味苦。性温。有大毒。决明为使。反甘草。
【主治】主咳逆上气。瘴疟。（本经）主消胸中痰水。喜唾。水肿。五水在五脏皮肤。
及
腰痛
痹。一
【归经】入肺脾肾三经。为行水之品。（专去水饮痰癖）
【前论】士瀛曰。破癖须用芫花。行水后即便养胃可也。时珍曰。饮有五。皆由内啜水
浆。
可徐
【炮制】纲目曰。凡使。取陈久者醋煮十数沸。去醋。水浸一宿。晒干。则毒减。醋炒
者次
味苦甘。性平。无毒。得火土之气。兼禀天之阳气以生。降也。阳中阴也。苡仁为
畏葵根、大黄、柴胡、前胡。
【主治】主腰脊痛强。骨节风寒湿周痹。恶疮不瘳。（本经）热气伤中。恚怒。阴痿。
失
溺。
膀胱宿
疮。（纲目）
【归经】入肝胃肾三经。为祛风湿理下焦之品。
【前论】史国信曰。若欲兴阳。先滋筋力。若欲便清。先分肝火。时珍曰。萆 足阳明
厥阴
属风湿者。
【禁忌】经疏曰。下部无湿。肾虚腰痛。及阴虚火炽。均忌。
【炮制】备要曰。有黄白二种。黄长硬。白虚软。软者良。
味甘淡。性平。无毒。忌茗醋。
【主治】主调中。止泄。健行。不睡。（藏器）治筋骨拘挛。杨梅疮毒。去风湿。利关
节
。瘰
【归经】入胃大肠二经。为除湿清热之品。
【前论】时珍曰。杨梅疮有数种。治之则一。其症多属厥阴阳明。而兼他经。邪之所在。
则
肉
变
芫花：
味苦。性温。有大毒。以决明为引药。与甘草相反。
【主治】主要治疗咳嗽气逆上冲。瘴疟。（出自《本经》）主要消除胸中的痰和水饮。多唾涎沫。水肿。五脏及皮肤间的五种水饮病。以及腰痛。痹证。
【归经】入肺、脾、肾三经。属于行水类药物。（专门去除水饮和痰癖）
【前论】士瀛说。破除积癖必须使用芫花。行水之后随即调理胃气即可。李时珍说。水饮有五种。都是由内部饮用生水引起。可以慢慢……
【炮制】《本草纲目》说。凡使用芫花。选取陈久的药材。用醋煮十几沸。去掉醋。用水浸泡一夜。晒干。则毒性减轻。用醋炒制的次之。
萆薢：
味苦甘。性平。无毒。得火土之气。兼禀受天的阳气而生。主降。属于阳中之阴。苡仁为其畏药。忌葵根、大黄、柴胡、前胡。
【主治】主要治疗腰脊疼痛僵硬。骨节风寒湿引起的周身痹证。恶疮久不愈合。（出自《本经》）热气损伤中焦。愤怒。阳痿。小便失禁。膀胱宿留的疮毒。（出自《纲目》）
【归经】入肝、胃、肾三经。属于祛风湿、理下焦的药物。
【前论】史国信说。若想兴阳。先要滋养筋力。若想小便清利。先要分清肝火。李时珍说。萆薢属足阳明、厥阴经。对于属于风湿者……
【禁忌】《本草经疏》说。下部无湿。肾虚腰痛。以及阴虚火旺者。均忌用。
【炮制】《本草备要》说。有黄白两种。黄色的长而硬。白色的虚而软。软的为好。
土茯苓：
味甘淡。性平。无毒。忌茶和醋。
【主治】主要调理中焦。止泻。健步。改善睡眠。（出自《本草拾遗》）治疗筋骨拘挛。杨梅疮毒。去除风湿。利关节。瘰疬……
【归经】入胃、大肠二经。属于除湿清热的药物。
【前论】李时珍说。杨梅疮有多种类型。治疗方法却是一样的。其症状多属于厥阴、阳明经。而兼及其他经。邪气所在之处。则……肉变……
*Huanyua (Radix Genkwa)*:
Bitter in taste. Warm in nature. Highly toxic. *Jueming* (Lithopses Semen) serves as the guiding herb. It is incompatible with *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae).
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi and upward rushing of qi. Zang malaria. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Primarily eliminates phlegm-fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium. Excessive salivation. Edema. The five types of fluid retention affecting the five z-organs and skin. As well as lower back pain. Bi syndrome.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. It is a drug that promotes water metabolism. (Specifically removes fluid retention and phlegm-stagnation.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Shi Ying stated: To break up phlegm-stagnation, one must use Huanyua. After promoting water metabolism, one should subsequently nourish the Stomach qi. Li Shizhen stated: There are five types of fluid retention, all caused by internal consumption of raw water. It can be treated gradually...
[Processing] *Bencao Gangmu* states: When used, select aged material. Boil with vinegar for more than ten boils. Discard the vinegar. Soak in water overnight. Sun-dry to reduce toxicity. Vinegar-fried material is of secondary quality.
*Bixie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae)*:
Bitter and sweet in taste. Neutral in nature. Non-toxic. It acquires the qi of Fire and Earth, and additionally inherits the yang qi of Heaven in its generation. It has a descending action. It is yin within yang. *Yiren* (Semen Coicis) is its feared herb. It is incompatible with *Kuigen* (Radix Malvae), *Dahuang* (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), *Chaihu* (Radix Bupleuri), and *Qianhu* (Radix Peucedani).
[Indications] Primarily treats pain and stiffness of the waist and spine. Generalized Bi syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness affecting bone joints. Malignant sores that do not heal. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Heat qi damaging the middle jiao. Anger. Impotence. Urinary incontinence. Chronic sores in the bladder. (From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver, Stomach, and Kidney meridians. It is a drug that dispels wind-dampness and regulates the lower jiao.
[Preliminary Discussion] Shi Guoxin stated: If one wishes to promote yang, one must first nourish the sinews and strength. If one wishes for clear urination, one must first differentiate and clear Liver fire. Li Shizhen stated: Bixie belongs to the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Jueyin meridians. For cases belonging to wind-dampness...
[Contraindications] *Bencao Jing Shu* states: Contraindicated in cases of dampness absence in the lower part, kidney-deficiency lower back pain, and yin-deficiency with blazing fire.
[Processing] *Bencao Beiyao* states: There are yellow and white varieties. The yellow variety is long and hard; the white variety is hollow and soft. The soft variety is superior.
*Tufuling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae)*:
Sweet and bland in taste. Neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Incompatible with tea and vinegar.
[Indications] Primarily regulates the middle jiao. Stops diarrhea. Promotes vigorous walking. Improves sleep. (From *Chen Cangqi's Supplement to the Materia Medica*) Treats spasm and contraction of sinews and bones. Yaws toxin. Dispels wind-dampness. Benefits the joints. Scrofula...
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. It is a drug that removes dampness and clears heat.
[Preliminary Discussion] Li Shizhen stated: There are several types of yaws, but the treatment principle is the same. The symptoms mostly belong to the Jueyin and Yangming meridians, while also involving other meridians. Where the pathogen resides... the flesh changes...