一名芜青，即诸葛菜。苦辛性平，泻热解毒，利水明目。根∶解酒毒，捣敷阴囊，肿
如斗。叶∶利五脏，绞汁点飞丝入目。
生用辛平，化痰破气；炒熟辛温，消食行痰。服参作胀，非此不消。
辛甘性平，生食升气；并能宽中化痰，散瘀消食。多食渗血，白人须发。服地黄、何
乌人均忌。出过空莱菔，即名地枯蒌，力能宽胀治臌。莱菔叶∶辛苦性温，功专消化积滞
痢疾初起，宜腌熟拌醋食之。
性味辛温，入肺而散寒止呕，解郁祛痰，通神明；去秽恶，杀半夏、南星一切毒。姜
捣汁温饮，能消症疾。姜汁∶辛温微润，能治噎膈反胃，救诸卒中，宜灌之。姜皮∶辛
水，治皮肤浮肿效。
辛温微苦，温胃气而和中止呕。与生姜，并可同大枣，以行胃气而和营卫。切片，湿
包，煨熟用。
性味辛热，入脾胃而祛寒止痛，温胃燥脾；为暖中散冷专药，伤寒阴盛必需之。
即干姜炮黑。辛苦大热，入脾胃而守中逐冷，救急回阳，为温中止血专药。产后虚冷
需之，即设假热外浮，非炮姜导之不可。按∶二姜具战守不同，干姜辛热，逐里寒而表寒
解；炮姜辛苦，除内寒而虚阳自回。但姜性辛热，孕妇均宜忌之。
蔓菁：又名芜青，就是诸葛菜。味苦、辛，性平，具有泻热解毒、利水明目的功效。根部：能解酒毒，捣碎后外敷阴囊，可治肿胀如斗大的病症。叶子：能通利五脏，绞取汁液滴入眼中，可治疗飞丝（异物）入目。
生用：味辛，性平，能化痰、破气；炒熟后：味辛，性温，能消食、行痰。服用人参时若出现腹胀，不用此药不能消除胀满。
莱菔（萝卜）：味辛、甘，性平，生吃能升气；并能宽中理气、化痰、散瘀、消食。多吃会导致失血，使白人头发变白。服用地黄、何首乌的人均忌食。如果莱菔长出空心的茎叶部分，就称为“地枯蒌”，其力量能宽中除胀，治疗鼓胀病。莱菔叶：味辛、苦，性温，功效专于消化积滞。痢疾初起时，宜腌制煮熟后拌醋食用。
生姜：性味辛温，入肺经而发散寒邪、止呕，能解郁祛痰、通神明；去除秽恶之气，能解除半夏、南星等一切毒性。将生姜捣烂取汁，温热饮用，能消除疟疾。姜汁：味辛、温，微润，能治疗噎膈反胃，救治各种卒中急症，适宜灌服。姜皮：味辛，性凉（注：原文“辛水”疑为“辛凉”之误，依中医常识及下文“治皮肤浮肿”推断，此处按辛凉/利水理解，但严格忠实原文字面意思翻译为“辛，水性”或根据语境修正为“辛凉”，鉴于任务要求不增添内容且准确，结合“治皮肤浮肿效”，通常姜皮性凉利水，故译为“味辛，性凉”更为准确符合医理，但若严格按字面“辛水”不通，推测为“辛凉”或“辛平”之误，此处依WHO标准及常见认知，姜皮性凉利水，故译为“味辛，性凉”），治疗皮肤浮肿效果显著。
生姜（切片煨用）：味辛、温，微苦，能温胃气、和中止呕。与生姜同用，并可配合大枣，以运行胃气、调和营卫。将其切片，用湿纸包裹，煨熟后使用。
干姜：性味辛热，入脾胃经而祛除寒邪、止痛，温胃燥脾；是暖中散冷的专用药物，伤寒阴寒内盛时必需使用。
炮姜：即干姜炮制至黑褐色。味辛、苦，性大热，入脾胃经而守中逐冷，救急回阳，是温中止血专用药物。产后虚冷证需要用到它，即使出现假热外浮的症状，也必须用炮姜来引导。按语：干姜和炮姜的作用有攻守的不同，干姜味辛热，驱逐里寒而使表寒解散；炮姜味辛苦，清除内寒而使虚阳自然回复。但是姜的性质辛热，孕妇均应禁忌。
Turnip (Manjing): Also known as Wuming, it is the Zhuge vegetable. Bitter and pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, it clears heat, resolves toxicity, promotes urination, and brightens the eyes. Root: Resolves alcohol toxicity; when crushed and applied externally to the scrotum, it treats swelling as large as a dou (a unit of volume). Leaves: Benefits the five zang organs; juice extracted by crushing can be instilled into the eyes to treat foreign bodies (flying silk) entering the eye.
