绣按∶十二经络，皆为人身通气活血之具。其脉周流岐别，不可不为辨论，以究病情之起端，邪气之胜复，
气血之盈亏，则临症索病，自有其枢，而不为其所惑矣，此经络歌义之不容忽也。玩书有言，直行为经，
旁行为络。一似经络之义，业已尽是。讵知人身经络，其理推究靡穷，
有可分论而见其端者，有可合论而得其意者。其分论而见，盖以经起中焦，常随营气下行而上。络起下焦，恒
附营气上行而下。经起中焦，则经气之上升，实有过于其络。络起下焦，则络气之下降，实有越于其经。
故经多以气主，而络多以血主也。经主于气，故凡外邪之入，多于经受，而络常处于后；络主于血，故凡经邪
之满，转溢于络，而络始得以受。是以经常处实，络常处虚。络得由经而实，而络亦不得以虚名也。经因受
邪最早，故症多以寒见，而脉亦寸浮而紧；络因受邪稍缓，故症多因热成，而脉常见尺数而涩。经则随行上下，
邪本易受，而开发最易；络则邪伏隐僻，邪即难入，而升散维艰。即经有言络处经外，邪入先自络始；然既
由络入经，而经流连不散，则邪又溢于络，而见缠绵不已，故经与络又各自病。是其各别之势，有不相混如
此。以经络通同而论，则经与络，虽各本于脏气之受，然究不越人身大气以为鼓运，故能流行不悖。设非大气
磅因礴，则彼盛此衰，生气有阻，其何以为长养元气之自乎。此其会通之妙，又有不容或忽如此。是以初病多责
于经，久病多责于络。久病而再流连不解，则又多责于经之奇。以故仲景着为伤寒论法，多以经传立
解。孙思邈着为千金等书，多以络病久病立说。即今姑苏叶天士，祖孙思邈，作为临症指南集，亦以久病活络
为要，皆与经络不悖。第其经穴众多，其中错综分行，自非纂诵，难以记忆。因阅汪昂本草备要所订古
本歌诀，颇有便世，用是附载以为采择，非惟初学得此，可以诵习；即老医得此，亦可以为临症之一助也。
手太阴肺经 手太阴肺（脉）中焦起，下络大肠（肺与大肠相表里）胃口行（胃之上脘即贲门）。上膈属肺
从肺系（即喉管），横从腋下 内萦（膊下对腋处名 ，音柔）。前于心与心包脉（行少阴心主之前），下肘循臂骨
上廉（ 尽处为肘，肘以下为臂），遂入寸口上鱼际（关前动脉为寸口，大指后肉隆起处名为鱼，鱼际，其间
穴名），大指内侧爪甲根（少商穴止），支络还从腕后出（臂骨尽处为腕），接次指交阳明经（大肠）。此经
多气而少血，是动则为喘满咳（肺主气）。膨膨肺胀缺盆痛（肩下横骨陷中名缺盆，阳明胃经穴），两手交瞀（音茂）
为臂厥。肺所生病咳上气，喘渴（金不生水）烦心（心脉上肺）胸满结（脉布胸中）。 臂之内前廉痛，为厥
或为掌中热（脉行少阴心主之前，掌心劳宫穴，属心包）。肩背痛是气（盛）有余（络脉交于手，上肩背），
小便数（而）欠（便频而短）或汗出（肺主皮毛）。气虚亦痛（肩背寒痛）溺色变（母病及子），少气不足以
报息（肺虚）。
手阳明大肠经 手阳明经大肠脉，次指内侧起商阳（本经穴名）。循指上廉出合谷（俗名虎口穴），两
骨（两指岐骨间）两筋中间行（手背外侧，两筋陷中，阳溪穴）。循臂入肘（外廉）行 外（廉），肩 （音隅
，肩端两骨）前廉柱骨旁（上出膀胱经之天柱骨，会于督脉之大椎）。会此（六阳经皆会于大椎。故经文云上
出于柱骨之会上）下入缺盆内（肩下横骨陷中），络肺下膈属大肠（相为表里）。支从缺盆上入颈，斜贯两颊
下齿当。挟口人中（鼻下沟洫）交左右，上挟鼻孔尽迎香（本经穴终，交足阳明）。此经血盛气亦盛，是动齿
痛颈亦肿。是主津液病所生（大肠主津），目黄（大肠内热）口干（无津）鼽衄动（鼽，音求，鼻水。衄，鼻
血），喉痹（金燥）痛在肩前 ，大指次指痛不用（不随人用，皆经脉所过）。
足阳明胃经 足阳明胃（脉）鼻 起（山根），下循鼻外入上齿。环唇挟口交承浆（下唇陷中），颐
后大迎颊车
里（腮下为颔，颔下为颐，耳下为颊车。大迎，颔下穴名）。耳前发际至额颅，支循喉咙缺盆入。下膈属胃络
脾宫（相为表里），直者下乳挟脐中。支（者）起胃口循腹里，下行直合气街逢（即气冲）。遂由髀关（抵伏兔）
下膝膑（挟膝两筋为膑，一曰膝盖）循胫（外廉下）足跗（足面）中指通。支从中指入大指，
厉兑之厉经尽矣（交足太阴）。此经多气复多血，振寒呻欠（呻吟呵欠）而颜黑。病至恶见火与人（血气盛而
热甚），忌闻木声心惕惕（阳明土恶木也）。闭户塞牖欲独处，甚则登高（而歌）弃衣（而）走。贲（奔）响
腹胀（脉循腹里，水火相激而作声）为 厥（足胫为 ），狂疟温淫及汗出（阳明法多汗），鼽衄
口并唇胗（音轸，唇疡。脉挟口环唇），颈肿喉痹（循颐循喉）腹水肿（土不制水）。膺乳（膺窗、乳中、
乳根，皆本经乳间穴）膝膑股伏兔（膝上六寸肉起处）， 外足跗上皆痛。气盛热在身以前（阳明行身之前），
有余消谷（善饥）溺黄甚。不足身以前皆寒，胃中寒而腹胀壅。
足太阴脾经 太阴脾（脉）起足大指，循指内侧白肉际。过核骨后（孤拐骨。张景岳曰∶非也，即大
指后圆骨）内踝前（胫旁曰踝），上 （音善，足肚也。一作 ，音短，足跟也。然经中二字通用）循胫膝股
里。股内兼廉入腹中，属脾络胃（相为表里）上膈通。挟咽连舌（本，舌根也）散舌下，支者从胃（上膈）注
心宫。此经血少而气旺，是动即病舌本强（上声）。食则呕出胃脘痛，心中善噫（即嗳）而腹胀。得后与气
（大便嗳气）快然衰（病衰），脾病身重（脾主肌肉）不能（动）摇。瘕泄（瘕积泄泻）水闭及黄胆（脾湿），
烦心心痛（即胃脘痛）食难消（食不下）。强立股膝内多肿（脾主四肢），不能卧因胃不和。
手少阴心经 手少阴心（脉）起心经，下膈直络小肠承（相为表里）。支者挟咽系目系，直者（从）
心系上肺腾。下腋循 后廉出，太阴（脉）心主（心包）之后行。（行二脉之后）。下肘循臂（内后廉）抵掌
