi above the popliteal fossa, not several cun. "Yang jin" likely refers to the large tendons on either side of the popliteal fossa connecting to the buttocks. Specifically, the large tendon on the lateral side. "Several cun above" refers to the space between the two large tendons on the lateral side. Observe the distended blood vessels and puncture horizontally to bleed two sites. This explanation is very sound. Refer to Yinmen indications in other sections of Jia-Yi.
Huiyin Mai (Meeting Yin Vessel). Ma Shi states: Huiyin is originally a Ren Mai acupoint. Du Mai travels from Huiyin along the back. Thus, Huiyin Mai naturally meets the posterior orifice from the waist. Pathogens affecting this vessel can cause low back pain. Gao Baoheng states: Huiyin is located between the anus and urethra. Ren and Du meridians meet here, hence "Huiyin."
Profuse sweating. The Jia-Yi edition writes "Tan ran." Pronunciation varies. "Tan tan" describes water gathering. See Mu Xuanxu's *Hai Fu* commentary.
Drinking then wanting to walk. Gao Baoheng explains: Profuse sweating indicates Yin deficiency with external leakage of Yin fluids. Thirst after sweat drying indicates desire to drink. Wanting to walk after drinking indicates Yang deficiency with external dispersion of Yang heat.
Zhiyang Mai (Straight-Yang Vessel). Ma Shi, Wu Kun, and Zhang Jingyue follow Wang Bing. Gao Baoheng states: Zhiyang is the combined vessel of Taiyang and Du Mai. "Zhi" and "Zhi" (value/meet) are interchangeable. It implies the meeting of two vessels. New Corrections state: Zhiyang Mai is indeed Huiyin Mai. Wang Bing's note on *Gukong Lun* says: Ren, Chong, and Du originate from one source but branch into three. The part circulating the back is Du; the part rising straight from the lower abdomen is Ren. Thus, back and front Yin/Yang are named differently. The place where these two vessels diverge is where they meet, hence named Huiyin or Zhiyang. Zhang Zhicong suggests there might be a missing puncture instruction for Zhiyang after Huiyang, or it relates to intersection diseases. This is close to truth, but fails to realize Zhiyang is Huiyin.
Five cun above and below Qiao. The Jia-Yi edition reads "San suo" instead of "Wu cun." Gao Baoheng explains: San suo refers to puncturing Shenmai (BL62) of Yang Qiao and Chengshan (BL57) of Taiyang. Also, five cun above and below Qiao, there are horizontal blood vessels. Puncture the distended ones. Thus, one merely punctures horizontal blood vessels in Qiao, Chengshan, etc., without rigidly adhering to specific points.
Feiyang Mai (Flying-Yang Vessel). Ma Shi states: Originally a Foot-Taiyang acupoint, it is the Luo-connecting point branching to Shaoyin. Wu Kun and Zhang Jingyue agree. Gao Baoheng claims Feiyang is Yin Wei Mai, originating from Zubin (KI9) of Foot-Shaoyin. However, the *Jingmai Chapter* states: The collateral of Foot-Taiyang is named Feiyang, 7 cun above the ankle, branching to Shaoyin. Thus, Feiyang originates from Taiyang but travels to Shaoyin. Zhang Zhicong and Gao Baoheng follow Wang Bing. Checking *Jingmai*, Feiyang is 7 cun above the ankle, behind Shaoyin. Later text mentions 5 cun above the medial malleolus and "before Shaoyin." Therefore, this Feiyang is not the Taiyang Feiyang. Later text mentions "Meeting of Yin Wei," confirming this is not Yin Wei. It likely refers to Ligou (LR5) of Foot-Jueyin, which is 5 cun above the medial malleolus, branching to Shaoyang. Going from Yin to Yang, it is named Feiyang. Previous notes are likely erroneous.
Furiously agitated. Zhang Jingyue explains: Describes pain feeling like anger or indignation.
