八极 庄子田子方。挥斥八极。神气不变。又天运。天有六极五常。音义。司马云。六极四方上下也。
青中主肝 高云。在色为青。在中主肝。
且复侍坐 诸本。且。作旦。当改。
一阳为游部 张云。少阳在侧。前行则会于阳明。后行则会于太阳。出入于二阳之间。故曰游部。志
云。游部者。游行于外内阴阳之间。外内皆有所居之部署。
此知五脏终始 吴云。由表而入。则始太阳。次少阳。终阳明。由里而出。则始阳明。次少阳。终太
阳。言五脏者。阳该阴也。张云。有阳则有阴。有表则有里。睹此三阳之义。则五脏之终始。可类求而知矣。
三阳为表 张云。三阳。误也。当作三阴。三阴。太阴也。太阴为诸阴之表。故曰。三阴为表。按阴
阳离合论曰。太阴为关。痿论曰。肺主身之皮毛。师传篇曰。肺为之盖。脾者主为卫。是手足三阴。皆可言表
也。下文所谓三阳三阴者。明列次序。本以释此。故此节。当为三阴无疑。王氏而下皆曰。三阳。太阳也。二
阴。少阴也。少阴与太阳为表里。故曰。三阳为表。二阴为里。其说若是。然六经皆有表里。何独言二经之表
里于此耶。盖未之详察耳。
一阴至绝作朔晦 马云。王注。以一阴至绝为读。作朔晦为读。又以却具合以正其理为句。义不通。
当言一阴至绝作为读。晦朔却具为读。合以正其理为句。岂知一阴至绝。而有复作之理。朔晦相生之妙。却具
于其中。而正此厥阴之
理也。正者。证也。简按王注义尤明备。马说却非也。王所引灵枢文。出阴阳系日月篇。
以正其理 张云。终始循环。气数具合。故得以正其造化之理矣。
弦急悬不绝 张云。悬。浮露如悬也。少阳之脉。其体乍数乍疏。乍短乍长。今则弦急如悬。其至不
绝。兼之上乘胃经。此木邪之胜。少阳病也。按以上三阳为病。皆言弦急者。盖弦属于肝。厥阴脉也。阴邪见
于阳分。非危则病。故特举为言。
三阴者六经之所主也 张云。三阴。太阴也。上文云。三阳为表。当作三阴者。其义即此。三阴之脏。
脾与肺也。肺主气。朝会百脉。脾属土。为万物之母。故三阴为六经之主。
上空志心 吴。改作志上控心。注云。志。谓肾气也。脾为坤土。有母万物之象。故六经受栽于脾。
而后治。是为六经所主。今其气上交于太阴寸口。脉来搏而沉。是脾家绝也。脾绝则肾无所畏。气上凌心。控
引心痛。肾主志。故曰志上控心。马云。所谓三阴者。在手则为手太阴肺经也。为手足六经之所主。正以百脉
朝会。皆交于手太阴经也。夫太阴之脉。浮涩为本。今见伏脉。又似鼓不浮。是肾脉干肺也。肾之神为志。肺
虚则肾虚。其志亦空虚无根据耳。曰上空者。盖肾神上薄也。曰志心者。志虽肾之神。而实心之所之之谓也。张
云。交于太阴。谓三阴脉至气口也。肺主轻浮。脾主和缓。其本脉也。今见伏鼓不浮。则阴盛阳衰矣。当病上
焦空虚。而脾肺之志。以及心神。为阴所伤。若致不足。故上空志心。按阴阳应象大论曰。肺在志为忧。脾在
志为思。心在志为喜。是皆五脏之志也。简按吴。空。作控。据王注。
而其注则根据杨义。然杨空字欠详。要之此一节。义不清晰。张义略通。
二阴至肺 张云。言肾脉之至气口也。经脉别论曰。二阴搏至。肾沉不浮者。是也。肾脉上行。其直
者。从肾上贯肝膈。入肺中。出气口。是二阴至肺也。肾主水。得肺气以行降下之令。通调水道。其气归膀胱
也。肺在上。肾在下。脾胃居中。主其升降之柄。故曰。外连脾胃也。外者。肾对脾言。即上文三阴为表。二
阴为里之义。
一阴独至 张云。厥阴脉胜也。经脉别论曰。一阴至。厥阴之治。是也。厥阴本脉。当软滑弦长。
阴中有阳。乃其正也。若一阴独至。则经绝于中。气浮于外。故不能鼓钩而滑。而但弦无胃。生意竭矣。简按
张注。经绝气浮为句。不鼓钩而滑为句。志高同。吴改作一阴独至。钩而滑。经绝气浮不鼓。不可从。
颂得 简按颂。似用切。音诵。
一阴为独使 马云。一阴者。即厥阴也。厥阴为里之游部。将军谋虑。所以为独使也。张云。使者。
交通终始之谓。阴尽阳生。惟厥阴主之。故为独使。
三阳一阴太阳脉胜 马云。此言膀胱与肝为病者。膀胱胜而肝负也。三阳者。足太阳膀胱经也。一
阴者。足厥阴肝经也。膀胱主病。而肝来侮之。则木来乘水。当是时。膀胱为表。肝为里。膀胱邪盛。有自表
之里之势。肝经不得而止之。致使内乱五脏之神。外有惊骇之状。金匮真言论曰。肝其病发惊骇。高。太阳。
改作太阴。简按高注义乖。今仍旧文。
二阴二阳病在肺 高。二阳。作三阳。注云。太阳之气。主皮毛者。肺之合。故二阴三阳相合。病
在肺也。二阴合三
阳而病肺。则三阳有余。二阴不足。故少阴脉沉也。简按旧注义通。未必改字。诸家仍王。
胜肺伤脾 张云。土邪伤水。故足少阴之脉沉。沉者。气衰不振之谓。然胃为脾腑。脾主四肢。火既
胜肺。胃复连脾。脾病则四肢亦病矣。简按高云。胜肺。犹言肺气胜也。误甚。
客游于心脘下空窍堤闭塞不通 马。心脘下句。空窍堤句。注云。少阴之气。客游于心脘之下。水来
侮火也。然阴气上游。胃不能制。肠胃空窍为堤。闭塞不通。高云。空窍。汗孔之窍也。堤。犹路也。少阴少
阳相合。阴胜其阳。故病出于少阴之肾。少阳三焦之脉。散络心包。出于胃脘。今少阴之气。客游于心脘下。
是阴客于阳。水胜其火。致三焦不能出气以温肌腠。一似空窍之路。闭塞不通。吴。阴气以下十字句。堤闭塞
不通五字句。注云。二阴。少阴肾气也。一阳。少阳胆气也。二气相搏。水不胜火。病出于肾。肾病则气逆。
而上实于心脘下之空窍。如堤防之横塞胸中。不得通塞。张同。堤下为句。简按王。阴气客游于心句。脘下空
窍句。今考文义。高注似是。但堤字注未稳。当从旧注。
四肢别离 吴云。胸中病。则四肢无以受气。故若别离于身。不为己有也。张云。清阳实四肢。阳
虚则四肢不为用。
