味甘酸。性微温。无毒。
【主治】主起事。缩小便。泽肌肤。乌髭发。女人食之有子。同蜜为膏。治肺气虚寒。
（备
要）
【归经】入肝肾二经。为补涩之品。（兼补剂 益肾脏而固精 补肝虚而明目）
【前论】寇氏曰。此能收缩小便。服之当覆其溺器。故名。 士材曰。强肾无燥热之偏。
固
【炮制】雷公曰。凡使。淘去黄叶皮蒂。酒蒸晒干用。
以上涩剂草部
香者名椿。臭者为樗。味苦。性寒。无毒。禀地中之阴气以生。降也。阴也。
【主治】主疳 。樗根尤良。（开宝） 杀疳虫蛔虫疥 。鬼疰传尸。蛊毒下血。赤白
久
痢。
不住。
湿。去脾胃陈
【归经】入胃大肠二经。为固肠燥湿之品。（苦燥湿 寒胜热 涩收敛）
【前论】丹溪曰。椿根白皮性凉而能涩血。凡湿热为病宜用。但痢疾滞未尽。勿用。 孟
诜
满
气
鳌按、时珍以樗皮为性利。但樗皮亦能止泻。毕竟是涩药。
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡脾胃虚寒者。崩带属肾家真阴虚者。忌。以其徒燥也。滞下积气未
尽者
【炮制】备要曰。凡使二皮。以东引者良。去粗皮。或醋炙蜜炙用。
味苦。性寒。无毒。禀西北高寒之气而生。降也。阴也。大戟为使。恶吴萸。
【主治】主风寒湿痹。洗洗寒气。除热。目中青翳白膜。（本经） 男子少精。妇人带
下。
小
煎水
敷。（
【归经】入肝胆二经。兼入肾经。为收敛之品。（兼补剂 眼科要药）
【前论】范汪曰。秦皮之功。以能除肝热而明目。故治目疾惊痫。以其收涩而寒。故治
崩带
味甘，味酸。药性微温。无毒。
【主治】主要治疗小便频数不禁。缩小便。滋润肌肤。使胡须头发变黑。妇女服用有助于受孕。与蜂蜜制成膏剂，可治疗肺气虚寒证。
（出自《备要》）
【归经】入肝、肾二经。属于补益固涩类药物。（兼具补益作用：益肾脏而固精，补肝虚而明目）
【前论】寇宗奭说：此药能收缩小便，服用后应当覆盖溺器（防止漏尿），因此得名。士材说：强肾没有燥热的偏弊。
【炮制】雷公说：凡使用此药，需淘去黄叶、皮蒂，用酒蒸后晒干使用。
以上为涩剂草部
气味芳香的称为椿，有臭味的称为樗。味苦。药性寒。无毒。禀受地中的阴气而生。性质沉降。属阴。
【主治】主要治疗疳积。樗树根皮效果尤佳。（出自《开宝本草》）杀灭疳虫、蛔虫、疥癣。鬼疰、传尸蛊毒、下血、赤白久痢不止。去除脾胃陈积湿邪。
【归经】入胃、大肠二经。属于固肠燥湿类药物。（苦能燥湿，寒能胜热，涩能收敛）
【前论】朱丹溪说：椿根白皮性凉且能涩血。凡是湿热引起的疾病适宜使用。但如果痢疾积滞未尽，不要使用。孟诜说：气满。鳌按：李时珍认为樗皮性利，但樗皮也能止泻，毕竟它是涩药。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：凡是脾胃虚寒者，崩漏带下属肾家真阴虚者，忌用。因为它徒然燥烈。滞下积气未尽者（亦忌用）。
【炮制】《备要》说：凡使用这两种树皮，以东向生长的为佳。去掉粗皮，或用醋炙、蜜炙后使用。
味苦。药性寒。无毒。禀受西北高寒之气而生。性质沉降。属阴。大戟为使药。畏吴茱萸。
【主治】主要治疗风寒湿痹。洗洗寒气。除热。目中青翳白膜。（出自《本经》）男子少精。妇人带下。
煎水敷。（出自某书，原文此处可能有缺漏或指外用方法）
【归经】入肝、胆二经。兼入肾经。属于收敛类药物。（兼具补益作用：眼科要药）
【前论】范汪说：秦皮的功效，在于能除肝热而明目。所以治疗目疾惊痫。因其收涩而寒，所以治疗崩漏带下。
Sweet and sour in flavor. Slightly warm in nature. Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats urinary frequency and incontinence. Reduces urination. Moisturizes the skin. Darkens beard and hair. Helps women conceive. Prepared as a paste with honey, it treats deficiency-cold of the Lung Qi.
(From *Bei Yao*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. It is a tonifying and astringent substance. (Also has tonifying effects: benefits the Kidneys to secure essence, tonifies Liver deficiency to brighten the eyes.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Kou Zongshi stated: This herb can contract urine; after taking it, one should cover the urinal (to prevent leakage), hence its name. Shicai stated: It strengthens the Kidneys without the bias of dryness and heat.
[Preparation] Lei Gong stated: When using this herb, wash away yellow leaves, skins, and stems. Steam with wine and sun-dry before use.
The above are the Grass Category of Astringent Agents.
Those with an aroma are named Chun (Toona sinensis); those with a foul odor are named Chu (Azadirachta indica or related species). Bitter in flavor. Cold in nature. Non-toxic. Born by inheriting the Yin Qi of the earth. Descending in action. Yin in nature.
[Indications] Primarily treats infantile malnutrition (Gan syndrome). The root bark of Chu is especially effective. (From *Kaibao Bencao*). Kills Gan parasites, roundworms, and scabies. Treats Gui Zhu, Chuan Shi, Gu poison, hematochezia, chronic dysentery with red and white discharge that does not cease. Removes chronic dampness from the Spleen and Stomach.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. It is a substance for securing the intestines and drying dampness. (Bitter dries dampness, cold overcomes heat, astringent converges.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhu Danxi stated: Chun root white bark is cool in nature and can astringe blood. It is suitable for diseases caused by damp-heat. However, if dysenteric stagnation is not yet cleared, do not use it. Meng Shen stated: Fullness of Qi. Ao An noted: Li Shizhen considered Chu bark to have a draining nature, but Chu bark can also stop diarrhea; ultimately, it is an astringent drug.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong stated: Those with deficiency-cold of the Spleen and Stomach, and those with metrorrhagia and leukorrhea due to true Yin deficiency of the Kidneys, should avoid it, as it is merely drying. Those with unresolved stagnation and accumulated Qi in dysentery (should also avoid it).
[Preparation] *Bei Yao* stated: When using either of these two barks, select those growing towards the east as superior. Remove the coarse bark. Use after stir-frying with vinegar or honey.
Bitter in flavor. Cold in nature. Non-toxic. Born by inheriting the high-cold Qi of the northwest. Descending in action. Yin in nature. Euphorbiae Radix (Daji) is the guiding drug. Adverse to Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu).
[Indications] Primarily treats Bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness. Expels chilling cold sensations. Clears heat. Treats green nebula and white membrane in the eyes. (From *Shennong Ben Cao Jing*). Treats oligospermia in men and leukorrhea in women.
Decoct in water for external application. (Source unclear, possibly refers to external use method)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Also enters the Kidney meridian. It is a converging substance. (Also has tonifying effects: Essential herb for ophthalmology.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Fan Wang stated: The efficacy of Qinpi lies in its ability to clear Liver heat and brighten the eyes. Therefore, it treats eye diseases and convulsions. Due to its astringent and cold nature, it treats metrorrhagia and leukorrhea.