5 cun above the medial malleolus. The Jia-Yi edition reads "2 cun." Wang Bing identified this as Fuliu, so New Corrections changed it to 2 cun based on Jia-Yi. Ma Shi, Zhang Jingyue, and Gao Baoheng identify it as Zubin (KI9). However, Jia-Yi places Zubin at 4 fen above the medial malleolus, not 5 cun. Their claim is unreliable.
Before Shaoyin. Fuliu and Zubin are both Shaoyin points. If following previous notes, "before" is likely an interpolation.
Meeting of Yin Wei. Jia-Yi states: Zubin is the Xi-cleft of Yin Wei, located 4 fen above the medial malleolus. Here, it mentions puncturing 5 cun above the medial malleolus and the Meeting of Yin Wei. Wang Bing's intent aligns with this.
Changyang Mai. Ma Shi states: Changyang is an acupoint of Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, also known as Fuliu. The main pathway ascends from Kidney through Liver and Diaphragm to Lung, throat, and tongue root. The branch connects to Heart and Chest. Thus, Changyang Mai causes low back pain radiating to the chest (Ying). Zhang Jingyue and Wu Kun agree. Jia-Yi confirms Fuliu is also named Changyang. "Tongue rolling and inability to speak" is also attributed to Shaoyin. We follow Ma Shi.
Opisthotonos (Reverse folding). Wu Kun explains: Shaoyin combines with Taiyang, causing opisthotonos.
Inner tendon. Ma Shi states: Since Fuliu is within the inner tendon, puncture two sites. The point is anterior to the large tendon above the ankle, posterior to Taiyin, about 2 cun above the ankle. Zhang Jingyue states: Inner tendon means inside the tendon, i.e., Fuliu. Zhang Zhicong and Gao Baoheng follow Wang Bing identifying it as Jiaoxin. Fuliu and Jiaoxin are both 2 cun above the medial malleolus, separated by one tendon. Anterior is Fuliu, posterior is Jiaoxin. Given the mention of Changyang Mai, we follow Ma Shi and Zhang Jingyue.
Anterior to the large tendon, posterior to Taiyin. The Jia-Yi edition lacks "Anterior Taiyin," likely a lacuna.
San Mai (Scattered Vessel). Ma Shi doubts this. Wang Bing identifies it as Diji (SP8) of Foot-Taiyin. No other source mentions San Mai. Diji treats low back pain with inability to flex/extend, so Wang's view is tentatively accepted. Wu Kun states: San Mai is the scattered branch of the Yangming collateral. Gao Baoheng states: It is Chong Mai. Chong originates in the uterus, permeates the skin like Taiyang's Xie Mai, hence "San Mai." Deficiency causes low back pain and fever. Zhang Zhicong agrees. They interpret the six meridians below Tongyin as Extraordinary Vessels. However, calling Chong "San Mai" is forced. We follow Wu Kun.
Between bone and muscle anterior to the knee. Wu Kun states: Yangming converges at Qichuan, causing urinary incontinence. Yangming descends through the knee and runs along the lateral shin, so puncture there. Zhang Jingyue suggests this section refers to Yangming as San Mai, while Wang Bing interprets it as Taiyin. Since Taiyin puncture methods are missing here, and later text mentions treating upper heat by puncturing Foot-Taiyin, and Diji treats low back pain, Wang Bing's view is followed. Gao Baoheng identifies the bone anterior to the knee as Dubi (ST35), the muscle space as Zusanli (ST36), and the lateral collateral as Shanglian (ST34). Lou argues against Wang Bing: Diji is 5 cun below the knee, not anterior. He suggests puncturing horizontally between the bone and muscle above Zusanli and Yanglingquan. This is reasonable. We follow Wu Kun (Yangming collateral) and Lou (horizontal puncture between bone and muscle above the knee). Gao's three-point theory is less precise regarding "binding vessels."
Binding vessel. Wu Kun explains: Bind tightly with a rope to observe wave-like bulges. This annotation is rejected.