后，锐骨之端（掌后尖骨）小指停（少冲穴，交手太阳）。此经少血而多气，是动咽干（少阴火，脉挟咽）心
痛应。目黄胁痛（系目出胁）渴欲饮，臂 内（后廉）痛掌热蒸。
手太阳小肠经 手太阳经小肠脉，小指之端起少泽（本经穴）。循手（外侧）上腕（臂骨尽处为腕）
出踝中（掌侧腕下锐骨为踝），上臂骨（下廉）出肘内侧。两筋之间 （外）后廉，出肩解（脊旁为膂，膂上
两角为肩解）而绕肩胛（肩下成片骨）。交肩之上入缺盆（肩下横骨陷中），直络心中循嗌咽。
下膈抵胃属小肠（小肠与心为表里）。支从缺盆上颈颊，至目锐 入耳中（至本经听宫穴）。支者别颊复上
（音拙，目下），抵鼻至于目内 （内角），络颧交足太阳接。嗌痛颔肿（循咽循颈）头难回（不可以顾），
肩似拔兮 似折（出肩循 ），耳聋目黄肿颊间（入耳至 上颊）。是所生病为主液（小肠主液），颈领肩
肘臂（外廉）痛。此经少气而多血。
足太阳膀胱经 足太阳经膀胱脉，目内 上额交巅。支者从巅入耳（上）角，直者从巅络脑间。还出
下项循肩膊（肩后之下为膊），挟脊（去脊各一寸五分，行十二俞等穴）抵腰循膂旋（脊旁为膂）。络胃正属
膀胱腑（相为表里），一支贯臀入 传（从腰中下挟脊，行上中次下 等穴，入 委中穴，膝后曲处为 ）。
一支从膊别贯胛（膂肉为胛），挟脊（去脊各三寸行附分魄户膏肓等穴）循髀（髀枢，股外为髀）合 行（与前
入者合）。贯 （足肚）出踝（胫旁曰踝）循京骨（本经穴，足外侧赤白肉际），小指外侧至阴（穴）全（交
足少阴）。此经少气而多血，头痛脊痛腰如折。目似脱兮项似拔， 如结兮 如裂。痔（脉入肛）疟（太阳疟）
狂癫疾并生（癫狂篇亦有刺太阳经者），鼽衄（太阳经气不能循经下行，上冲于脑而为鼽衄）目黄而泪
出。囟项背腰尻 （尻，苦高切）病若动时皆痛彻。（以上病皆经脉所过。）
足少阴肾经 足肾经脉属少阴，斜从小指趋足心（涌泉穴）。出于然骨（一作谷，足内踝骨陷中）循
内踝，入跟（足后跟）上 内（廉）寻。上股（内）后廉直贯脊（会于督脉长强穴），属肾下络膀胱深（相
为表里）。直者从肾贯肝膈，入肺挟舌（本）循喉咙。支者从肺络心上，注于胸（膻中）交手厥阴（心包经）。
此经多气而少血，是动病饥不欲食（腹内饥而不嗜食），咳唾有血（脉入肺故咳。肾主唾，肾损故见血）喝
喝喘（肾气上奔），目KT （瞳子属肾）心悬（脉络心，水不制火）坐起
辄（坐而欲起，阴虚不宁），善恐（心惕惕）如人将捕之（肾志恐），咽肿舌干兼口热（少阴火），上气
（肾水溢而为肿）心痛或心烦（脉络心），黄胆（肾水乘脾，或为女劳疸）肠 （肾移热于脾胃大
肠，或痢或便血）及痿（骨痿）厥（下不足则上厥），脊股后廉之内痛，嗜卧（少阴病，但欲寐）足下热痛切。
手厥阴心包经 手厥阴经心主标，心包下膈络三焦（心包与三焦为表里）。起自胸中（膻中）支（者）
出胁，下腋三寸循 （内）迢。太阴（肺）少阴（心）中间走，入肘下臂两筋超（掌后两筋横纹陷中），行掌
心（劳宫穴）从中指出（中冲穴），支从小指次指交（小指内之次指，交三焦经）。是经少气原多血，是动则
病手心热（肘臂挛急，腋下肿，甚则支满在胸胁；心中 时大动，面赤目黄笑不歇）、是主脉所生病者（心主
脉），掌热心烦心痛掣（皆经脉所过）。
手少阳三焦经 手少阳经三焦脉，起手小指次指间（无名指关冲穴）。循腕（表手背）出臂（外）之
两骨（天井穴），贯肘循 外上肩。交出足少阳（胆）之后，入缺盆布膻中传（两乳中间）。散络心包而下膈，
循属三焦表里联（三焦与心包为表里），支从膻中缺盆出，上项出耳上角巅。以屈下颊而至 ，支从耳后入耳
（中）缘。出走耳前（过胆经客主人穴）交两颊，至目锐 （外角）胆经连（交足少阳）。
是经少血还多气，耳聋嗌肿及喉痹（少阳相火）。气所生病（气分三焦心包皆主相火）汗出多（火蒸为汗），
颊肿痛及目锐 ，耳后肩 肘臂外，皆痛废及小次指（小指次指不用）。
足少阳胆经 足少阳脉胆之经，起于两目锐 边。上抵头角下耳后，循颈行手少阳前（三焦）。至肩
却出少阳后，入缺盆中支者分。耳后入耳（中）耳前走，支别锐 下大迎（胃经穴，在颔前一寸三分动脉陷中）。
合手少阳抵于 （目下），下加颊车下颈连。复合缺盆下胸（贯）膈，络肝属胆表里萦（相为表里）。循胁里
向气街出（挟脐四寸动脉），绕毛际入髀厌横（横入髀厌，即髀枢），直者从缺盆下腋，循胸季胁过章门（胁
骨下为季胁，即肝经章门穴）。下合髀厌（即髀枢）髀阳外（循髀外行太阳阳明之间），出膝外廉外辅
（骨，即膝下两旁高骨）缘。下抵绝骨出外踝（外踝以上为绝骨，少阳行身侧，故每言外），循跗（足面）入
小次指间。支者别跗入大指，循指岐骨出其端（足大指本节后为岐骨交肝经）。此经多气而少血，是动口苦（
胆汁上溢）善太息（木气不舒）。心胁疼痛转侧难，足热（足外反热）面尘体无泽（木郁不能生荣）。头痛颔
痛锐 痛，缺盆肿痛亦肿胁。马刀侠瘿颈腋生（少阳疮疡坚而不溃），汗出（少阳相火）振寒多疟疾（少阳居
半表半里，故疟发寒热，多属少阳）。胸胁髀膝（外）胫绝骨，外踝皆痛及诸节（皆经脉所过）。
足厥阴肝经 足厥阴肝脉所终，大指之端毛际丛（起大敦穴）。循足跗上（廉）上内踝（中封穴），
出太阴后（脾脉之后）入 中（内廉）。循股（阴）入毛（中）绕阴器，上抵小腹
挟胃通。属肝络胆（相为表里）上贯膈，布于胁肋循喉咙（之后）。上入颃颡（咽颡，本篇后又云络舌本）连
目系，出额会督顶巅逢（与督脉会于巅百会穴）。支者复从目系出，下行颊里交环唇。支者从肝别贯膈，上注
于肺乃交宫（交于肺经）。是经血多而气少，腰痛俯仰难为工（不可俯仰）。妇少腹痛男 疝（脉抵小腹环阴
器），嗌干（脉络喉咙）脱色面尘蒙（木郁）。胸满呕逆及飧泄（木克土），狐疝遗尿（肝虚）或闭癃（肝火）。
