别名血见愁。味酸咸。性寒。无毒。禀土水之气。兼得天令少阳之气以生。可升可降
。阴中阴也。
【主治】主寒湿风痹。黄胆。补中。（本经）止血内崩下血。膀胱不足。 跌蛊毒。可
以
染绛
产后
血。（
【归经】入心肝肾心包四经。为凉血行血之品。（兼通剂 肝心包血分药 凉无病之血
行已
伤
【前论】士瀛曰。色赤入营。气温行滞。味酸入肝。兼咸走血。专于行血活血。俗方治
女子
治。
【禁忌】经疏曰。病患虽见血症。若加泄泻。饮食不进者。忌。
味苦。性凉。无毒。禀天地清寒至阴之气以生。
【主治】主诸恶疮疥癣。风瘙 蚀。有虫。浸酒服。（大明）主一切失血。（时珍）
【归经】入心肝二经。为凉血止血之品。
【前论】元素曰。上部血。须用剪草、丹皮、天冬、麦冬。许叔微曰。此治痨瘵吐血损
肺。
鳌按、茜草剪草。均为治血药。但茜草止血。又能行血。故既止吐衄崩尿。又消瘀通经。
是
用
【禁忌】经疏曰。剪草大苦大寒。虽治血热妄行神效。若脾肾俱虚。胃口薄弱。见食欲
呕及
味甘。性微寒。无毒。
【主治】主小儿寒热。十二惊痫。（别录）小儿惊啼螈 。热拥客忤。胎风胎痫。（甄权）
大人
【归经】入肝心包二经。为息风静火之品。（除心热平肝风专能定惊止搐）
【前论】河间曰。足厥阴主风。手厥阴主火。惊痫眩晕。皆肝风相火之病。钩藤通心包
于肝
【炮制】时珍曰。钩藤久煎则无力。纯用钩。取其力锐也。
别名血见愁。味酸、咸。性寒。无毒。禀受土与水之气，兼得天令少阳之气以生发。可升可降，属于阴中之阴。
【主治】主要治疗寒湿风痹（因风寒湿邪阻滞经络引起的肢体疼痛麻木）、黄疸、补益中气。（出自《本经》）止血，治疗内脏出血及下部出血、膀胱功能不足、跌打损伤及蛊毒，可用于染成绛红色。产后出血。（部分文字残缺）
【归经】入心、肝、肾、心包四经，是凉血行血的药物。（兼通剂：肝、心包血分药，凉无病之血，行已伤之血）
【前论】士瀛说：色赤入营分，气温能行滞，味酸入肝，兼咸走血，专门用于行血活血。俗方治疗女子……（文字残缺）。
【禁忌】《本草经疏》说：患者虽然出现血症，但如果伴有泄泻、饮食不进者，忌用。
味苦。性凉。无毒。禀受天地清寒至阴之气以生发。
【主治】主要治疗各种恶疮、疥癣、风瘙蚀（皮肤瘙痒溃烂）、有虫。浸酒服用。（出自《大明本草》）治疗一切失血。（出自李时珍《本草纲目》）
【前论】元素（张元素）说：上部出血，必须使用剪草、丹皮、天冬、麦冬。许叔微说：此药治疗痨瘵吐血、损肺。
鳌按：茜草和剪草都是治疗血证的药物。但茜草既能止血，又能行血，所以既能止住吐衄崩漏尿血，又能消除瘀血、通经。这是其用法特点。
【禁忌】《本草经疏》说：剪草大苦大寒，虽然对治疗血热妄行效果神奇，但如果脾肾俱虚、胃口薄弱，见到食欲减退及呕吐者，忌用。
味甘。性微寒。无毒。
【主治】主要治疗小儿寒热、十二惊痫。（出自《别录》）小儿惊啼抽搐、热拥客忤、胎风胎痫。（出自甄权）大人……（文字残缺）
【归经】入肝、心包二经，是息风静火的药物。（清除心热，平肝风，专门能定惊止搐）
【前论】河间（刘完素）说：足厥阴肝经主风，手厥阴心包经主火。惊痫眩晕，都是肝风相火为病的表现。钩藤通心包于肝……（文字残缺）
Alias: Xuejianchou (Blood Sorrow). Flavor: Sour, Salty. Nature: Cold. Non-toxic. It inherits the Qi of Earth and Water, and is born with the Shaoyang Qi of Heaven's mandate to grow. It can ascend and descend; it is Yin within Yin.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold-dampness wind-bi (joint pain and numbness caused by wind-cold-damp pathogens), jaundice, and tonifies the Middle Jiao. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Stops bleeding, treats internal hemorrhage and lower bleeding, insufficiency of the Bladder, traumatic injuries, and gu poison. Can be used to dye crimson. Postpartum blood loss. (Text fragmentary)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart, Liver, Kidney, and Pericardium meridians. It is a substance that cools blood and promotes blood circulation. (Also acts as a penetrating agent: herbs for the Blood aspect of the Liver and Pericardium, cooling healthy blood and moving injured blood.)
[Prior Discussions] Shi Ying said: Its red color enters the Ying (Nutritive) level; its warm nature moves stagnation; its sour flavor enters the Liver; combined with salty, it travels in the Blood. It specializes in promoting and invigorating blood circulation. Common prescriptions treat women... (Text fragmentary).
[Contraindications] *Bencao Jing Shu* states: Although the patient presents with blood disorders, if accompanied by diarrhea and inability to eat, it is contraindicated.
Flavor: Bitter. Nature: Cool. Non-toxic. It is born inheriting the clear, cold, and extreme Yin Qi of Heaven and Earth.
[Indications] Primarily treats various malignant sores, scabies, tinea, wind-induced skin itching and erosion, and parasitic infections. Take after soaking in wine. (From *Tang Bencao*). Treats all types of blood loss. (From Li Shizhen, *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart and Liver meridians. It is a substance that cools blood and stops bleeding.
[Prior Discussions] Zhang Yuansu said: For upper body bleeding, one must use Jiancao (Cutting Grass), Mudanpi (Tree Peony Bark), Tiandong (Asparagus Root), and Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber). Xu Shumi said: This herb treats tuberculosis-related hematemesis and lung damage.
Ao's Note: Qiancao (Rubia Cordifolia) and Jiancao are both herbs for treating blood disorders. However, Qiancao not only stops bleeding but also promotes blood circulation; thus, it can stop hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, and hematuria, while also eliminating stasis and unblocking menstruation. This is its method of use.
[Contraindications] *Bencao Jing Shu* states: Jiancao is extremely bitter and cold. Although it is miraculous for treating reckless bleeding due to blood heat, it is contraindicated if the Spleen and Kidney are both deficient, the Stomach appetite is weak, or if there is loss of appetite and vomiting.
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Slightly Cold. Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats childhood alternating chills and fever, and twelve types of convulsive epilepsy. (From *Bielu*). Childhood crying from fright, convulsions, heat oppression, adverse qi invasion, fetal wind, and fetal epilepsy. (From Zhen Quan). Adults... (Text fragmentary)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver and Pericardium meridians. It is a substance that extinguishes wind and calms fire. (Clears Heart heat, pacifies Liver wind, specifically capable of settling fright and stopping spasms.)
[Prior Discussions] Liu Wansu said: The Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian governs Wind, and the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium meridian governs Fire. Convulsive epilepsy and dizziness are diseases of Liver Wind and Ministerial Fire. Gouteng (Uncaria Rhynchophylla) connects the Pericardium to the Liver... (Text fragmentary)
[Processing] Li Shizhen said: If Gouteng is decocted for too long, its efficacy diminishes. Using only the hooks takes advantage of their sharp potency.