一阴一阳代绝云云 高。此一项。移于上文一阴为独使之下。注云。旧本在四肢别离下。今改正于
此。张云。代绝者。二脏气伤。脉来变乱也。肝胆皆木。木生心火。病以阳衰。则阴气至心矣。吴云。阴气。
动气也。上下无常者。作辍无时也。出入不知者。端倪莫测也。简按吴阴气之解。未见所本。
皆在 吴云。在寸口也。张云。皆病也。简按志高以二
阳三阴为句。以至阴皆在为句。而注皆在。为脾胃之气皆在于中。其说迂回叵从。
阴不过阳 马云。胃脾肺经为病。则在阴经者。不能出过于阳以为和。在阳经者。不能入止于阴以为
和。阴阳之气。并至阻绝。张云。阴不过阳。则阴自为阴。不过入于阳分也。阳气不能止阴。则阳自为阳。不
留止阴分也。
浮为血瘕沉为脓 吴。浮沉改置。马云。 。腐同。张云。脉浮者。病当在外。而为血瘕。脉沉者。
病当在内。而为脓 。正以阴阳表里。不相交通。故脉证之反若此。
阴阳皆壮下至阴阳 张云。阴阳皆壮。则亢而为害。或以孤阴。或以孤阳。病之所及。下至阴阳。
盖男为阳道。女为阴器。隐曲不调。俱成大病也。
上合昭昭下合冥冥 张云。昭昭可见。冥冥可测。有阴阳之道在也。吴云。昭昭。天之道也。冥冥。
地之阴也。言脉之阴阳。合天地也。
遂合岁首 张。合。作至。高云。五脏五行。始于木。而终于水。犹四时始于春。而终于冬。遂合今
日孟春之岁首。简按阴阳皆壮以下文六句。与下文不相冒。且旨趣暧昧难晓。疑是他篇错简。今姑仍张注。
在理已尽草与柳叶皆杀 马云。冬三月之病。死证悉见。在理已尽。亦可延至地有草柳有叶之时。
其人始杀者。何也。有死征而有死脉也。以物生而人死。故亦以杀名之。向使交春之初。阳脉亦绝。有同阴脉。
止期在孟春而已。安能至此草柳俱见之日乎。张云。在理已尽。谓察其脉证之理。已无生意也。以冬之病而得
此。则凡草色之青。柳叶之见。阴阳气易。皆其死期。故云皆杀也。简按今仍王注。
春阴阳皆绝 马根据太素。删春字。吴张志高。并顺文释
之。今从马。
阳杀 马云。春三月为病者。正以其人秋冬夺于所用。阴气耗散。不能胜阳。故春虽非盛阳。交春
即病。为阳而死。名曰阳杀。张云。春月阳气方升。而病在阳者。故曰阳杀。杀者。衰也。高云。春三月之病。
阳气不生。故曰阳杀。杀。犹绝也。简按马张之注。义相反。今详马据王注。为病热而释之。义似长。仍从之。
草干 马云。若使其脉阴阳俱绝。则不能满此三月。而始死也。期在旧草尚干之时。即应死矣。无望
其草生柳叶之日也。简按王以降。并为深秋之节。然阴阳皆绝者。安有从春至深秋。而始死之理乎。虽旧草尚
干之解未允当。姑从马说。以俟后考。
至阴不过十日 张云。脾肾皆为至阴。夏三月。以阳盛之时。而脾肾伤极。则真阴败绝。天干易气。
不能堪矣。故不过十日也。高云。此夏三月之病。而有短期也。六月长夏。属于至阴。时当至阴。阳气尽浮于
外。夏三月而病不愈。交于至阴。不过十日死。李云。金匮真言论曰。脾为阴中之至阴。五脏六腑之本也。以
至阴之脏。而当阳极之时。苟犯死症。期在十日。
阴阳交期在 水 熊音。 。音廉。薄也。张云。 。音敛。清也。马云。其脉阳中有阴。是谓阴阳
交也。则脾未全绝。期在七月水生之候。其水 静之日而死矣。吴云。阴脉见于阳。阳脉见于阴。阴阳交易其
位。谓之阴阳交。 水。仲秋水寒之时也。言阴阳交易。既失其常。时当 水。则天地不交之时也。脉与天地
相违。短期不在是乎。高云。 。濂同。若越长夏。而至于秋。则为阴阳交。夏三月之病。而交于秋。期在濂
水而死。濂。犹清也。中秋。水天一色之时
也。简按 。薄冰也。潘岳寡妇赋。水 以微凝。乃言冬初之时也。正韵。濂。音廉。与 同。一曰。薄也。
其为清之义。未见所据。
三阳俱起 马云。三阳者。足太阳膀胱经也。膀胱病脉俱起。则膀胱属水。秋气属金。金能生水。
当不治自已也。吴云。俱起。手足俱起也。高云。三阳。谓太阳阳明少阳。故曰俱。后三阳。谓太阳。二阴。
谓少阴。故曰独也。
阴阳交合者 马云。若膀胱有阳病而见阴脉。有阴病而见阳脉。是阴阳相合。其证当行立坐卧。俱
不宁也。以金为主。当善调之而愈。吴云。谓阴阳之气交至。合而为病也。阴阳两伤。血气俱损。衰弱已甚。
故令动止艰难。立则不能坐。坐则不能起也。张云。秋气将敛未敛。故有阴阳交合为病者。则或精或气。必有
所伤。而致动止不利。盖阳胜阴。故立不能坐。阴胜阳。故坐不能起。
三阳独至 李云。阳。当作阴。阴病而当阴盛。则孤阴不生矣。冰坚如石之候。不能再生。即上文
三阳俱起。不治自愈。下文。二阴期在盛水。则此为三阴无疑。
期在石水 张云。三阳独至。阳亢阴竭之候也。阴竭在冬。本无生意。而孤阳遇水。终为扑灭。故
期在冰坚如石之时也。
二阴独至 张云。二阴。全元起本。作三阴。即所谓三阴并至。有阴无阳也。盛水者。正月雨水之
候。孤阴难以独立。故遇阳胜之时。则不能保其存也。
八极：出自《庄子·田子方》：“挥斥八极，神气不变。”又见于《天运》篇：“天有六极五常。”音义注释中，司马云：“六极指四方上下。”
且复侍坐：各版本中，“且”字多作“旦”，应当改正。
一阳为游部：张云：“少阳位于侧位，前行则会合于阳明，后行则会合于太阳，出入于二阳之间，所以称为游部。”志高云：“游部者，游行于内外阴阳之间。内外皆有所居之部署。”
此知五脏终始：吴云：“由表而入，则始于太阳，次为少阳，终于阳明；由里而出，则始于阳明，次为少阳，终于太阳。言五脏者，是因为阳包含阴。”张云：“有阳则有阴，有表则有里。通晓这三阳的意义，那么五脏的终始，就可以类推而知了。”