汪昂按语：十二经络，都是人体通行气、运行血的通道。它们的脉气周流分布，分支众多，不能不进行辨析讨论，以探究病情的起始、邪气的盛衰变化、气血的盈亏状况，这样在临证时寻找病因，自然就能掌握关键，而不被表象迷惑了。这就是经络歌诀的意义不容忽视的原因。读书人说，直行的为经，旁行的为络。这似乎已经把经络的含义说尽了。哪里知道人身经络的道理推究起来是无穷无尽的，有可以分开论述而看到其端绪的，有可以合起来论述而得其意旨的。所谓分开论述而看到的，大概是因为经起于中焦，常随着营气下行而上行；络起于下焦，常依附营气上行而下行的原因。经起于中焦，所以经气上升，实际上超过络气；络起于下焦，所以络气下降，实际上超越经气。因此，经多以气为主，而络多以血为主。经主气，所以凡是外邪侵入，多在经受邪，而络往往处于后面；络主血，所以凡是经邪满溢，转而溢出到络，络才得以受邪。因此，经常处于实证状态，络常处于虚证状态。络通过经变得充实，那么络也不能再说是虚的了。经因为最早受邪，所以症状多表现为寒，脉象也是寸部浮紧；络因为受邪稍缓，所以症状多因热而成，脉象常见尺部数而涩。经随身体上下行走，邪气容易侵入，也容易被开发发散；络则邪气潜伏在隐蔽偏僻之处，邪气难以进入，升散也很艰难。即使经文说络处在经的外面，邪气侵入先从络开始；然而既然由络传入经，经邪流连不散，那么邪气又溢出到络，表现出缠绵不已的症状，所以经与络又各自生病。它们各自不同的态势，竟然不相混淆到如此地步。从经络相通的角度来论述，经与络虽然各自本源于脏气的受纳，但终究离不开人身的大气作为鼓动运转的动力，所以能流行不违背规律。如果不是大气磅礴，那么此盛彼衰，生气受阻，怎么能成为长养元气的根本呢？这是它们会通精妙的地方，又有不容忽略的方面。所以初病多归责于经，久病多归责于络。久病如果再流连不解，又多归责于经的奇经。因此张仲景著《伤寒论》法则，多以经传变立论解释。孙思邈著《千金方》等书，多以络病、久病立说。即如今姑苏叶天士，效法孙思邈，撰写《临症指南医案》，也以久病活络为要务，都与经络理论不违背。只是其中的经穴众多，错综分行，如果不编纂成歌诀诵读，难以记忆。我阅读汪昂《本草备要》所订的古本歌诀，觉得颇有方便世人的地方，因此附载于此以供采择，不仅初学者借此可以诵读学习；即使是老医生得到它，也可以作为临证的辅助。
手太阴肺经：手太阴肺经脉起于中焦，向下联络大肠（肺与大肠相表里），经过胃的上脘（即贲门）。向上穿过膈肌，归属于肺，从肺系（即喉管）出来，横向出于腋下，向内环绕于臑（膊下对腋处名为臑，音柔）。前行于心经和心包经之前，向下沿肘内侧，循臂骨上缘（肘尽处为肘，肘以下为臂），于是进入寸口（关前动脉为寸口），上至鱼际（大指后肉隆起处名为鱼，鱼际，其间穴位名），止于大指内侧指甲根角（少商穴为止点）。支脉还从腕后分出，接次指内侧，交于阳明大肠经。这条经多气而少血，发生变动就会气喘、胸闷、咳嗽（肺主气）。肺部胀满，缺盆（肩下横骨陷中名缺盆，属阳明胃经穴位）疼痛，两手交叉昏蒙（音茂），称为臂厥。肺所生的疾病包括咳嗽、气逆、喘促、口渴、心烦、胸中满闷结滞（脉布于胸中）。手臂内侧前缘疼痛，或是厥冷，或是掌心发热（脉行于少阴心主之前，掌心劳宫穴属心包）。肩背疼痛是气盛有余（络脉交于手，上行肩背），小便频数且短少，或者汗出（肺主皮毛）。气虚也会疼痛（肩背寒痛），尿液颜色改变（母病及子），气短不足以呼吸（肺虚）。
手阳明大肠经：手阳明大肠经脉，起于次指内侧商阳穴（本经穴位名）。沿手指上缘出于合谷（俗名虎口穴），在两骨（两指歧骨间）两筋中间行走（手背外侧，两筋陷中，阳溪穴）。沿臂入肘（外缘），行于臂外侧（缘），肩隅（音隅，肩端两骨）前廉柱骨旁（向上出于膀胱经的天柱骨，会于督脉的大椎穴）。在此处交会（六阳经皆会于大椎。所以经文说“上出于柱骨之会上”），向下进入缺盆内（肩下横骨陷中），联络肺，向下穿过膈肌，归属于大肠（互为表里）。支脉从缺盆上行入颈，斜贯两颊，下至下齿龈。挟口人中（鼻下沟洫），左右交叉，上行挟鼻孔尽头迎香穴（本经穴位终点，交足阳明胃经）。这条经血盛气也盛，发生变动就会齿痛、颈部肿胀。它是主管津液病变产生的（大肠主津），出现目黄（大肠内热）、口干（无津）、鼻流清涕或鼻出血（鼽，音求，鼻水。衄，鼻血），喉痹（金燥）痛在肩前，大指和次指疼痛不能用（不随人使用，都是经脉所过之处）。
足阳明胃经：足阳明胃经脉起于鼻翼旁（山根），向下沿鼻外进入上齿龈。环绕嘴唇，挟口交于承浆（下唇陷中），经过颐后大迎、颊车里面（腮下为颔，颔下为颐，耳下为颊车。大迎，颔下穴位名）。从耳前发际至额颅，支脉沿喉咙、缺盆进入。向下穿过膈肌，归属于胃，联络脾宫（互为表里）。直行者下行经过乳房，挟脐中。支脉起于胃口，沿腹里下行，直走与气街（即气冲）相逢。于是由髀关（抵伏兔）向下至膝膑（挟膝两筋为膑，一说膝盖），沿胫骨（外缘下）至足跗（足面），通达中指。支脉从中指进入大指，厉兑穴所在，此经至此结束（交足太阴脾经）。这条经多气又多血，出现恶寒战栗、呻吟呵欠而面色黑。发病时害怕见火和人（血气盛而热甚），忌讳听到木声，心中惕惕不安（阳明土恶木也）。想要关窗闭户独自居住，严重时甚至登高唱歌、脱衣奔跑。奔响腹胀（脉循腹里，水火相激而作声）导致足胫厥冷（足胫为胻），狂证、疟疾、温热病以及汗出（阳明法多汗），鼻流清涕或鼻出血、口唇生疮（音轸，唇疡。脉挟口环唇），颈部肿胀、喉痹（循颐循喉），腹部水肿（土不制水）。膺窗、乳中、乳根（皆本经乳间穴位），膝膑、股部伏兔（膝上六寸肉起处），小腿外侧、足跗上都疼痛。气盛则身以前发热（阳明行身之前），有余则消谷善饥（容易饥饿）、尿黄严重。不足则身以前皆寒冷，胃中寒而腹胀壅塞。
