味苦。一云甘辛。性微寒。无毒。得土金之气。而感秋冬之令以生。降也。阳中阴也
。半夏为使。恶皂荚。畏藜芦。
【主治】主痰满胸胁中痞。心腹结气。风头痛。去痰下气。治伤寒寒热。（本经）能去
热
实。
烦闷。
珍）
【归经】入肺三焦二经。兼入脾胃大肠肝膀胱五经。为解散之品。（兼泻剂 降痰下气
要
药）
【前论】时珍曰。前胡性降。与柴胡纯阳上升不同。故其功长于下气。气下则火降。痰
亦降
散大
施之
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡阴虚火炽。煎熬真阴凝结为痰而嗽。真气虚而不归元。以致胸胁逆
满。
味甘辛。性微温。无毒。禀天地之阳气以生。升也。阳也。畏萆 。恶藜芦、白蔹、
干姜、芫花。
【主治】主大风头眩痛。恶风。风邪。目盲无所见。风行周身。骨节疼痛。（本经）烦
满
胁痛
赤眼。
（大明）治上焦风邪。泻肺实。散头目中滞气。经络中留湿。主上部见血。（元素）头痛目
眩。脊
【归经】入肝大肠三焦三经。为表发疏散之品。（搜肝泻肺 发表祛风胜湿）
【前论】苏恭曰。凡风药。皆能胜湿。东垣曰。卒伍卑贱之职。随所引而下。乃风药中
润剂
使也。
子脏风
药也。
【禁忌】经疏曰。似中风。产后血虚发痉诸病。血虚痉急。头痛不因风寒。溏泄不因寒
湿。
均
【前胡】
味苦。一说味甘辛。性微寒。无毒。禀受土、金二气，并感应秋冬季节的时令之气而生。药势主降。属于阳中之阴。以半夏为引经药（为使）。不喜与皂荚同用。畏惧藜芦。
【主治】主要治疗痰湿壅盛导致胸胁部痞闷堵塞感。心腹部的气机结滞郁结。风邪引起的头痛。祛除痰浊、降逆下气。治疗伤寒病中的寒热往来症状。（出自《神农本草经》）能够清除热实之邪。缓解烦闷。（李时珍语）
【归经】入肺经、三焦经。兼入脾、胃、大肠、肝、膀胱五经。属于疏散解表类药物。（兼有泻下作用，是降痰下气的要药）
【前论】李时珍说：前胡的药性主降，与柴胡纯阳上升的特性不同。所以它的功效长于下气。气机下行则火气随之下降，痰浊也随之降散。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：凡是阴虚火旺，煎熬真阴凝结成痰而咳嗽；或者真气虚弱不能归根纳元，导致胸胁部气逆胀满的情况，均不适用。
【防风】
味甘辛。性微温。无毒。禀受天地阳气而生。药势主升。属于阳。畏惧萆薢。不喜与藜芦、白蔹、干姜、芫花同用。
【主治】主要治疗大风引起的头晕目眩痛。恶风。风邪侵袭。眼睛失明看不见东西。风邪流行周身。骨节疼痛。（出自《神农本草经》）烦闷。胁肋疼痛。赤眼。（出自《名医别录》大明）治疗上焦风邪。清泻肺实。消散头目中的滞气。经络中停留的湿气。主要治疗上部出血症状。（李东垣语）头痛目眩。脊柱（疼痛/不适）。
【归经】入肝经、大肠经、三焦经。属于发表祛风胜湿类药物。（搜剔肝风、清泻肺热、发表祛风胜湿）
【前论】苏恭说：凡是风药，都能胜湿。李东垣说：它地位如同卑贱的士卒，随着引导药力下行，是风药中的润剂使者。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：类似中风的症状，产后血虚引起的发痉等病证。血虚导致的筋脉拘急痉挛。头痛不是由风寒引起的。溏泄（大便稀溏）不是由寒湿引起的。均不适用。
[Peucedani Radix (Qianhu)]
Bitter. Some say sweet and acrid. Slightly cold in nature. Non-toxic. It derives its qi from Earth and Metal, and is generated by sensing the commands of Autumn and Winter. Its action is descending. It is Yin within Yang. Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) serves as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Gleditsiae Spina (Zaojia). It fears Veratrum Root (Lilu).
【Indications】Primarily treats chest and hypochondriac fullness and obstruction due to phlegm accumulation. Qi stagnation and knotting in the heart and abdomen. Wind-induced headache. Expels phlegm and directs Qi downward. Treats alternating chills and fever in Shanghan (Cold Damage) diseases. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) It can clear heat excess. Relieves irritability and stuffiness. (Li Shizhen)
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Lung and Sanjiao (Triple Burner) meridians. Also enters the Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine, Liver, and Bladder meridians. It is a dispersing agent. (Also has a purgative effect; it is an essential herb for descending phlegm and directing Qi downward.)
【Preceding Discussion】Li Shizhen said: Peucedani Radix has a descending nature, which differs from Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), which is purely Yang and ascending. Therefore, its merit lies in directing Qi downward. When Qi descends, Fire also descends, and Phlegm dissipates.
【Contraindications】Miao Xiyong said: In cases of Yin deficiency with blazing fire, where true Yin is scorched and congealed into phlegm causing cough; or when True Qi is deficient and fails to return to its root, leading to reverse fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, it should not be used.
[Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng)]
Sweet and acrid. Slightly warm in nature. Non-toxic. It is generated by inheriting the Yang Qi of Heaven and Earth. Its action is ascending. It is Yang. It fears Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie). It is incompatible with Veratrum Root (Lilu), Ampelopsis Radix (Bailian), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang), and Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua).
【Indications】Primarily treats dizziness and pain caused by severe wind. Aversion to wind. Wind pathogens. Blindness or inability to see. Wind pathogen circulating throughout the body. Pain in bone joints. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Irritability and fullness. Hypochondriac pain. Red eyes. (From *Mingyi Bielu* - Da Ming) Treats wind pathogens in the Upper Jiao. Purges Lung excess. Disperses stagnant Qi in the head and eyes. Eliminates retained dampness in the collaterals. Primarily treats bleeding from the upper part of the body. (Li Dongyuan) Headache and dizziness. Spine [pain/discomfort].
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Liver, Large Intestine, and Sanjiao (Triple Burner) meridians. It is a surface-releasing, wind-dispersing, and damp-expelling agent. (Searches out Liver wind, purges Lung heat, releases the exterior, dispels wind, and overcomes dampness.)
【Preceding Discussion】Su Gong said: All wind herbs can overcome dampness. Li Dongyuan said: It holds a humble position like a low-ranking soldier, following the guidance of other herbs downward, serving as a moistening agent among wind herbs.
【Contraindications】Miao Xiyong said: In conditions resembling wind stroke, postpartum blood deficiency causing spasms, and other such diseases. Blood deficiency leading to spastic stiffness. Headache not caused by wind-cold. Loose stools not caused by cold-dampness. These are all contraindications.