Rouli Mai (Muscle-Lining Vessel). Wu Kun: Unclear. Ma Shi and Zhang Jingyue follow Wang Bing. Zhang Zhicong: Rou is intermuscular space, Li is muscle texture. Gao Baoheng: Li is texture. Muscle-lining vessel connects externally to skin and internally to tendons. Low back pain prevents coughing because it cannot connect to skin; coughing contracts tendons, preventing connection to tendons. Various interpretations exist; we temporarily follow Wang Bing.
Outside Taiyang, behind the end of Jiegu of Shaoyang. The Jia-Yi edition reads "Duan" (end) instead of "Hou" (behind). *Benshu Chapter* states: Yangfu is above the lateral malleolus, anterior to the fibula, at the end of Jiegu. *Qixue Chapter* and Wang Bing's note suggest Fenrou points are 3 fen above Jiegu at the end, in the muscle space, where Yangwei qi emerges. New Corrections suspect this is Yangfu. Jia-Yi confirms "end of Jiegu," clearly Yangfu. Tendon contraction is a Gallbladder issue, supporting this. Gao Baoheng identifies it as Fuyang (BL59) of Taiyang, but this doesn't explain tendon contraction. Follow Wang Bing.
Short-winged bird flying. Ma Shi cites Cheng Wuji interpreting it as stretching the neck. Zhang Jingyue: Leaning forward posture. Zhang Zhicong: Short-winged bird, indicating stiff back wanting to stretch. *Tongya* clarifies: *Shuowen* describes short-winged birds flying. Characters vary in pronunciation (Zhu vs Ji). Zheng Mingxuan notes: The Classic describes stiffness resembling a short-winged bird, distinct from the table character "Ji." The pronunciation "Zhu" is correct. Zhang Jingyue's interpretation seems confused with the table character.
Upper cold in low back pain. These 38 characters also appear in *Lingshu·Zabing*. Wu Kun: Cold on the skin surface indicates cold wrapping heat; vent the exterior. Zhang Jingyue: Upper cold/heat refers to the upper body. Gao Baoheng: Treats cold/heat in low back by puncturing Three Yang and Three Yin, not just those causing pain. Taiyin is omitted here as it was omitted in the Six Qi discussion. Based on *Lingshu*, Wu Kun's note is correct; omission of Taiyin is likely a textual loss.
Upper heat. *Lingshu* and Jia-Yi add "pain" before "upper." Wu Kun: Heat on skin surface indicates excess heat reaching the exterior; vent the interior by puncturing Foot-Jueyin.
Cannot flex or extend. Wu Kun: Shaoyang runs along the sides of the body, hindering flexion/extension. Zhang Jingyue agrees. Gao Baoheng: Disharmony of Yin-Yang pivot; puncture Foot-Shaoyang to harmonize the pivot.
Internal heat and panting. Zhang Jingyue: Shaoyin governs Water. Water disease fails to control Fire, causing internal heat.
Puncture Foot-Shaoyin, puncture Xi-cleft center. Zhang Jingyue: Yongquan and Dazhong treat Foot-Shaoyin. Xi-cleft center is Weizhong. Wu Kun: Xi-cleft of Shaoyin is Shuiquan. Zhang Zhicong: Xi means gap, referring to Zubin. Both are incorrect.
Upper cold in low back pain, unable to look back. Zhang Zhicong: From here to "pulling the inner edge of the spine," the instruction to puncture Foot-Shaoyin is an interpolation (62 characters). Wang Bing's points may reflect popular practice rather than canonical intent. Gao Baoheng: Interpolation, added by Wang Bing. We follow Zhang/Gao without further explanation.
Pulling, unable to lie supine. Ma Shi: Kong means pressing/pulling. *Miocilun* mentions pathogen in Taiyin collateral causing low back pain. Jia-Yi lacks "flex" before "extend." Kong follows Wang Bing.