足太阴脾经：太阴脾经脉起于足大指，沿指内侧白肉际行走。经过核骨后（孤拐骨。张景岳说：不对，即大指后圆骨），内踝前（胫旁曰踝），上行经过腨（音善，足肚也。一作腨，音短，足跟也。然经中二字通用），沿胫膝股里。股内兼廉入腹中，归属于脾，联络胃（互为表里），向上穿过膈肌。挟咽连舌根（本，舌根也），散布舌下。支脉从胃（上膈）注入心宫。这条经血少而气旺，发生变动就会舌本强直（上声）。进食则呕吐，胃脘痛，心中喜欢打嗳气（即嗳）并且腹胀。大便通畅或排气后，病情缓解（病衰），脾病身体沉重（脾主肌肉）不能动摇。瘕积泄泻、小便闭塞及黄疸（脾湿），心烦心痛（即胃脘痛），食物难消化（食不下）。强行站立则股膝内侧多肿（脾主四肢），不能卧倒因为胃不和。
手少阴心经：手少阴心经脉起于心经，向下穿过膈肌直接联络小肠（互为表里）。支脉挟咽系于目系，直行者（从）心系上行至肺。向下出于腋下，沿臂后廉，行于太阴（脉）和心主（心包）之后。（行于这两条脉之后）。向下沿肘，循臂（内后廉）抵掌后，锐骨之端（掌后尖骨），止于小指末端（少冲穴，交手太阳小肠经）。这条经少血而多气，发生变动就会咽干（少阴火，脉挟咽）、心痛应。目黄、胁痛（系目出胁）、渴欲饮水，臂内（后廉）痛、掌心蒸热。
手太阳小肠经：手太阳小肠经脉，起于小指之端少泽穴（本经穴位）。沿手（外侧）上腕（臂骨尽处为腕），出踝中（掌侧腕下锐骨为踝），上臂骨（下廉）出肘内侧。两筋之间（外）后廉，出肩解（脊旁为膂，膂上两角为肩解）而绕肩胛（肩下成片骨）。交于肩上进入缺盆（肩下横骨陷中），直络心中，循嗌咽。向下穿过膈肌，抵胃，归属于小肠（小肠与心为表里）。支脉从缺盆上行颈颊，至目锐眦入耳中（至本经听宫穴）。支脉别行于颊，复上（音拙，目下），抵鼻至于目内眦（内角），络颧交足太阳接。嗌痛、颔肿（循咽循颈）、头难回（不可以顾），肩似拔兮胛似折（出肩循胛），耳聋、目黄、肿颊间（入耳至目下上颊）。这是所生病，主要主管液（小肠主液），颈领、肩、肘、臂（外廉）痛。这条经少气而多血。
足太阳膀胱经：足太阳膀胱经脉，起于目内眦，上额交巅。支脉从巅入耳（上）角，直行者从巅络脑间。还出下项，循肩膊（肩后之下为膊），挟脊（去脊各一寸五分，行十二俞等穴）抵腰，循膂旋（脊旁为膂）。络胃正属膀胱腑（互为表里），一支贯臀入腘传（从腰中下挟脊，行上中次下髎等穴，入腘委中穴，膝后曲处为腘）。一支从膊别贯胛（膂肉为胛），挟脊（去脊各三寸行附分、魄户、膏肓等穴）循髀（髀枢，股外为髀）合腘行（与前入者合）。贯腨（足肚）出踝（胫旁曰踝）循京骨（本经穴位，足外侧赤白肉际），小指外侧至阴穴（穴）全（交足少阴肾经）。这条经少气而多血，头痛、脊痛、腰如折。目似脱兮项似拔，腘如结兮腨如裂。痔（脉入肛）、疟（太阳疟）、狂癫疾并生（癫狂篇亦有刺太阳经者），鼻流清涕或鼻出血（太阳经气不能循经下行，上冲于脑而为鼽衄）、目黄而泪出。囟、项、背、腰、尻（尻，苦高切）病若动时皆痛彻。（以上病皆经脉所过之处。）
足少阴肾经：足肾经脉属少阴，斜从小指趋足心（涌泉穴）。出于然骨（一作谷，足内踝骨陷中）循内踝，入跟（足后跟）上腨内（廉）寻。上股（内）后廉直贯脊（会于督脉长强穴），属肾下络膀胱深（互为表里）。直行者从肾贯肝膈，入肺挟舌（本）循喉咙。支脉从肺络心上，注于胸（膻中）交手厥阴心包经。这条经多气而少血，发生变动病饥不欲食（腹内饥而不嗜食），咳唾有血（脉入肺故咳。肾主唾，肾损故见血），喝喝喘（肾气上奔），目KT（瞳子属肾），心悬（脉络心，水不制火），坐起辄（坐而欲起，阴虚不宁），善恐（心惕惕）如人将捕之（肾志恐），咽肿舌干兼口热（少阴火），上气（肾水溢而为肿）、心痛或心烦（脉络心），黄疸（肾水乘脾，或为女劳疸），肠澼（肾移热于脾胃大肠，或痢或便血）及痿（骨痿）、厥（下不足则上厥），脊股后廉之内痛，嗜卧（少阴病，但欲寐）、足下热痛切。
手厥阴心包经：手厥阴经心主标，心包下膈络三焦（心包与三焦为表里）。起自胸中（膻中），支脉出胁，下腋三寸循腨（内）迢。太阴（肺）少阴（心）中间走，入肘下臂两筋超（掌后两筋横纹陷中），行掌心（劳宫穴）从中指出（中冲穴），支脉从小指次指交（小指内之次指，交三焦经）。这条经少气原多血，发生变动则病手心热（肘臂挛急，腋下肿，甚则支满在胸胁；心中憺憺时大动，面赤目黄笑不歇）、是主脉所生病者（心主脉），掌热心烦心痛掣（皆经脉所过）。
手少阳三焦经：手少阳三焦经脉，起手小指次指间（无名指关冲穴）。循腕（表手背）出臂（外）之两骨（天井穴），贯肘循腘外上肩。交出足少阳（胆）之后，入缺盆布膻中传（两乳中间）。散络心包而下膈，循属三焦表里联（三焦与心包为表里），支从膻中缺盆出，上项出耳上角巅。以屈下颊而至 ，支从耳后入耳（中）缘。出走耳前（过胆经客主人穴）交两颊，至目锐眦（外角）胆经连（交足少阳）。这条经少血还多气，耳聋、嗌肿及喉痹（少阳相火）。气所生病（气分三焦心包皆主相火）汗出多（火蒸为汗），颊肿痛及目锐眦，耳后、肩、肘、臂外，皆痛废及小次指（小指次指不用）。
