味苦辛。性热。无毒。
【主治】主一切风气。补五劳七伤。通九窍。利关节。益精。明目。暖腰膝。破 癖症
瘕。
忍。咳
(甄
【归经】入心心包二经。为补阳活血之品。(兼补剂 手少阴血分药)
味辛甘。性温。无毒。
【主治】主利肝肺气。头痛。出汗。止烦。止唾。咳嗽。鼻 。理疏不足。表虚自汗。
风痹
邪从汗
【归经】入肺膀胱二经。为上行发表之品。(兼轻剂 能行肺气 散血分寒 横行肩臂)
味辛甘。性温。无毒。
【主治】主善行上焦。补阳气。散风邪。(医鉴)
【归经】入肺经。为表散之品。(兼轻剂 专入上焦 亦能横行于肩臂)
【前论】海藏曰。桂枝入足太阳。桂心入手少阴血分。肉桂入足少阴厥阴血分。细薄者
为嫩
头
其
霍乱转筋。腰痛。堕胎。温中。坚筋骨。通血脉。宣导百药无所畏者。肉桂之所治。以其病
皆得之命门真火不足。阳虚寒动于中。及一切里虚阴寒寒邪客里也。
鳌按、本草有菌筒桂、牡桂、板桂、天竺桂之殊。今所用者亦罕分别。惟以肉浓味辛甘
气香
枝二
有归
肉桂
虽一物
治虚哕。小
霍乱心痛。
) 心腹冷气
【归经】入肺脾胃三经。为暖补之品。(泄肺温胃补肾)
【前论】寇氏曰。丁香治脾冷气不和甚良。母者尤佳。丹溪曰。人之阴气。依胃为养。
土伤
助
口气
鳌按、呃逆多由于火。容有因寒而致者。亦止呃逆症中一 。故以丁香、柿蒂治之而败
者。
可耳
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡病非属虚寒。一切有火热症者忌。
【桂心】
味道苦、辛。性质大热。无毒。
【主治】主治各种风邪之气。补益五劳七伤。疏通九窍。利通关节。增益精气。明亮双目。温暖腰膝。破除积聚形成的癖症和瘕块。
【归经】入心经和心包经。属于补阳活血的药物。(兼作补剂,是手少阴心经血分的药物)
【桂枝】
味道辛、甘。性质温。无毒。
【主治】主治调和肝肺之气。头痛。发汗。止烦渴。止唾沫。咳嗽。鼻塞。调理卫气不足。治疗表虚自汗。
【归经】入肺经和膀胱经。属于上行发表的药物。(兼作轻剂,能运行肺气,散除血分中的寒邪,横行于肩臂部位)
【柳桂】(注:原文此处标题为柳桂,但内容主要描述肉桂及前论,结合上下文“味辛甘...暖补之品”及后文“肉桂之所治”,此处对应肉桂功效部分,但根据原文结构,第三段开头无明确病名,仅述性味主治,随后接【前论】海藏曰...提到桂枝、桂心、肉桂区别,再后接【鳌按】提到菌筒桂等,最后一段【禁忌】。仔细观察原文结构,第三段“味辛甘...专入上焦...”实为对“柳桂”或特定桂类的描述,但紧接着【前论】海藏曰将桂枝、桂心、肉桂并列讨论。再看第四段“味辛甘...暖补之品...入肺脾胃三经”,这明显是肉桂的描述。原文排版较为混乱,存在多处错简或断行。
重新梳理原文逻辑:
1. 第一段:桂心。味苦辛,性热。主治风气、五劳七伤等。归心、心包。
2. 第二段:桂枝。味辛甘,性温。主治肝肺气、头痛、出汗等。归肺、膀胱。
3. 第三段:标题为“柳桂”。味辛甘,性温。主治善行上焦,补阳气,散风邪。归肺经。
4. 【前论】海藏曰:对比桂枝、桂心、肉桂的归经和主治。指出肉桂主治霍乱转筋、腰痛等,因命门真火不足。
5. 【鳌按】:提到本草中桂的种类。接着出现“味辛甘...暖补之品...入肺脾胃三经”,这通常是肉桂的特征。但原文在【鳌按】之后直接接了这段性味主治,且提到了“丁香治脾冷气...”。这里似乎夹杂了丁香的论述?