三阳为表：张云：“‘三阳’是误写，应当作‘三阴’。三阴即太阴。太阴是诸阴之表，所以说‘三阴为表’。”按《阴阳离合论》说：“太阴为关。”《痿论》说：“肺主身之皮毛。”《师传篇》说：“肺为之盖。”脾者主为卫。因此手足三阴都可以说是表。下文所说的三阳三阴，明确列出次序，本就是为了阐释这一点。所以这一节，应当确定为“三阴”无疑。王冰以下的人都说是“三阳，即太阳也。二阴，即少阴也。少阴与太阳为表里，所以说三阳为表，二阴为里。”他们的说法如此，然而六经都有表里，为何唯独在此处谈论这两经的表里呢？大概是没有详细考察罢了。
一阴至绝作朔晦：马云认为王注将“一阴至绝”和“作朔晦”分别断句，又将“却具合以正其理”作为一句，意义不通。应当读作“一阴至绝作为”，“晦朔却具为”，“合以正其理”为句。难道不知道一阴至于绝灭，而有复生的道理吗？朔晦相生的妙处，却具备在其中，从而纠正此厥阴之理。“正”即“证”。简按王注的意义尤为明备，马说却是错误的。王所引用的《灵枢》文字，出自《阴阳系日月》篇。
以正其理：张云：“终始循环，气数具备，所以能够端正造化的道理。”
弦急悬不绝：张云：“悬，指浮露如悬挂一般。少阳之脉，其体势忽快忽慢，忽短忽长。现在却像悬挂一样弦急，其脉搏不断。兼之上乘胃经，这是木邪胜克，属于少阳病。”按以上三阳为病，都提到弦急，因为弦脉属于肝，是厥阴之脉。阴邪出现在阳分，不是危重就是重病，所以特别提出来说。
三阴者六经之所主也：张云：“三阴，即太阴。上文说‘三阳为表’，应当作‘三阴’，其意义就在这里。三阴之脏，是脾与肺。肺主气，朝会百脉；脾属土，是万物之母。所以三阴是六经之主。”
上空志心：吴改作“志上控心”。注云：“志，指肾气。脾为坤土，有养育万物的象征，所以六经受裁制于脾，而后治理，这是六经所主。现在其气上交于太阴寸口，脉来搏动而沉，这是脾家绝症。脾绝则肾无所畏惧，气上凌心，牵引心痛。肾主志，所以叫‘志上控心’。”马云说：“所谓三阴，在手经则是手太阴肺经。为手足六经所主，正因为百脉朝会，都交于手太阴经。太阴之脉，以浮涩为本。现在见到伏脉，又似鼓动而不浮，这是肾脉干犯肺。肾之神为志，肺虚则肾虚，其志也空虚无根据。说‘上空’，大概是肾神上迫。说‘志心’，志虽然是肾之神，但实指心之所向。”张云：“交于太阴，谓三阴脉至气口。肺主轻浮，脾主和缓，这是它们的本脉。现在见到伏鼓不浮，则是阴盛阳衰。应当病在上焦空虚，而脾肺之志，以及心神，被阴所伤，导致不足。所以叫‘上空志心’。”按《阴阳应象大论》说：“肺在志为忧，脾在志为思，心在志为喜。”这些都是五脏之志。简按吴将“空”改为“控”，依据王注，而其注则根据杨义。然而杨的“空”字解释不详。总之这一节，意义不清晰，张义略通。
二阴至肺：张云：“言肾脉之至气口。《经脉别论》说：‘二阴搏至，肾沉不浮者’，就是这个意思。肾脉上行，其直行者，从肾上贯肝膈，入肺中，出气口，这就是二阴至肺。肾主水，得肺气以行降下之令，通调水道，其气归膀胱。肺在上，肾在下，脾胃居中，主其升降之柄，所以说‘外连脾胃’。外者，肾对脾而言，即上文‘三阴为表，二阴为里’的意义。”
一阴独至：张云：“厥阴脉胜。《经脉别论》说：‘一阴至，厥阴之治’，就是这个意思。厥阴本脉，应当软滑弦长，阴中有阳，这才是正的。如果一阴独至，则经绝于中，气浮于外，所以不能鼓钩而滑，而但弦无胃气，生意竭尽了。”简按张注，将“经绝气浮”为句，“不鼓钩而滑”为句，志高相同。吴改作“一阴独至，钩而滑，经绝气浮不鼓”，不可从。
颂得：简按“颂”，似乎用切音，音诵。
一阴为独使：马云：“一阴，即厥阴。厥阴为里之游部，将军谋虑，所以为独使。”张云：“使者，交通终始的意思。阴尽阳生，只有厥阴主管，所以为独使。”
三阳一阴太阳脉胜：马云：“此言膀胱与肝为病者，膀胱胜而肝负。三阳，即足太阳膀胱经。一阴，即足厥阴肝经。膀胱主病，而肝来侮之，则木来乘水。当此时，膀胱为表，肝为里。膀胱邪盛，有自表之里的趋势，肝经不得而止之，致使内乱五脏之神，外有惊骇之状。《金匮真言论》说：‘肝其病发惊骇。’高将‘太阳’改为‘太阴’。简按高注义乖谬，今仍旧文。”
二阴二阳病在肺：高将“二阳”作“三阳”。注云：“太阳之气，主皮毛者，肺之合。故二阴三阳相合，病在肺也。二阴合三阳而病肺，则三阳有余，二阴不足，故少阴脉沉也。”简按旧注义通，未必改字。诸家仍依王注。
胜肺伤脾：张云：“土邪伤水，所以足少阴之脉沉。沉者，气衰不振的意思。然而胃为脾腑，脾主四肢，火既胜肺，胃复连脾，脾病则四肢亦病了。”简按高云：“胜肺，犹言肺气胜也。”误得很。
客游于心脘下空窍堤闭塞不通：马注：“心脘下句，空窍堤句。”注云：“少阴之气，客游于心脘之下，水来侮火也。然阴气上游，胃不能制，肠胃空窍为堤，闭塞不通。”高云：“空窍，汗孔之窍也。堤，犹路也。少阴少阳相合，阴胜其阳，故病出于少阴之肾。少阳三焦之脉，散络心包，出于胃脘。今少阴之气，客游于心脘下，是阴客于阳，水胜其火，致三焦不能出气以温肌腠，一似空窍之路，闭塞不通。”吴注：“阴气以下十字句，堤闭塞不通五字句。”注云：“二阴，少阴肾气也。一阳，少阳胆气也。二气相搏，水不胜火，病出于肾。肾病则气逆，而上实于心脘下之空窍，如堤防之横塞胸中，不得通塞。”张同。堤下为句。简按王注：“阴气客游于心句，脘下空窍句。”今考文义，高注似是，但“堤”字注未稳，当从旧注。
四肢别离：吴云：“胸中病，则四肢无以受气，故若别离于身，不为己有也。”张云：“清阳实四肢，阳虚则四肢不为用。”
一阴一阳代绝云云：高将此一项，移于上文“一阴为独使”之下。注云：“旧本在四肢别离下，今改正于此。”张云：“代绝者，二脏气伤，脉来变乱也。肝胆皆木，木生心火，病以阳衰，则阴气至心矣。”吴云：“阴气，动气也。上下无常者，作辍无时也。出入不知者，端倪莫测也。”简按吴对阴气的解释，未见所本。