足少阳胆经：足少阳脉胆之经，起于两目锐眦边。上抵头角下耳后，循颈行手少阳前（三焦）。至肩却出少阳后，入缺盆中支者分。耳后入耳（中）耳前走，支别锐眦下大迎（胃经穴，在颔前一寸三分动脉陷中）。合手少阳抵于 （目下），下加颊车下颈连。复合缺盆下胸（贯）膈，络肝属胆表里萦（互为表里）。循胁里向气街出（挟脐四寸动脉），绕毛际入髀厌横（横入髀厌，即髀枢），直者从缺盆下腋，循胸季胁过章门（胁骨下为季胁，即肝经章门穴）。下合髀厌（即髀枢）髀阳外（循髀外行太阳阳明之间），出膝外廉外辅（骨，即膝下两旁高骨）缘。下抵绝骨出外踝（外踝以上为绝骨，少阳行身侧，故每言外），循跗（足面）入小次指间。支者别跗入大指，循指岐骨出其端（足大指本节后为岐骨交肝经）。这条经多气而少血，发生变动口苦（胆汁上溢）、善太息（木气不舒）。心胁疼痛转侧难，足热（足外反热）、面尘体无泽（木郁不能生荣）。头痛、颔痛、锐眦痛，缺盆肿痛亦肿胁。马刀侠瘿颈腋生（少阳疮疡坚而不溃），汗出（少阳相火）、振寒多疟疾（少阳居半表半里，故疟发寒热，多属少阳）。胸胁、髀、膝（外）、胫、绝骨，外踝皆痛及诸节（皆经脉所过）。
足厥阴肝经：足厥阴肝脉所终，大指之端毛际丛（起大敦穴）。循足跗上（廉）上内踝（中封穴），出太阴后（脾脉之后）入腨中（内廉）。循股（阴）入毛（中）绕阴器，上抵小腹挟胃通。属肝络胆（互为表里）上贯膈，布于胁肋循喉咙（之后）。上入颃颡（咽颡，本篇后又云络舌本）连目系，出额会督顶巅逢（与督脉会于巅百会穴）。支脉复从目系出，下行颊里交环唇。支脉从肝别贯膈，上注于肺乃交宫（交于肺经）。这条经血多而气少，腰痛俯仰难为工（不可俯仰）。妇少腹痛男疝（脉抵小腹环阴器），嗌干（脉络喉咙）、脱色面尘蒙（木郁）。胸满呕逆及飧泄（木克土），狐疝遗尿（肝虚）或闭癃（肝火）。
Wang Ang's Commentary: The twelve meridians are the channels through which Qi circulates and Blood moves in the human body. Their pulse qi flows circumferentially with numerous branches, requiring careful differentiation and discussion to investigate the onset of diseases, the fluctuation of pathogenic factors, and the deficiency or excess of Qi and Blood. This allows one to grasp the key when seeking the cause of disease during clinical practice, avoiding confusion by superficial manifestations. This is why the significance of the meridian songs cannot be ignored. Readers say that straight-running vessels are Jing (Meridians), and branching vessels are Luo (Collaterals). It seems as if the meaning of Jing and Luo has been fully explained. However, the principles of the body's Jing and Luo are infinitely profound upon investigation. Some aspects can be analyzed separately to see their beginnings, while others can be discussed collectively to grasp their essence. The separate analysis reveals that Jing originates from the Middle Jiao and usually descends while carrying Ying (Nutrient) Qi upward; Luo originates from the Lower Jiao and usually ascends while attaching to Ying (Nutrient) Qi downward. Since Jing originates from the Middle Jiao, the ascending of Jing Qi actually exceeds that of Luo Qi. Since Luo originates from the Lower Jiao, the descending of Luo Qi actually surpasses that of Jing Qi. Therefore, Jing is primarily governed by Qi, while Luo is primarily governed by Blood. Because Jing governs Qi, external pathogens mostly invade the Jing first, leaving the Luo in a secondary position; because Luo governs Blood, when Jing pathogens become full, they overflow into the Luo, allowing the Luo to receive them. Thus, Jing often exists in a state of Excess, while Luo often exists in a state