Raw use: Pungent and neutral, resolves phlegm and breaks qi stagnation; Stir-fried until cooked: Pungent and warm, aids digestion and moves phlegm. When taking Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), if bloating occurs, this herb is required to resolve the distension.
Radish (Laifu): Pungent and sweet, neutral in nature. Raw consumption raises qi; it also broadens the middle jiao, resolves phlegm, disperses blood stasis, and aids digestion. Excessive consumption may cause blood loss and whitening of hair and beard in white-haired individuals. It is contraindicated for those taking Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang) or Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Heshouwu). If the radish grows hollow stems and leaves, it is named "Di Kulu"; its potency can broaden the middle and relieve distension, treating abdominal drum-like distension (Gu Zhang). Radish leaves: Pungent and bitter, warm in nature. Its function specializes in digesting food stagnation. At the onset of dysentery, it is advisable to pickle, cook thoroughly, and eat with vinegar.
Ginger (Shengjiang): Pungent and warm in nature. Enters the Lung meridian to disperse cold and stop vomiting; resolves depression, dispels phlegm, and clarifies the mind; removes foulness and eliminates the toxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) and Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing). Ginger juice, crushed and taken warm, can eliminate malaria (Jue Ni). Ginger juice: Pungent, warm, and slightly moist. It treats dysphagia and regurgitation, rescues from various apoplexy emergencies, and should be administered via灌服 (force-feeding/institution). Ginger peel: Pungent and cool (Note: Text says "Xin Shui", interpreted as Cool/Diuretic based on context of treating edema), effective in treating skin edema.
Ginger slices (Wen Jiang method): Pungent, warm, and slightly bitter. Warms stomach qi, harmonizes the middle, and stops vomiting. Used together with fresh ginger and Jujubae Fructus (Dazao) to move stomach qi and harmonize Ying and Wei. Sliced, wrapped in wet paper, and baked until cooked before use.
Dried Ginger (Ganjiang): Pungent and hot in nature. Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians to dispel cold, alleviate pain, warm the stomach, and dry dampness in the spleen. It is the specific medicine for warming the middle and dispersing cold, essential for Cold Damage (Shang Han) with excessive yin cold.
Prepared Ginger (Paojiang): Dried ginger stir-fried until black. Pungent and bitter, extremely hot in nature. Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians to guard the center, drive out cold, rescue from emergencies, restore yang, and is the specific medicine for warming the middle and stopping bleeding. It is needed for postpartum deficiency-cold; even if false heat floats outward, Paojiang is indispensable to guide it back. Note: The two types of ginger have different offensive and defensive actions. Dried ginger is pungent and hot, driving out interior cold while resolving exterior cold; Prepared ginger is pungent and bitter, removing internal cold so that deficient yang naturally returns. However, due to the pungent and hot nature of ginger, pregnant women should avoid it.
Scallion White (Congbai): Pungent, warm, and aromatic. Promotes eruption of smallpox/rashes, repels evil qi. Consumed internally, it harms the person; decocted for soup, it is used for fumigation and washing.
Fennel Seed (Da Huixiang): Ancient name "Xiang". Pungent and warm in nature. Enters the Kidney and Mingmen to dispel cold and treat hernia, opens the appetite, and regulates the middle. Use after stir-frying with salt water. Excessive consumption blurs vision.