皆在：吴云：“在寸口也。”张云：“皆病也。”简按志高以“二阳三阴”为句，以至阴皆在为句，而注“皆在”，为脾胃之气皆在于中，其说迂回叵从。
阴不过阳：马云：“胃脾肺经为病，则在阴经者，不能出过于阳以为和；在阳经者，不能入止于阴以为和。阴阳之气，并至阻绝。”张云：“阴不过阳，则阴自为阴，不过入于阳分也。阳气不能止阴，则阳自为阳，不留止阴分也。”
浮为血瘕沉为脓 ：吴将“浮沉”改置。马云：“腐同。”张云：“脉浮者，病当在外，而为血瘕。脉沉者，病当在内，而为脓腐。正以阴阳表里，不相交通，故脉证之反若此。”
阴阳皆壮下至阴阳：张云：“阴阳皆壮，则亢而为害。或以孤阴，或以孤阳，病之所及，下至阴阳。盖男为阳道，女为阴器，隐曲不调，俱成大病也。”
上合昭昭下合冥冥：张云：“昭昭可见，冥冥可测，有阴阳之道在也。”吴云：“昭昭，天之道也。冥冥，地之阴也。言脉之阴阳，合天地也。”
遂合岁首：张将“合”作“至”。高云：“五脏五行，始于木而终于水，犹四时始于春而终于冬。遂合今日孟春之岁首。”简按“阴阳皆壮”以下文六句，与下文不相冒，且旨趣暧昧难晓，疑是他篇错简。今姑仍张注。
在理已尽草与柳叶皆杀：马云：“冬三月之病，死证悉见，在理已尽，亦可延至地有草柳有叶之时。其人始杀者，何也？有死征而有死脉也。以物生而人死，故亦以杀名之。向使交春之初，阳脉亦绝，有同阴脉，止期在孟春而已，安能至此草柳俱见之日乎？”张云：“在理已尽，谓察其脉证之理，已无生意也。以冬之病而得此，则凡草色之青，柳叶之见，阴阳气易，皆其死期，故云皆杀也。”简按今仍王注。
春阴阳皆绝：马根据《太素》，删去“春”字。吴、张、志高，并顺文释之。今从马。
阳杀：马云：“春三月为病者，正以其人秋冬夺于所用，阴气耗散，不能胜阳，故春虽非盛阳，交春即病，为阳而死，名曰阳杀。”张云：“春月阳气方升，而病在阳者，故曰阳杀。杀者，衰也。”高云：“春三月之病，阳气不生，故曰阳杀。杀，犹绝也。”简按马张之注，义相反。今详马据王注，为病热而释之，义似长，仍从之。
草干：马云：“若使其脉阴阳俱绝，则不能满此三月，而始死也。期在旧草尚干之时，即应死矣。无望其草生柳叶之日也。”简按王冰以降，并为深秋之节。然阴阳皆绝者，安有从春至深秋，而始死之理乎？虽旧草尚干之解未允当，姑从马说，以俟后考。
至阴不过十日：张云：“脾肾皆为至阴。夏三月，以阳盛之时，而脾肾伤极，则真阴败绝，天干易气，不能堪矣。故不过十日也。”高云：“此夏三月之病，而有短期也。六月长夏，属于至阴，时当至阴，阳气尽浮于外。夏三月而病不愈，交于至阴，不过十日死。”李云：“《金匮真言论》说：‘脾为阴中之至阴，五脏六腑之本也。’以至阴之脏，而当阳极之时，苟犯死症，期在十日。”
阴阳交期在 水 熊音。 。音廉。薄也。张云： 。音敛。清也。马云：“其脉阳中有阴，是谓阴阳交也。则脾未全绝，期在七月水生之候。其水 静之日而死矣。”吴云：“阴脉见于阳，阳脉见于阴，阴阳交易其位，谓之阴阳交。 水，仲秋水寒之时也。言阴阳交易，既失其常，时当 水，则天地不交之时也。脉与天地相违，短期不在是乎？”高云：“ 濂同。若越长夏，而至于秋，则为阴阳交。夏三月之病，而交于秋，期在濂水而死。濂，犹清也。中秋，水天一色之时也。”简按 为薄冰也。潘岳《寡妇赋》：“水 以微凝。”乃言冬初之时也。《正韵》：“濂，音廉。与 同。一曰：薄也。”其为清之义，未见所据。
三阳俱起：马云：“三阳，即足太阳膀胱经。膀胱病脉俱起，则膀胱属水，秋气属金，金能生水，当不治自已也。”吴云：“俱起，手足俱起也。”高云：“三阳，谓太阳阳明少阳，故曰俱。后三阳，谓太阳。二阴，谓少阴，故曰独也。”
阴阳交合者：马云：“若膀胱有阳病而见阴脉，有阴病而见阳脉，是阴阳相合，其证当行立坐卧，俱不宁也。以金为主，当善调之而愈。”吴云：“谓阴阳之气交至，合而为病也。阴阳两伤，血气俱损，衰弱已甚，故令动止艰难，立则不能坐，坐则不能起也。”张云：“秋气将敛未敛，故有阴阳交合为病者，则或精或气，必有所伤，而致动止不利。盖阳胜阴，故立不能坐；阴胜阳，故坐不能起。”
三阳独至：李云：“阳，当作阴。阴病而当阴盛，则孤阴不生矣。冰坚如石之候，不能再生。即上文‘三阳俱起，不治自愈’，下文‘二阴期在盛水’，则此为三阴无疑。”
期在石水：张云：“三阳独至，阳亢阴竭之候也。阴竭在冬，本无生意，而孤阳遇水，终为扑灭，故期在冰坚如石之时也。”
二阴独至：张云：“二阴，全元起本作三阴，即所谓三阴并至，有阴无阳也。盛水者，正月雨水之候。孤阴难以独立，故遇阳胜之时，则不能保其存也。”
Eight Extremities: From *Zhuangzi · Tianzi Fang*: "Waving and repelling the eight extremities, the spirit and qi remain unchanged." Also found in the *Tian Yun* chapter: "Heaven has six extremities and five constants." In the phonetic and semantic commentary, Sima Qian stated: "The six extremities refer to the four directions (north, south, east, west) and up and down."