of Deficiency. When Luo becomes solid through Jing, it can no longer be considered deficient. Since Jing receives pathogens earliest, symptoms often manifest as Cold, with pulses being Floating and Tight at the Cun position; since Luo receives pathogens more slowly, symptoms often arise from Heat, with pulses commonly being Rapid and Choppy at the Chi position. Jing travels up and down with the body, making it easy for pathogens to enter and easy to disperse; Luo harbors pathogens in hidden and remote places, making entry difficult and dispersion arduous. Although texts state that Luo is outside Jing and pathogens enter via Luo first, once pathogens enter Jing and linger without dispersing, they overflow back into Luo, resulting in lingering symptoms. Thus, Jing and Luo can each suffer independently. Their distinct tendencies are so different that they do not mix. Discussing Jing and Luo as interconnected, although both originate from Zang organ Qi reception, they ultimately rely on the Great Qi of the body for propulsion, ensuring smooth circulation without deviation. Without this majestic Great Qi, imbalance would occur, obstructing Sheng (Vital) Qi, undermining the nourishment of Yuan (Original) Qi. This妙 (wonder) of integration is also不容忽视 (cannot be ignored). Therefore, early-stage diseases are often attributed to Jing, while chronic diseases are attributed to Luo. If chronic diseases linger unresolved, they are often attributed to the Qi Jing (Extraordinary Vessels). Hence, Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) largely explains pathology based on Jing transmission. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang* (Thousand Golden Prescriptions) focuses on Luo diseases and chronic conditions. Ye Tianshi of Suzhou, following Sun Simiao, wrote *Linzheng Zhinan* (Clinical Guide), emphasizing activating Luo for chronic diseases, all consistent with meridian theory. However, the acupoints are numerous and intricately distributed; without compiled songs for recitation, memorization is difficult. Having read Wang Ang's ancient song verses in *Bencao Beiyao* (Essentials of Materia Medica), which are convenient for the world, I attach them here for selection. Not only can beginners learn and recite them, but even experienced physicians can use them as an aid in clinical practice.
Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian: The Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian originates in the Middle Jiao, descends to connect with the Large Intestine (Lung and Large Intestine are exterior-interior pairs), passes through the upper epigastrium (cardia), ascends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung. From the Lung system (trachea/larynx), it emerges horizontally from under the axilla, curves inward along the arm (the area below the shoulder opposite the axilla, pronounced 'rou'), runs anterior to the Heart and Pericardium meridians, descends along the medial aspect of the elbow, follows the upper border of the forearm bone, enters the Cun Kou (pulse point anterior to the wrist crease), ascends to the Yu Ji (fleshy eminence at the base of the thumb), and terminates at the radial side of the nail bed of the thumb (Shaoshang point). A branch emerges from behind the wrist, connects to the radial side of the index finger, and intersects with the Yangming Large Intestine meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and little Blood. Pathological changes manifest as wheezing, chest fullness, and coughing (Lung governs Qi). Pulmonary distension, pain in Quepen (depression below the clavicle, a Stomach meridian point), crossing of hands causing numbness (pronounced 'mao') known as Arm Jue, are indicative. Diseases generated by the Lung include cough, rebellious Qi, asthma, thirst, heart vexation, and chest fullness/stagnation (meridians distribute in the chest). Pain along the anteromedial aspect of the arm, either cold/numbness or heat in the palm (Laogong point belongs to Pericardium), indicates involvement. Shoulder and back pain signifies excess Qi (collaterals intersect hands and ascend to shoulder/back); frequent urination with short volume or sweating indicates Lung governing skin/hair. Qi deficiency causes pain (cold pain in shoulder/back), changes in urine color (Mother affecting Child), and shortness of breath insufficient to complete inhalation (Lung deficiency).
Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian: The Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian originates at Shangyang (acupoint on the radial side of the index finger). It follows the radial border of the finger, emerges at Hegu (tiger's mouth between thumb and index), runs between two bones and two tendons (Yangxi point on the dorsal aspect), ascends along the lateral forearm to the elbow, continues along the lateral arm to the shoulder tip (Juyu), and meets the Dazhui point on the neck. It descends into Quepen, connects with the Lung, passes through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. A branch ascends from Quepen to the neck, crosses the cheeks to the lower teeth, encircles the lips at Renzhong, crosses left and right, and ends at Yingxiang beside the nostrils, intersecting the Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. This meridian has abundant Blood and Qi. Pathological changes include toothache and neck swelling. It governs disorders of Jinye (Body Fluids); symptoms include yellow eyes (internal heat), dry mouth (lack of fluids), rhinorrhea or epistaxis, throat obstruction, shoulder pain, and dysfunction/pain in the thumb and index finger.
Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian: The Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian originates at the nasal bridge, descends along the lateral nose into the upper gums, circles the lips, crosses at Chengjiang, passes behind the chin at Daying and Jiache, goes to the hairline above the ear and forehead. A branch follows the throat and Quepen. It descends through the diaphragm, belongs to the Stomach, and connects with the Spleen. The main trunk descends past the breast, alongside the umbilicus. A branch arises from the stomach, runs inside the abdomen, and meets the Qichong point. It continues from Biguan, down to the kneecap, along the lateral tibia to the dorsum of the foot, reaching the middle toe. Another branch enters the big toe at Lidui, ending the meridian's course (intersecting Taiyin). This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. Symptoms include chills, groaning, yawning, and dark complexion. Patients fear fire and people, dislike wood sounds, feel palpitations, desire solitude, and in severe cases, climb high or run naked. Abdominal rumbling and distension lead to leg Jue. Mania, malaria, warm diseases, and sweating occur. Rhinorrhea, epistaxis, lip ulcers, neck swelling, throat obstruction, and abdominal edema are possible. Pain occurs at Yingchuan, Ruzhong, Rugen, kneecap, Futu, lateral calf, and dorsum of the foot. Excess Qi causes heat in the anterior body, excessive hunger, and dark urine. Deficiency causes cold in the anterior body, gastric cold, and abdominal distension.
Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian: The Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian originates at the big toe, follows the medial white flesh margin, passes behind the metatarsal head, anterior to the medial malleolus, ascends along the medial tibia, knee, and thigh into the abdomen. It belongs to the Spleen, connects with the Stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, flanks the pharynx, attaches to the tongue root, and spreads under the tongue. A branch rises from the stomach/diaphragm and pours into the Heart. This meridian has little Blood but abundant Qi. Pathological changes include stiffness of the tongue root, vomiting after eating, epigastric pain, belching, and abdominal distension. Relief occurs after defecation or passing gas. Spleen disease causes heavy body, inability to move, accumulation diarrhea, urinary retention, jaundice, heart vexation, epigastric pain, indigestion, swelling of inner thighs/knees when standing, and inability to lie down due to Stomach disharmony.
Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian: The Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian originates in the Heart, descends through the diaphragm to connect with the Small Intestine. A branch flanks the pharynx and connects to the eye system. The main trunk descends from the Heart connection to the Lung, emerges from under the axilla, follows the posterior medial aspect of the arm, running behind the Taiyin and Pericardium meridians. It descends to the elbow, along the medial forearm to the posterior palm, ending at Xiaochong on the ulnar side of the little finger. This meridian has little Blood but abundant Qi. Pathological changes include dry throat, heart pain, yellow eyes, hypochondriac pain, thirst, and pain/heat in the medial arm and palm.
Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian: The Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine meridian originates at Shaose on the ulnar side of the little finger. It follows the dorsal hand, emerges at the wrist, passes the ulnar styloid process, ascends along the lateral forearm to the medial elbow, runs between two tendons along the posterior lateral arm, emerges at the shoulder joint, winds around the scapula, enters the supraclavicular fossa (Quepen), connects directly to the Heart, follows the pharynx, descends through the diaphragm to the Stomach, and belongs to the Small Intestine. A branch ascends from Quepen to the cheek, enters the ear at Tinggong. Another branch separates from the cheek, ascends to the infraorbital region, reaches the medial canthus, connects with the Zygomatic bone, and intersects the Foot-Taiyang Bladder meridian. Symptoms include sore throat, submandibular swelling, difficulty turning the head, shoulder/scapula pain resembling pulling or breaking, deafness, yellow eyes, and cheek swelling. It governs disorders of Ye (Fluids). Pain occurs in the neck, shoulder, elbow, and arm. This meridian has little Qi but abundant Blood.
Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian: The Foot-Taiyang Bladder meridian originates at the medial canthus, ascends to the forehead and vertex. A branch enters the ear angle from the vertex; the main trunk connects to the brain from the vertex, emerges down the nape, follows the shoulders, flanks the spine (1.5 cun lateral), reaches the waist, and spirals along the paraspinal muscles. It connects with the Stomach, belongs to the Bladder. One branch penetrates the buttocks into the popliteal fossa (Weizhong). Another branch separates from the shoulder, penetrates the scapular muscle, flanks the spine (3 cun lateral), follows the thigh, and merges with the first branch in the popliteal fossa. It passes through the calf, emerges at the lateral malleolus, follows Jinggu, and ends at Zhiyin on the lateral side of the little toe. Symptoms include headache, spinal pain, broken-back sensation, eyes feeling like popping out, neck feeling like pulling, tight popliteal fossa, and splitting calf pain. Hemorrhoids, malaria, mania, epilepsy, rhinorrhea, epistaxis, yellow eyes, and tearing occur. Pain affects the fontanelle, nape, back, waist, and sacrum. This meridian has little Qi but abundant Blood.
Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian: The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian obliquely approaches the sole from the little toe (Yongquan). It emerges at Ran Gu (medial malleolus depression), follows the medial malleolus, enters the heel, ascends along the medial calf, passes the medial posterior thigh, pierces the spine (Changqiang), belongs to the Kidney, and deeply connects with the Bladder. The main trunk rises from the Kidney, pierces the Liver and Diaphragm, enters the Lung, flanks the tongue root, and follows the throat. A branch leaves the Lung, connects to the Heart, pours into the Chest (Danzhong), and intersects the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium meridian. Symptoms include hunger without desire to eat, coughing/spitting blood, panting, pupil issues, palpitations/vacuity sensation, fear as if being hunted, swollen throat, dry tongue, oral heat, rebellious Qi, heart pain/vexation, jaundice, dysentery/bloody stool, bone萎 (atrophy), and Jue. Pain affects the posterior medial spine/thigh. Lethargy and hot/painful soles occur. This meridian has abundant Qi but little Blood.
Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian: The Hand-Jueyin Pericardium meridian originates in the Chest (Danzhong), exits the hypochondrium, descends 3 cun under the axilla, runs between the Taiyin and Shaoyin meridians, enters the elbow, descends between two tendons in the forearm, runs through the palm (Laogong), and exits at Zhongchong on the middle finger. A branch intersects the Sanjiao meridian at the ring finger. Symptoms include hot palms, arm/elbow spasm, axillary swelling, chest/hypochondriac fullness, palpitations, red face, yellow eyes, incessant laughter. It governs vessel-related diseases: hot palms, heart vexation, and heart pain. This meridian has little Qi but abundant Blood.
Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian: The Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao meridian originates between the ring and little fingers (Guanchong). It follows the wrist, emerges between the two forearm bones (Tianjing), penetrates the elbow, ascends along the lateral arm to the shoulder, emerges posterior to the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian, enters Quepen, distributes in Danzhong, scatters to connect with the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Sanjiao. A branch rises from Danzhong/Quepen to the neck, ear angle, and vertex. It curves down to the cheek, enters the ear from behind, exits anterior to the ear, crosses the cheeks, and ends at the lateral canthus, connecting with the Gallbladder meridian. Symptoms include deafness, swollen throat, throat obstruction, excessive sweating, cheek swelling, lateral canthus pain, and dysfunction of the ear, shoulder, arm, and ring finger. This meridian has little Blood but abundant Qi.
Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian: The Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian originates at the lateral canthus, ascends to the temporal angle, descends behind the ear, follows the neck anterior to the Hand-Shaoyang, emerges posterior to the shoulder, enters Quepen. A branch enters the ear, exits anterior to the ear, another branch descends from the lateral canthus to Daying, merges with Hand-Shaoyang below the eye, descends to Jiache and the neck, re-enters Quepen, descends through the chest/diaphragm, connects with the Liver, and belongs to the Gallbladder. It follows the hypochondrium to Qichong, circles the pubic hair, enters the hip joint (Bituo). The main trunk descends from Quepen to the axilla, follows the chest and costal margin past Zhangmen, meets Bituo again, runs along the lateral thigh, emerges at the lateral knee, follows the fibular head, descends to the lateral malleolus, runs along the dorsum of the foot, and enters the space between the fourth and fifth toes. A branch enters the big toe. Symptoms include bitter taste, sighing, hypochondriac pain, heat in the foot, dusty complexion, headache, jaw pain, lateral canthus pain, Quepen/swelling, scrofula/mumps, sweating, chills, and malaria. Pain affects the chest, hypochondrium, thigh, knee, calf, lateral malleolus, and joints. This meridian has abundant Qi but little Blood.
Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian: The Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian terminates at the hairy margin of the big toe (Dadun). It follows the dorsum of the foot, ascends to the medial malleolus (Zhongfeng), emerges posterior to the Taiyin Spleen meridian, enters the medial calf. It follows the medial thigh, enters the pubic region, surrounds the genitalia, ascends to the lower abdomen, flanks the Stomach. It belongs to the Liver, connects with the Gallbladder, pierces the diaphragm, distributes in the hypochondrium, follows the throat, enters the nasopharynx, connects to the eye system, emerges at the forehead, and meets the Du meridian at Baihui. A branch leaves the eye system, descends through the cheeks, circles the lips. Another branch separates from the Liver, pierces the diaphragm, ascends to the Lung, and intersects the Lung meridian. Symptoms include low back pain limiting flexion/extension, lower abdominal pain in women, hernia in men, dry throat, pale/dusty complexion, chest fullness, vomiting, undigested food diarrhea, nocturnal enuresis, or urinary retention. This meridian has abundant Blood but little Qi.