手太阴十一穴,中府云门天府列,侠白下尺泽,孔最见列缺,经渠太渊下鱼际,抵指少商如韭叶。
太阴肺兮出中府,云门之下一寸许,云门璇玑旁六寸,巨骨之下二骨数,天府腋下三寸求,侠白肘上五寸
主,尺泽肘中约文论,孔最腕下七寸取,列缺腕上一寸半,经渠寸口陷中是,太渊掌后横纹头,鱼际节后散脉举,少商
大指端内侧,鼻衄刺之立见止(璇现,任脉穴名。巨骨,手阳明大肠经穴名)。
\r大肠腑之图\p06-d33a4.bmp\r
回肠者,以其回叠也;广肠即回肠之更大者,直肠,又
广肠之末节也,下连肛门,是为谷道、后阴,一名魄门,总皆大肠也。广肠长二尺八寸,受谷九升三合八分合之一。
《难经》曰∶大肠重二斤十二两,肛门重十二两。《危言》曰∶肠者畅也,贵通畅也。
手阳明经大肠 大肠者,传导之官,变化出焉。其体长二丈一尺,广四寸,径一寸,当脐右回十六曲,受谷一
斗,水七升半,其上口接小肠之下口。在干为庚,在支司酉,在五行属金,在八卦为兑,与太阴肺为表里。其经气血俱
多,卯时气血注此。
其见证也,齿痛颇肿,目黄口干,鼻衄喉痹,肩前 痛,大指次指难用,耳聋辉辉 ,耳肺嘈嘈,耳后、肩
、肘臂外皆痛。气满,皮肤坚而不痛;气盛,则脉太过而热肿;虚则脉不给而寒 。
其经之脉,起于大指次指之端商阳穴,受手太阴之交,行阳之分。由是循次指之上廉,历二间、三间以出合谷两骨
之风复上入阳溪两筋之中;自阳溪而上,循臂上廉之偏历、温溜、下廉、上廉、三里,入肘外廉之曲池,循膀外前廉,
历肘 、五里、臂 ,络手少阳之 会,上肩至本经之肩 ;出肩 之前廉,循巨骨上行,会督之大椎,由大椎而下,
入足阳明之缺盆,循足阳明之外络,绕肺脏,复下膈,当胃经天枢之分会属于大肠;其支者,自缺盆上行于颈,循天
鼎、扶突上贯于颊,入下齿缝中,由齿缝复出侠口两吻,相交于人中之内,左脉之右,右脉之左,上侠鼻孔,循禾 、
迎香,以交于足之阳明经,而由承泣、四白、巨 、地仓至头维,又自头维而下行也。
手太阴肺经共有十一个穴位,分别是中府、云门、天府、侠白、尺泽、孔最、列缺、经渠、太渊、鱼际和少商。
手太阴肺经的起始穴是中府穴,位于云门穴下方约一寸处;云门穴在璇玑穴旁开六寸,巨骨穴下方两横指宽的位置;天府穴在腋下三寸处寻找;侠白穴在肘上五寸处主治;尺泽穴在肘窝中间的纹路处;孔最穴在腕横纹下七寸处取穴;列缺穴在腕横纹上一寸半处;经渠穴在寸口脉搏动处的凹陷中;太渊穴在手掌后方横纹的头端;鱼际穴在掌后第一掌骨节后的散脉处可触及;少商穴在大拇指内侧尖端,若出现鼻出血(鼻衄),针刺此穴可立即止血。(注:璇玑为任脉穴位名;巨骨为手阳明大肠经穴位名)。
[图片:大肠腑之图]
回肠,因其盘曲重叠而得名;广肠即回肠中较大的部分;直肠则是广肠的最末一段,向下连接肛门,这被称为谷道或后阴,又名魄门,统称为大肠。广肠长二尺八寸,能容纳谷物九升三合又八分之一合。《难经》记载:大肠重二斤十二两,肛门重十二两。《危言》说:肠者畅也,贵在通畅。
手阳明大肠经对应大肠。大肠是传导之官,负责变化排泄物。其形体长二丈一尺,宽四寸,直径一寸,位于脐右侧,盘曲十六圈,能容纳谷物一斗,水七升半,其上口连接小肠的下口。在天干中属庚,在十二地支中司酉,在五行中属金,在八卦中属兑,与手太阴肺经互为表里。该经脉气血都很旺盛,卯时气血灌注于此。
其病症表现为:牙齿疼痛且肿胀,眼睛发黄,口干,鼻出血,咽喉肿痛,肩前部疼痛,食指和大拇指难以活动,耳聋伴有耳鸣声如钟鸣或嘈杂声,耳后、肩部、肘部和手臂外侧均疼痛。若气机壅满,皮肤坚硬但不痛;若气盛,则脉象太过而发热肿胀;若气虚,则脉象不足而发冷。
该经脉的循行路线,起于食指桡侧端的商阳穴,承接手太阴肺经的气血,行于阳分。由此沿食指上缘上行,经过二间穴、三间穴,出于合谷穴在两骨之间的缝隙,再向上进入阳溪穴在两筋之间;从阳溪穴向上,沿前臂上缘经过偏历穴、温溜穴、下廉穴、上廉穴、手三里穴,进入肘部外侧的曲池穴,沿上臂外侧前缘上行,经过肘髎穴、五里穴、臂臑穴,联络手少阳三焦经的会穴,上行至肩部到达本经的肩髃穴;从肩髃穴的前缘出来,沿巨骨穴上行,与督脉的大椎穴交会,由大椎穴向下,进入足阳明胃经的缺盆穴,沿足阳明胃经的外络,环绕肺脏,再向下穿过膈肌,当与胃经天枢穴相分会属于大肠;其支脉,从缺盆穴上行至颈部,沿天鼎穴、扶突穴上行贯穿面颊,进入下齿缝中,从齿缝复出夹于口角两侧,在人中穴内部左右交叉,左脉向右,右脉向左,上行夹鼻孔两侧,沿禾髎穴、迎香穴,与足阳明胃经交接,然后从承泣穴、四白穴、巨髎穴、地仓穴至头维穴,又从头维穴下行。
The Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin has eleven acupoints: Zhongfu (LU-1), Yunmen (LU-2), Tianfu (LU-3), Xiabai (LU-4), Chize (LU-5), Kongzui (LU-6), Lieque (LU-7), Jingqu (LU-8), Taiyuan (LU-9), Yuji (LU-10), and Shaoshang (LU-11).
The Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin originates at Zhongfu (LU-1). It is located approximately one cun below Yunmen (LU-2); Yunmen (LU-2) is six cun lateral to Xuanji (CV-21) and two finger-breadths below Jugu (LI-1); Tianfu (LU-3) is sought three cun below the axilla; Xiabai (LU-4) governs conditions when located five cun above the elbow crease; Chize (LU-5) is found in the center of the cubital crease; Kongzui (LU-6) is taken seven cun below the wrist crease; Lieque (LU-7) is one and a half cun above the wrist crease; Jingqu (LU-8) is located in the depression at the radial pulse (Cunkou); Taiyuan (LU-9) is at the head of the transverse crease on the palmar side of the wrist; Yuji (LU-10) can be palpated as a scattered vessel behind the first metacarpal bone joint; Shaoshang (LU-11) is at the medial tip of the thumb. Pricking this point can immediately stop epistaxis (nosebleed). (Note: Xuanji is an acupoint of the Conception Vessel; Jugu is an acupoint of the Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming).
[Image: Diagram of the Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming]
[Image: Diagram of the Large Intestine Fu Organ]
The sigmoid colon (Hui Chang) is named so because of its coiled and folded structure; the descending colon (Guang Chang) is the larger portion of the sigmoid colon; the rectum is the terminal segment of the descending colon, connecting downward to the anus, which is also called the grain gate (Gu Dao) or posterior yin, alternatively known as the魄门 (Po Men), collectively referred to as the Large Intestine. The descending colon is two chi eight cun long and can hold nine sheng, three he, and one-eighth of a he of grain. *Nan Jing* states that the Large Intestine weighs two jin twelve liang, and the anus weighs twelve liang. *Wei Yan* says: "Chang" (Intestine) implies smoothness/fluidity; it values unobstructed flow.
The Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian corresponds to the Large Intestine. The Large Intestine is the official of transmission, responsible for transformation and excretion. Its body is two zhang one chi long, four cun wide, and one cun in diameter. It is located to the right of the umbilicus, coiling sixteen times, capable of holding one dou of grain and seven sheng and a half of water. Its upper opening connects to the lower opening of the Small Intestine. In the Heavenly Stems, it corresponds to Geng; in the Earthly Branches, it corresponds to You; in the Five Elements, it belongs to Metal; in the Eight Trigrams, it corresponds to Dui. It forms an interior-exterior relationship with the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin. This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood, which pour into it during the Mao hour (5:00–7:00 AM).
Its clinical manifestations include: toothache with swelling, yellowing of the eyes, dry mouth, epistaxis, throat obstruction, pain in the anterior shoulder, difficulty using the index finger and thumb, deafness with tinnitus sounding like bells or buzzing, and pain behind the ear, in the shoulder, elbow, and outer aspect of the arm. If Qi is stagnant and full, the skin becomes hard but painless; if Qi is excessive, the pulse is overactive leading to heat and swelling; if Qi is deficient, the pulse is insufficient leading to cold.
The pathway of this meridian originates at Shangyang (LI-1), located at the radial end of the index finger, receiving Qi and Blood from the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin, and traveling through the Yang aspects. From there, it follows the upper border of the index finger, passes through Erjian (LI-2) and Sanjian (LI-3), emerges at Hegu (LI-4) between the two bones, and ascends into Yangxi (LI-5) between the two tendons. From Yangxi (LI-5), it ascends along the upper border of the forearm, passing through Pianli (LI-6), Wenliu (LI-7), Xia Lian (LI-8), Shang Lian (LI-9), and Shousanli (LI-10), entering Quchi (LI-11) at the lateral end of the elbow. It then follows the anterior border of the upper arm, passing through Zhou Liao (LI-12), Wuli (LI-13), and Binao (LI-14), connecting with the meeting point of the Triple Energizer Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang. It ascends to the shoulder, reaching Jianyu (LI-15) of this meridian. Emerging from the anterior border of Jianyu (LI-15), it ascends along Jugu (LI-15/GB-1 area context, here referring to LI path), meeting the Dazhui (GV-14) of the Du Vessel. Descending from Dazhui (GV-14), it enters the Quepen (ST-12) of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming, follows the external collateral of the Stomach Meridian, circles the Lung, descends through the diaphragm, and at the junction corresponding to Tianshu (ST-25) of the Stomach Meridian, it belongs to the Large Intestine. A branch arises from Quepen (ST-12), ascending to the neck, following Tianding (SI-14) and Futu (LI-18), ascending through the cheek, and entering the lower gum. It exits the gum, reappears flanking the corners of the mouth, crosses internally at Renzhong (GV-26), with the left channel crossing to the right and the right channel crossing to the left, ascending to flank both sides of the nostrils, following Heliao (SI-19) and Yingxiang (LI-20), where it intersects with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It then proceeds from Chengqi (ST-1), Sibai (ST-2), Juliao (ST-3), Dicang (ST-4) to Touwei (ST-8), and descends from Touwei (ST-8).