Green corresponds to the Liver among the Zang Organs: Gao Yun stated: "Among the five colors, it is green; among the five Zang organs, it governs the Liver."
Furthermore, sitting in attendance: In various editions, the character "Qie" (且) is written as "Dan" (旦), which should be corrected.
One Yang as the Wandering Department: Zhang Yun stated: "Shao Yang (Lesser Yang) is located at the side. Moving forward, it meets with Yang Ming (Bright Yang); moving backward, it meets with Tai Yang (Greater Yang). It enters and exits between the two Yang channels. Therefore, it is called the 'Wandering Department'." Zhi Gao Yun stated: "The Wandering Department refers to traveling between the interior and exterior of Yin and Yang. Both interior and exterior have their respective stations and deployments."
This allows one to know the beginning and end of the Five Zang Organs: Wu Yun stated: "From the exterior entering the interior, it begins with Tai Yang, followed by Shao Yang, and ends with Yang Ming. From the interior emerging to the exterior, it begins with Yang Ming, followed by Shao Yang, and ends with Tai Yang. When speaking of the Five Zang organs, it is because Yang encompasses Yin." Zhang Yun stated: "Where there is Yang, there is Yin; where there is exterior, there is interior. Understanding the meaning of these three Yang channels allows one to deduce and know the beginning and end of the Five Zang organs by analogy."
Three Yang as the Exterior: Zhang Yun stated: "'Three Yang' is an error and should read 'Three Yin'. Three Yin refers to Tai Yin (Greater Yin). Tai Yin is the exterior of all Yin channels, hence it is said that 'Three Yin is the exterior'." According to the *Yin Yang Li He Lun* (Discourse on the Separation and Union of Yin and Yang): "Tai Yin serves as the gate." The *Wei Lun* (Discourse on Flaccidity Syndromes) states: "The Lung governs the skin and hair of the body." The *Shi Chuan Pian* (Chapter on Teacher-Student Instruction) states: "The Lung acts as a cover." The Spleen serves as the defense. Thus, the hand and foot Three Yin channels can all be described as exterior. The subsequent text mentions Three Yang and Three Yin, explicitly listing their order, originally to explain this point. Therefore, this section should undoubtedly be read as "Three Yin". Wang Bing and later commentators all stated: "Three Yang refers to Tai Yang. Two Yin refers to Shao Yin. Shao Yin and Tai Yang are exterior-interior pairs, hence it is said that 'Three Yang is the exterior, Two Yin is the interior'." Their reasoning is as follows. However, all six meridians have exterior-interior relationships. Why discuss only the exterior-interior relationship of these two meridians here? This is likely due to a lack of detailed examination.
One Yin to Extinction Resembles New Moon and Last Day of Month: Ma Yun criticized Wang Bing's annotation for reading "One Yin to extinction" and "Resembling new moon and last day of month" as separate phrases, and taking "Yet possessing together to rectify its principle" as a sentence, finding the meaning unclear. It should be read as "One Yin to extinction acting as", "Last day and new moon yet possessing together", and "Combining to rectify its principle" as the sentence. How could one not know that when One Yin reaches extinction, there is a principle of regeneration? The subtlety of the mutual generation of the last day and new moon is contained within, thereby rectifying the principle of Jue Yin (Terminal Yin). "Zheng" (Rectify/Correct) means "Zheng" (Evidence/Proof). Jian An noted that Wang Bing's annotation was particularly clear and complete, whereas Ma's theory was incorrect. The text cited by Wang Bing comes from the *Ling Shu · Yin Yang Xi Ri Yue* (Spiritual Pivot · Chapter on Yin and Yang Correlating with Days and Months).
To Rectify Its Principle: Zhang Yun stated: "Through continuous cycles, the numbers of Qi are complete, thus allowing one to rectify the principles of creation."
String-like, Urgent, Suspended, Unceasing: Zhang Yun stated: "'Suspended' refers to floating and exposed like hanging. The pulse of Shao Yang is sometimes rapid, sometimes slow; sometimes short, sometimes long. Now it is string-like and urgent as if suspended, with its arrival unceasing. Coupled with the influence of the Stomach channel, this indicates an excess of Wood pathogen, constituting a Shao Yang disease." Note that for the aforementioned diseases of the Three Yang, "string-like and urgent" are all mentioned. This is because the string-like pulse belongs to the Liver, which is the Jue Yin channel. When Yin pathogens appear in the Yang aspect, it is either critical or severe illness, so it is specifically highlighted.
