三部俱浮肺藏风。鼻中多水唾稠浓。壮热恶寒皮肉痛。颡干双目泪酸疼。
浮为风三部俱浮。则肺为风所伤。肺主气。气者卫也。风伤卫。则卫气不
得主于外。与风邪之气相角。循肺窍而出。是以鼻中多水。久则渐传于
肺之本脏。风火相煽。煎熬津液。而成涕唾浓痰。卫气者。阳气也。阳气郁
而不行。故壮热而恶寒。肺主皮毛。肺伤故皮肉痛。颡者。肺之系也。风火
相煎。故干。张世贤曰。金衰不能制木。木火俱盛。故双目流泪而酸疼也。
肺脉浮兼实。咽门燥又伤。大便难且涩。鼻内乏馨香。
肺脉本浮。今云浮兼实。盖浮而有力也。浮而有力为风。咽门。肺之道路
也。今肺有风邪。则咽门燥伤矣。藏病传府。故大便难且结也。又肺开窍
于鼻。上文云。鼻闻香臭辨。壅塞气相煎。今肺脉浮而兼实。则肺为风邪
所壅。故鼻窍为之壅塞矣。
实大相兼滑。毛焦涕唾粘。更和咽有燥。秋盛夏宜砭。
夫脉之实大为火。滑则为痰。今实大见于肺部。则知火煎熬而成痰矣。
咽。肺之道路。肺既有火。则咽燥矣。但此证非暴疾。乃陈年之疾也。每遇
秋则作。盖以其肺家素有火邪。当金旺之时。则乘时为虐。故秋盛也。治
之者。宜于长夏。当金沐浴之时。迎其气而夺之。至秋则不再作矣。
沉紧相兼滑。仍闻咳嗽声。
沉紧为寒。寒气客于肺。则肺有寒痰。故脉相兼而滑也。肺之变动为咳。
肺有寒痰故见咳嗽声也。
微浮兼有散。肺脉本家形。
微浮而散。秋之毛也。为肺之本脉。
溢出胸中满。气滞大肠鸣。
肺脉当浮涩而短。所谓短者。重手按之缩入关中也。今云溢出。是溢出
乎鱼际。肺苦气上逆。肺脉而溢。则是气上逆。而胸为之满矣。肺主气。气
盛则传于府。上盛则下虚。故气下泄。而大肠鸣也。
弦冷肠中结。
肺主气。大肠为传送之官。然大肠之所以传送者。盖赖肺气通畅。有力
传送而下也。张世贤曰。肺脉见弦。乃金不足。而妻乘之也。主大肠不温。
而为病结。治用温药。其气自通。
芤暴痛无成。
芤。失血脉也。肺为气多。血少之脏。肺脉见芤。无血可失。然芤为阳火。火
之发也暴。不过临时暴痛。而不能成其大害也。
沉细仍兼滑。因知是骨蒸。皮毛皆总涩。寒热两相承。
肺脉当浮。今脉见沉。是为阳虚。阳虚则生外寒。及乎重手取之。其脉见
细。是为阴虚。阴虚则生内热。滑为水中之火。从阳化则热。从阴化则寒。
故知其为骨蒸劳热之证。肺主皮毛。肺脉见沉细而滑。则其阴阳两虚。
皮毛失养。而寒热交作之证现矣。
三部脉象均呈现浮象,是肺脏受风邪侵袭。患者鼻中分泌物多且唾液粘稠浓稠。出现高热、恶寒以及皮肉疼痛的症状。咽喉干燥,双目流泪并伴有酸痛感。
浮脉主风证,若三部脉皆浮,说明肺脏被风邪所伤。肺主管气机,气即卫气。风邪损伤卫气,导致卫气不能正常固护于体表,与风邪之气相互抗争,顺着肺的窍道向外发散。因此鼻中流出大量水样分泌物。日久则逐渐传变至肺的本脏,风火相互煽动,煎熬津液,形成涕唾浓痰。卫气属于阳气,阳气郁结而不能正常运行,所以出现壮热和恶寒。肺主皮毛,肺脏受伤故引起皮肉疼痛。“颡”(鼻咽部)是肺系的通道。风火相互煎熬,导致其干燥。张世贤说:金(肺)衰弱不能制约木(肝),导致木火两盛,所以双目流泪且酸疼。
肺脉浮而兼见实象,咽门燥涩且受损。大便困难且涩滞不畅,鼻内嗅觉减退或丧失。
肺脉本应为浮,如今浮脉兼见实象,即浮而有力。浮而有力主风证。咽门是肺气的通道。如今肺中有风邪,导致咽门燥涩受损。脏腑病变由脏传腑,所以大便困难且结滞。另外肺开窍于鼻,上文提到“鼻闻香臭辨”,若气机壅塞受热煎熬,如今肺脉浮而兼实,说明肺被风邪壅塞,因此鼻窍为之闭塞。
实大脉相兼滑脉,毛发焦枯,涕唾粘稠。若再伴有咽喉干燥,应在长夏季节采用砭石疗法。
脉象实大代表火邪,滑脉代表痰湿。如今实大脉见于肺部,可知是火热煎熬津液而成痰。咽是肺的通道,肺既有火邪,则咽喉干燥。但此证并非突发急病,而是陈年旧疾。每逢秋季发作,因为肺家素来有火邪,当金气旺盛之时(秋季属金),便乘时而肆虐,所以在秋季病情加重。治疗者,宜在长夏季节,正值金气沐浴(休囚)之时,顺应其气机而攻夺其实邪,到了秋季就不再发作了。
沉紧脉相兼滑脉,仍能听到咳嗽声。
沉紧脉主寒证,寒气客居于肺,则肺中有寒痰,所以脉象相兼而滑。肺的变动表现为咳,肺有寒痰,所以出现咳嗽声。
微浮脉兼见散脉,这是肺脉的本然形态。
肺脉应当是浮涩而短。所谓“短”,是指重按手指时,脉搏缩入关部之中。如今说“溢出”,是指溢出到鱼际部位。肺苦于气机上逆,肺脉溢出,则是气机上逆,导致胸中胀满。肺主气,气盛则传于腑,上盛则下虚,所以气向下泄,导致大肠鸣响。
弦脉主冷,肠中结滞。
肺主气,大肠是传导之官。但大肠之所以能传导,依赖于肺气通畅有力,推动传送而下。张世贤说:肺脉见弦,是金不足,而被木(肝)乘克所致。主要症状是大肠不温,从而产生结滞病证。治疗使用温药,气机自然通畅。