仔细看:“【鳌按】...今所用者亦罕分别...惟以肉浓味辛甘气香...有归...肉桂...虽一物...治虚哕...霍乱心痛...心腹冷气...【归经】入肺脾胃三经...【前论】寇氏曰。丁香治脾冷气...鳌按...呃逆多由于火...可耳”。
看来原文在“肉桂”的描述中混杂了“丁香”的内容,或者“柳桂”之后直接跳到了肉桂和丁香的混合讨论。
为了忠实于“逐句对照翻译”,我将按照原文出现的顺序进行翻译,即使原文逻辑有跳跃或错乱。
修正后的分段翻译策略:
1. 桂心部分。
2. 桂枝部分。
3. 柳桂部分(原文第三段)。
4. 【前论】海藏曰部分。
5. 【鳌按】部分(包含对桂种类的评论,以及后续看似属于肉桂或丁香的性味主治描述,需仔细辨析)。
- 原文:“味辛甘。性温。无毒。【主治】主善行上焦...【归经】入肺经...” -> 这是柳桂。
- 原文:“【前论】海藏曰...肉桂之所治...” -> 这是海藏的论述。
- 原文:“【鳌按】...惟以肉浓味辛甘气香...【归经】入肺脾胃三经...【前论】寇氏曰。丁香...鳌按...呃逆...”
- 注意:在【鳌按】之后,有一段“味辛甘...暖补之品...入肺脾胃三经”,这紧接在“肉桂之所治”的讨论之后,且提到“泄肺温胃补肾”,这符合肉桂特征。但紧接着又是“【前论】寇氏曰。丁香...”。
- 再往后,“【禁忌】经疏曰...”。
让我们严格按照文本流翻译:
【桂心】
味苦、辛。性热。无毒。
【主治】主治一切风邪之气。补益五劳七伤。通利九窍。利通关节。益精。明目。暖腰膝。破除癖症和瘕块。
【归经】入心经和心包经。属于补阳活血的药物。(兼作补剂,是手少阴心经血分的药物)
【桂枝】
味辛、甘。性温。无毒。
【主治】主治利肝肺之气。头痛。发汗。止烦。止唾。咳嗽。鼻塞。调理卫气不足。治疗表虚自汗。
【归经】入肺经和膀胱经。属于上行发表的药物。(兼作轻剂,能行肺气,散血分寒邪,横行于肩臂)
【柳桂】
味辛、甘。性温。无毒。
【主治】主治善于运行上焦。补益阳气。疏散风邪。(引自《医鉴》)
【归经】入肺经。属于表散的药物。(兼作轻剂,专入上焦,也能横行于肩臂)
【前论】海藏说:桂枝入足太阳膀胱经。桂心入手少阴心经血分。肉桂入足少阴肾经和厥阴肝经血分。细薄的为嫩桂头。其主治霍乱转筋、腰痛、堕胎、温中、坚筋骨、通血脉、宣导百药无所畏惧的,是肉桂所治疗的病症。因为这些病都源于命门真火不足,阳虚寒动于中,以及一切里虚阴寒、寒邪客于体内。
【鳌按】:本草中有菌筒桂、牡桂、板桂、天竺桂的区别。如今所用的也很少分别。只以肉质厚、味辛甘、气香的为主。
(此处原文插入了一段关于肉桂/桂类的性味主治,虽然格式上紧接鳌按,但内容独立)
味辛、甘。性温。无毒。
【主治】主治暖补。(泄肺、温胃、补肾)
【归经】入肺、脾、胃三经。属于暖补的药物。
【前论】寇氏说:丁香治疗脾脏冷气不和非常有效,母丁香尤其好。丹溪说:人的阴气,依靠胃来滋养。
【鳌按】:呃逆多由于火引起,也有因寒导致的,也只是呃逆症中的一小部分。所以用丁香、柿蒂治疗而失败的,是可以理解的。
【禁忌】《医宗金鉴·删补名医方论》(简称经疏)说:凡是疾病不属于虚寒的,一切有火热症状的都忌用。
[Guixin (Cinnamon Heart)]
Taste: Bitter, Pungent. Nature: Hot. Non-toxic.