Three Yin are the Masters of the Six Meridians: Zhang Yun stated: "Three Yin refers to Tai Yin. The previous text saying 'Three Yang is the exterior' should read 'Three Yin', and the meaning lies here. The Zang organs of Three Yin are the Spleen and Lung. The Lung governs Qi and convenes the hundred vessels; the Spleen belongs to Earth and is the mother of all things. Therefore, Three Yin are the masters of the Six Meridians."
Empty Above, Will Controls Heart: Wu changed it to "Will Upward Controls Heart". The annotation states: "'Will' refers to Kidney Qi. The Spleen is Kun Earth, symbolizing the nurturing of all things, so the Six Meridians are regulated by the Spleen before being governed. This makes them the masters of the Six Meridians. Now its Qi connects upward to the Cunkou position of the Tai Yin channel. The pulse beats and is deep, indicating the extinction of Spleen Qi. When the Spleen extinguishes, the Kidney has nothing to fear. Qi ascends to overwhelm the Heart, pulling causing heart pain. The Kidney governs Will, hence it is called 'Will Upward Controls Heart'." Ma Yun said: "When speaking of Three Yin, in the hand channels, it is the Hand Tai Yin Lung Channel. It is the master of the hand and foot Six Meridians precisely because the hundred vessels convene and intersect with the Hand Tai Yin channel. The Tai Yin pulse should be floating and choppy as its root. Now seeing a hidden pulse, resembling drumming but not floating, this is the Kidney pulse interfering with the Lung. The spirit of the Kidney is Will. If the Lung is deficient, the Kidney becomes deficient, and its Will is also empty and baseless. Saying 'Empty Above' implies the Kidney spirit pressing upward. Saying 'Will Heart' means although Will is the spirit of the Kidney, it actually refers to what the Heart directs." Zhang Yun stated: "Connecting to Tai Yin means the Three Yin pulse arrives at the Qi Kou position. The Lung governs lightness and floating; the Spleen governs harmony and slowness; these are their fundamental pulses. Now seeing a hidden, drumming pulse without floating, this indicates Yin excess and Yang deficiency. One should suffer from emptiness in the Upper Jiao, and the Will of the Spleen and Lung, as well as the Heart Spirit, are injured by Yin, leading to insufficiency. Hence it is called 'Empty Above, Will Controls Heart'." According to the *Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun* (Great Discourse on Yin and Yang Corresponding to Phenomena): "The Lung's emotion is grief; the Spleen's emotion is overthinking; the Heart's emotion is joy." These are all the emotions of the Five Zang organs. Jian An noted that Wu changed "Kong" (Empty) to "Kong" (Control), based on Wang Bing's annotation, whose note relied on Yang Yi. However, Yang's explanation of "Kong" was insufficient. In summary, this section's meaning is unclear, while Zhang's interpretation is somewhat coherent.
Two Yin Reaching the Lung: Zhang Yun stated: "Speaking of the Kidney pulse arriving at the Qi Kou position. The *Jing Mai Bie Lun* (Discourse on Divergent Meridians) says: 'When Two Yin pulses beat strongly, and the Kidney pulse is deep and not floating,' this is the case. The Kidney pulse travels upward; its straight branch goes from the Kidney, through the Liver and diaphragm, into the Lung, and emerges at the Qi Kou. This is 'Two Yin reaching the Lung.' The Kidney governs Water, relying on Lung Qi to execute descending commands, regulating water passages, so its Qi returns to the Bladder. The Lung is above, the Kidney is below, and the Spleen and Stomach are in the middle, governing the pivot of ascending and descending. Hence it is said to 'externally connect to the Spleen and Stomach.' 'External' refers to the Kidney relative to the Spleen, consistent with the meaning of 'Three Yin is the exterior, Two Yin is the interior' mentioned earlier."
One Yin Arrives Alone: Zhang Yun stated: "Jue Yin pulse prevails. The *Jing Mai Bie Lun* says: 'When One Yin arrives, it is the governance of Jue Yin.' The fundamental pulse of Jue Yin should be soft, slippery, string-like, and long, containing Yang within Yin, which is correct. If One Yin arrives alone, the meridian is severed internally, and Qi floats externally. Therefore, it cannot drum like a hook and be slippery, but is merely string-like without Stomach Qi, and life energy is exhausted." Jian An noted that Zhang punctuated "Meridian severed, Qi floats" as one clause and "Cannot drum like a hook and be slippery" as another, which Zhi Gao agreed with. Wu changed it to "One Yin arrives alone, drum like a hook and be slippery, meridian severed, Qi floats does not drum," which should not be followed.
Song De: Jian An noted that "Song" seems to use a fanqie spelling, pronounced as "Song" (chant).
One Yin as the Sole Envoy: Ma Yun stated: "One Yin is Jue Yin. Jue Yin is the wandering department of the interior, the general who plans and considers, hence serving as the sole envoy." Zhang Yun stated: "Envoy refers to communicating the beginning and end. When Yin ends and Yang generates, only Jue Yin governs it. Hence it is the sole envoy."
Three Yang and One Yin, Tai Yang Pulse Prevails: Ma Yun stated: "This discusses pathology involving the Bladder and Liver. The Bladder prevails while the Liver is defeated. Three Yang refers to the Foot Tai Yang Bladder Channel. One Yin refers to the Foot Jue Yin Liver Channel. The Bladder is primarily diseased, but the Liver insults it, causing Wood to overcome Water. At this time, the Bladder is exterior and the Liver is interior. With excessive Bladder pathogen, there is a trend from exterior to interior. The Liver channel cannot stop it, causing internal chaos of the spirits of the Five Zang organs and external signs of fright and alarm. The *Jin Gui Zhen Yan Lun* (True Words of the Golden Cabinet) states: 'Liver pathology manifests as fright and alarm.' Gao changed 'Tai Yang' to 'Tai Yin'. Jian An noted that Gao's annotation is erroneous; we retain the original text."
Two Yin and Two Yang Disease in the Lung: Gao changed "Two Yang" to "Three Yang". The annotation states: "Tai Yang Qi governs the skin and hair, which is the exterior correspondence of the Lung. Thus, Two Yin and Three Yang combine, and the disease is in the Lung. When Two Yin combines with Three Yang to cause Lung disease, then Three Yang is in excess and Two Yin is deficient, hence the Shao Yin pulse is deep." Jian An noted that the old annotation makes sense, and changing characters may not be necessary. Most families still follow Wang Bing.