芤脉主暴痛,但难以形成大害。
芤脉是失血脉。肺是多气少血的脏器。肺脉见芤,看似无血可失。然而芤脉也象征阳火,火邪发作猛烈突然,不过是临时的剧烈疼痛,而不能造成大的危害。
沉细脉仍兼滑脉,由此可知是骨蒸劳热。皮毛皆总显涩滞,寒热交替出现。
肺脉应当是浮脉,如今脉见沉,这是阳虚。阳虚则生外寒。等到重手取脉,脉象见细,这是阴虚。阴虚则生内热。滑脉是水中之火,从阳化则为热,从阴化则为寒。所以知道这是骨蒸劳热的证候。肺主皮毛,肺脉见沉细而滑,说明阴阳两虚,皮毛失去滋养,从而出现寒热交替发作的证候。
All three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) present a floating pulse, indicating wind pathogen invading the Lung Zang. There is excessive nasal discharge and thick, viscous saliva. The patient experiences high fever, aversion to cold, and pain in the skin and muscles. The nasopharynx is dry, and the eyes tear with an acrid, painful sensation.
A floating pulse indicates wind. If the pulse is floating at all three positions, it signifies that the Lung has been injured by wind. The Lung governs Qi, which corresponds to Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Wind damages Wei Qi, preventing it from properly guarding the exterior. It contends with the wind pathogen and exits through the orifices of the Lung. Consequently, there is excessive watery nasal discharge. Over time, this transmits to the Lung Zang itself. Wind and fire mutually exacerbate each other, scorching body fluids and forming thick phlegm and sputum. Wei Qi is Yang Qi; when Yang Qi is constrained and fails to circulate freely, it results in high fever and aversion to cold. The Lung governs the skin and hair; injury to the Lung causes pain in the skin and muscles. The "Sang" (nasopharynx) is the connection of the Lung. Scorching by wind and fire causes dryness. Zhang Shixian stated: When Metal (Lung) is deficient and cannot control Wood (Liver), both Wood and Fire flourish, causing the eyes to tear and ache.
The Lung pulse is floating and combined with a Full (Shi) quality, leading to dryness and damage to the throat gate. Defecation is difficult and obstructed, and the sense of smell in the nose is diminished or lost.