[Maintaining Health] Mainly treats all kinds of wind-pathogens. Tonifies the Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries. Unblocks the Nine Orifices. Benefits the joints. Nourishes Essence. Brightens the eyes. Warms the waist and knees. Breaks up accumulations forming Pi masses (fixed abdominal masses) and Jia masses (mobile abdominal masses).
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart Meridian and Pericardium Meridian. It is a substance that tonifies Yang and invigorates Blood. (Also serves as a tonic; it is a drug for the Blood aspect of the Hand-Shaoyin [Heart] Meridian.)
[Guzhi (Cinnamon Twig)]
Taste: Pungent, Sweet. Nature: Warm. Non-toxic.
[Maintaining Health] Mainly benefits the Qi of the Liver and Lungs. Treats headache. Induces sweating. Relieves restlessness. Stops salivation/phlegm spitting. Treats cough. Relieves nasal congestion. Regulates deficiency in Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Treats spontaneous sweating due to exterior deficiency.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung Meridian and Bladder Meridian. It is a substance that ascends and releases the exterior. (Also serves as a light agent; it can circulate Lung Qi, disperse Cold in the Blood aspect, and move horizontally across the shoulders and arms.)
[Liu Gui (Willow Cinnamon)]
Taste: Pungent, Sweet. Nature: Warm. Non-toxic.
[Maintaining Health] Mainly acts well on the Upper Jiao. Tonifies Yang Qi. Disperses Wind pathogens. (From *Yi Jian*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung Meridian. It is a substance for releasing the exterior. (Also serves as a light agent; it specifically enters the Upper Jiao and can also move horizontally across the shoulders and arms.)
[Previous Discussion] Haizang said: Guizhi enters the Foot-Taiyang [Bladder] Meridian. Guixin enters the Hand-Shaoyin [Heart] Meridian Blood aspect. Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) enters the Foot-Shaoyin [Kidney] and Foot-Jueyin [Liver] Meridian Blood aspects. The thin slices are the tender tips of the cinnamon branch. Its treatment of Huoluan with muscle cramps, lower back pain, inducing abortion, warming the Middle Jiao, strengthening sinews and bones, unblocking blood vessels, and facilitating all other drugs without fear, belongs to the indications of Rougui. This is because these diseases stem from insufficiency of the True Fire of the Gate of Vitality (Mingmen), Yang deficiency causing internal movement of Cold, and all cases of interior deficiency with Yin-Cold or Cold pathogens lodging in the interior.
[Ao's Note]: The Materia Medica distinguishes between Juntong Gui, Mugui, Bangui, and Tianzhu Gui. Nowadays, these distinctions are rarely made in usage. One mainly selects those with thick flesh, pungent and sweet taste, and fragrant aroma.
Taste: Pungent, Sweet. Nature: Warm. Non-toxic.
[Maintaining Health] Mainly provides warmth and tonification. (Drains Lung, warms Stomach, tonifies Kidney)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung, Spleen, and Stomach meridians. It is a substance for warming and tonifying.
[Previous Discussion] Kou Shishi said: Dingxiang (Clove) is very effective in treating disharmony caused by Cold Qi in the Spleen, with Mother Cloves being especially good. Danxi said: Human Yin Qi relies on the Stomach for nourishment.
[Ao's Note]: Hiccups are mostly caused by Fire, though some result from Cold. These constitute only a small portion of hiccup cases. Therefore, when treatments using Dingxiang and Shi Di (Persimmon Calyx) fail, it is understandable.
[Contraindications] *Jingshu* (likely referring to *Bencao Jing Shu*) states: For any disease not belonging to Deficiency-Cold, all conditions involving Heat-Fire symptoms are contraindicated.