Overcoming the Lung and Injuring the Spleen: Zhang Yun stated: "Earth pathogen injures Water, hence the Foot Shao Yin pulse is deep. Deep signifies Qi decline and lack of vigor. However, the Stomach is the Fu organ of the Spleen, and the Spleen governs the four limbs. Since Fire overcomes the Lung, the Stomach subsequently affects the Spleen. When the Spleen is diseased, the four limbs are also diseased." Jian An noted that Gao claimed "Overcoming the Lung" meant "Lung Qi prevailing," which is very mistaken.
Guest Wandering Below the Heart and Epigastrium, Empty Orifices and Dike Blocked and Uncirculated: Ma's annotation: "Sentence ending at 'below the heart and epigastrium'; sentence ending at 'empty orifices and dike'." The annotation states: "Shao Yin Qi guest-wanders below the heart and epigastrium; Water insults Fire. However, as Yin Qi ascends upstream, the Stomach cannot control it. The empty orifices of the intestines and stomach act as a dike, blocking and uncirculating." Gao stated: "'Empty orifices' refer to the pores of sweat. 'Dike' means road. Shao Yin and Shao Yang combine; Yin prevails over Yang. Thus, the disease originates from the Kidney of Shao Yin. The Shao Yang San Jiao channel scatters and networks the Pericardium, emerging from the epigastrium. Now Shao Yin Qi guest-wanders below the epigastrium; this is Yin invading Yang, Water overcoming Fire, causing the San Jiao unable to emit Qi to warm the muscle and interstices, resembling empty orifice roads being blocked and uncirculated." Wu's annotation: "Ten characters starting from 'Yin Qi' form a sentence; five characters 'Dike blocked and uncirculated' form a sentence." The annotation states: "Two Yin is Shao Yin Kidney Qi. One Yang is Shao Yang Gallbladder Qi. The two Qi clash; Water does not overcome Fire. The disease originates from the Kidney. Kidney disease causes Qi rebellion, filling the empty orifices below the heart and epigastrium with excess, like a dike blocking horizontally across the chest, preventing circulation." Zhang agreed. Sentence ends after "Dike". Jian An noted Wang Bing's punctuation: "Sentence ending at 'Qi guest-wanders in the heart'; sentence ending at 'Below the epigastrium empty orifices'." Examining the textual meaning, Gao's annotation seems plausible, but the explanation of "Dike" is unstable; one should follow the old annotation.
Four Limbs Separated: Wu Yun stated: "Disease in the chest prevents the four limbs from receiving Qi, thus they seem separated from the body and not belonging to oneself." Zhang Yun stated: "Clear Yang fills the four limbs. If Yang is deficient, the four limbs lose their function."
One Yin and One Yang Intermittently Cease, etc.: Gao moved this item below "One Yin as the Sole Envoy" in the previous text. The annotation states: "In the old edition, it was under 'Four Limbs Separated'; now corrected here." Zhang Yun stated: "'Intermittently cease' means the Qi of two Zang organs is injured, and the pulse comes in disorder. Liver and Gallbladder both belong to Wood; Wood generates Heart Fire. Due to Yang deficiency, Yin Qi reaches the Heart." Wu Yun stated: "'Yin Qi' refers to moving Qi. 'Unconstant above and below' means irregular timing of action and cessation. 'Unknown entry and exit' means unpredictable beginnings and ends." Jian An noted that Wu's explanation of Yin Qi lacks a source.
All Are Here: Wu Yun stated: "At the Cunkou position." Zhang Yun stated: "All are diseases." Jian An noted that Zhi Gao took "Two Yang Three Yin" as one phrase and "Until Zhi Yin All Are Here" as another, annotating "All Are Here" as "The Qi of Spleen and Stomach all reside in the center." His explanation is circuitous and unacceptable.
Yin Does Not Exceed Yang: Ma Yun stated: "If the Stomach, Spleen, and Lung channels are diseased, those in the Yin channels cannot emerge excessively into Yang to achieve harmony; those in the Yang channels cannot enter and stop in Yin to achieve harmony. The Qi of Yin and Yang arrive simultaneously and block each other." Zhang Yun stated: "If Yin does not exceed Yang, then Yin remains Yin and does not enter the Yang aspect. If Yang Qi cannot stop Yin, then Yang remains Yang and does not linger in the Yin aspect."
Floating Indicates Blood Mass, Deep Indicates Pus: Wu rearranged "Floating" and "Deep". Ma Yun stated: "'Fu' is identical to 'Fu' (rotten)." Zhang Yun stated: "A floating pulse indicates the disease is external, manifesting as a blood mass. A deep pulse indicates the disease is internal, manifesting as pus and rot. Precisely because Yin-Yang and exterior-interior do not communicate, the pulse and symptoms appear contrary in this way."
Yin and Yang Both Strong, Down to Yin and Yang: Zhang Yun stated: "If Yin and Yang are both strong, they become hyperactive and harmful. Either isolated Yin or isolated Yang occurs. The disease extends down to Yin and Yang. Men represent the Yang pathway, women represent the Yin organ. Disorders in hidden and curved matters all result in major illnesses."
Above Combines with Brightness, Below Combines with Darkness: Zhang Yun stated: "Brightness is visible; darkness is measurable. There is the Way of Yin and Yang present." Wu Yun stated: "'Brightness' is the Way of Heaven. 'Darkness' is the Yin of Earth. Speaking of the Yin and Yang of the pulse, it combines with Heaven and Earth."
Thus Combining with the Beginning of the Year: Zhang changed "Combine" to "Arrive". Gao Yun stated: "The Five Zang organs and Five Elements begin with Wood and end with Water, just as the four seasons begin with Spring and end with Winter. Thus combining with today's beginning of the year in early Spring." Jian An noted that the six sentences following "Yin and Yang Both Strong" do not connect with the following text, and the purport is ambiguous and hard to understand. Suspected to be misplaced slips from another chapter. For now, retaining Zhang's annotation.
Principles Exhausted, Grass and Willow Leaves Both Kill: Ma Yun stated: "Diseases in the three months of winter show all death syndromes. In principle, exhaustion has been reached. It can also extend until the time when earth has grass and willows have leaves. Why does the person die at the start? Because there are death signs and death pulses. Because things grow while people die, it is also named 'Kill'. Had the initial change of spring seen Yang pulse also extinct, similar to Yin pulse, the deadline would only be early Spring. How could it reach the day when grass and willow leaves are all seen?" Zhang Yun stated: "'Principles exhausted' means observing the principles of pulse and symptoms, there is no longer life energy. Obtaining this from a winter disease means that whenever grass turns green or willow leaves appear, the exchange of Yin and Yang Qi marks the time of death. Hence it is said 'Both Kill'." Jian An noted that currently retaining Wang Bing's annotation.