The Lung pulse is naturally floating; now it is floating combined with Fullness, meaning it is forceful upon palpation. A forceful floating pulse indicates wind. The throat gate is the pathway of the Lung. With wind pathogen in the Lung, the throat gate becomes dry and damaged. Disease transmission from Zang to Fu organs results in difficult and constipated stools. Furthermore, the Lung opens into the nose. As mentioned earlier, "the nose distinguishes odors." If Qi is congested and scorched by heat, and the Lung pulse is floating and full, the Lung is congested by wind pathogen, causing nasal obstruction.
Full and Large qualities combined with Slippery (Hua) pulse indicate burnt hair and sticky sputum. If accompanied by dry throat, bloodletting with Bian stones should be employed during late summer.
A Full and Large pulse indicates Fire pathogen, while a Slippery pulse indicates Phlegm-Dampness. When Full and Large pulses appear in the Lung position, it indicates that Fire has scorched fluids to form Phlegm. The throat is the Lung's pathway; with Fire in the Lung, the throat becomes dry. However, this condition is not an acute onset but a chronic ailment. It flares up every autumn because the Lung inherently harbors Fire pathogen. When Metal Qi is prosperous (in autumn), the pathogen takes advantage of the season to wreak havoc, hence the severity in autumn. Treatment should be administered during late summer, when Metal Qi is in a state of rest (Mu Yu), to counteract the Qi and drain the excess, preventing recurrence in autumn.
Deep (Chen) and Tight (Jin) qualities combined with Slippery (Hua) pulse are associated with the sound of coughing.
Deep and Tight pulses indicate Cold pathogen. When Cold lodges in the Lung, Cold-Phlegm accumulates, resulting in a Slippery pulse. The manifestation of Lung dysfunction is cough; thus, Cold-Phlegm in the Lung produces coughing sounds.
Slightly Floating (Wei Fu) combined with Scattered (San) pulse represents the natural shape of the Lung pulse.
Slightly Floating and Scattered is the "Hair" pulse (Floating pulse) of autumn, representing the normal pulse of the Lung organ.
Pulse overflowing into the Thenar eminence (Yu Ji) indicates chest fullness, Qi stagnation, and borborygmus in the large intestine.
The Lung pulse should be Floating, Obstructed (Se), and Short. "Short" means that under heavy pressure, the pulse feels as if it retreats into the Guan position. Here, "overflowing" refers to overflow into the Yu Ji area. The Lung dislikes Qi rebellion. An overflowing Lung pulse indicates rebellious Qi, causing chest fullness. The Lung governs Qi; when Qi is excessive, it transmits to the Fu organs. Upper excess leads to lower deficiency, so Qi descends abnormally, causing borborygmus in the large intestine.
Wiry (Xian) pulse indicates cold and intestinal knotting.
The Lung governs Qi, and the Large Intestine is the official of transmission. However, the Large Intestine relies on smooth and powerful Lung Qi for transportation downward. Zhang Shixian stated: A Wiry pulse in the Lung indicates insufficient Metal being overacted upon by Wood. This primarily manifests as a cold Large Intestine leading to pathological knotting. Treatment involves warming herbs, after which Qi circulation will naturally resume.
Empty (Kou) pulse indicates sudden pain but does not lead to severe harm.
The Empty pulse indicates loss of Blood. The Lung is an organ abundant in Qi and deficient in Blood. An Empty pulse in the Lung suggests no significant blood loss. However, the Empty pulse also symbolizes Yang Fire. Fire attacks suddenly and violently, causing temporary severe pain, but it does not cause major devastation.
Deep (Chen) and Fine (Xi) qualities combined with Slippery (Hua) pulse indicate Bone-steaming Consumption Fever. The skin and hair appear generally rough and obstructed, with alternating chills and fever.
The Lung pulse should be Floating. A Deep pulse indicates Yang deficiency, which generates external cold. Upon heavy pressure, a Fine pulse indicates Yin deficiency, which generates internal heat. A Slippery pulse represents Fire within Water; transforming via Yang it becomes heat, transforming via Yin it becomes cold. Thus, this indicates Bone-steaming Consumption Fever. The Lung governs the skin and hair. A Deep, Fine, and Slippery Lung pulse indicates dual deficiency of Yin and Yang, causing malnourishment of the skin and hair, manifesting as alternating chills and fever.