Spring Yin and Yang Both Extinct: Ma, based on *Tai Su*, deleted the character "Spring". Wu, Zhang, and Zhi Gao interpreted it according to the text. Currently following Ma.
Yang Kill: Ma Yun stated: "For diseases in the three months of spring, it is precisely because the person exhausted their resources during autumn and winter. Yin Qi is depleted and cannot overcome Yang. Thus, although spring is not peak Yang, upon entering spring, illness occurs, leading to death by Yang, named 'Yang Kill'." Zhang Yun stated: "In spring month, Yang Qi is just rising, and the disease is in Yang, hence called 'Yang Kill'. 'Kill' means decline." Gao Yun stated: "For diseases in the three months of spring, Yang Qi does not generate, hence called 'Yang Kill'. 'Kill' is equivalent to 'Extinct'." Jian An noted that Ma and Zhang's annotations have opposite meanings. Upon detail, Ma relies on Wang Bing's annotation, interpreting it as heat disease, which seems more reasonable. Retaining it.
Dry Grass: Ma Yun stated: "If its pulse Yin and Yang are both extinct, it cannot last these three months before dying. The deadline is when old grass is still dry; it should die then. There is no hope for the day grass grows and willow leaves appear." Jian An noted that since Wang Bing, interpretations point to late autumn. However, if Yin and Yang are both extinct, how could there be a logic of dying from spring to late autumn? Although the explanation of "old grass still dry" is not entirely satisfactory, temporarily following Ma's theory for future examination.
Zhi Yin Does Not Exceed Ten Days: Zhang Yun stated: "Spleen and Kidney are both Zhi Yin (Ultimate Yin). In the three months of summer, during times of Yang abundance, if Spleen and Kidney are extremely injured, then True Yin fails and extinguishes. The heavenly stems change Qi, and it cannot endure. Hence it does not exceed ten days." Gao Yun stated: "This is a disease of the three months of summer with a short duration. The sixth month, Long Summer, belongs to Zhi Yin. When it is Zhi Yin, Yang Qi floats entirely outward. If the disease of the three months of summer does not heal, transitioning to Zhi Yin, death occurs in less than ten days." Li Yun stated: "The *Jin Gui Zhen Yan Lun* says: 'The Spleen is Ultimate Yin among Yin, the root of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs.' With the Zhi Yin organ facing the time of extreme Yang, if a fatal syndrome is contracted, the deadline is ten days."
Yin and Yang Exchange Deadline Is in [Water] (Xiong sound. Lian sound. Thin/Ice). Zhang Yun: [Character] sounds like Lian (gather). Clear. Ma Yun: "Its pulse has Yin within Yang, this is called Yin-Yang Exchange. Then the Spleen is not completely extinct. The deadline is in July, the time of Water generation. It dies on the day the [Water] is calm." Wu Yun: "Yin pulse appears in Yang, Yang pulse appears in Yin. Yin and Yang exchange positions, called Yin-Yang Exchange. [Water] is the cold time of mid-autumn. Speaking of Yin-Yang exchange having lost its norm, when it is [Water], it is the time when Heaven and Earth do not communicate. The pulse contradicts Heaven and Earth; is the short deadline not here?" Gao Yun: "[Character] is same as Lian. If passing Long Summer to Autumn, it is Yin-Yang Exchange. Disease of summer three months exchanging in autumn, deadline is death in Lian Water. Lian means clear. Mid-autumn, water and sky are one color." Jian An noted: [Character] means thin ice. Pan Yue's *Widow's Ode*: "Water [character] slightly congeals." Refers to early winter. *Zheng Yun*: "Lian, sound Lian. Same as [character]. One meaning: Thin." Its meaning of 'Clear' lacks evidence.
Three Yang Arise Together: Ma Yun stated: "Three Yang refers to the Foot Tai Yang Bladder Channel. If Bladder disease pulses arise together, then Bladder belongs to Water, Autumn Qi belongs to Metal. Metal can generate Water. It should heal itself without treatment." Wu Yun stated: "'Arise together' means hand and foot arise together." Gao Yun stated: "Three Yang refers to Tai Yang, Yang Ming, Shao Yang, hence 'Together'. Later Three Yang refers to Tai Yang. Two Yin refers to Shao Yin, hence 'Alone'."
Those Where Yin and Yang Intersect and Combine: Ma Yun stated: "If Bladder has Yang disease but shows Yin pulse, or Yin disease but shows Yang pulse, this is Yin and Yang combining. The symptoms should be restless in walking, standing, sitting, and lying. Taking Metal as primary, proper regulation leads to recovery." Wu Yun stated: "Refers to Yin and Yang Qi arriving and combining to cause disease. Yin and Yang both injured, Blood and Qi both damaged, weakness is severe. Thus causing difficulty in movement. Standing prevents sitting; sitting prevents rising." Zhang Yun stated: "Autumn Qi is about to gather but not yet gathered. Thus there are diseases caused by Yin and Yang intersection. Whether Essence or Qi, there must be injury, leading to disadvantage in movement. Generally, Yang prevailing over Yin means standing prevents sitting; Yin prevailing over Yang means sitting prevents rising."
Three Yang Arrive Alone: Li Yun stated: "'Yang' should be 'Yin'. Yin disease when Yin is abundant means isolated Yin cannot generate. Time of ice hard as stone, cannot regenerate again. Just as 'Three Yang arise together, heals without treatment' mentioned earlier, and 'Two Yin deadline in盛水 (Sheng Water)' mentioned later, this is undoubtedly Three Yin."
Deadline in Stone Water: Zhang Yun stated: "Three Yang arriving alone is a sign of Yang hyperactivity and Yin exhaustion. Yin exhaustion in winter naturally has no life energy. And isolated Yang meeting water is ultimately extinguished. Hence the deadline is when ice is hard as stone."
Two Yin Arrive Alone: Zhang Yun stated: "Two Yin, Quan Yuanqi's edition reads Three Yin, i.e., what is called 'Three Yin arriving together, having Yin without Yang'. Sheng Water refers to the time of rainwater in the first lunar month. Isolated Yin finds it difficult to stand alone. Thus, encountering times of Yang victory, it cannot preserve its existence."