即诃子。味苦酸涩。性温。无毒。降也。阴也。
【主治】主冷气。心腹胀满。下食。（开宝） 破胸膈结气。通利津液。（甄权） 下宿
物。止
腹虚痛。
之。及煎
【归经】入肺大肠二经。为收敛之品。（生用清金保肺行气煨用固气实肠温胃）
【前论】寇氏曰。气虚人宜缓缓少用。以此虽涩肠。而又泄气也。 庵曰。肺敛则音
开。
嗽
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡气虚嗽。痢初起者。均忌。
【炮制】雷公曰。凡使。以六棱黑色肉浓者良。酒浸。蒸去核。取肉用。用核不用肉。
味苦涩。性平。无毒。感微阳之气而生。
【主治】主鼻衄。吐血。破症。治肠风。赤白痢。崩中带下。烧存性用。（大明） 主
金
疮。
【归经】入肝脾二经。为止血之品。
【前论】时珍曰。棕灰性涩。若失血去多。瘀滞已尽者。用之切当。所谓涩可去脱也。
与发
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡血症初起。及瘀血未尽者。均忌。
味酸。性平。无毒。得阳气而兼木化以生。降也。阴中阳也。
【主治】主脾泄下痢。止小便利。涩精气。久服令人耐寒。（本经） 〔花〕主冷热痢。（大
明） 〔东行根皮〕炒用止泻血。及崩带。（时珍）
【归经】入肾经。兼入膀胱大肠二经。为固精秘气之品。
【前论】沈存中曰。金樱子止遗泄。取其温且涩也。当取半黄者捣干末用。若待红熟熬
膏。
为快。
【禁忌】经疏曰。泄泻由火热暴注者。小便不禁。及精气滑脱。由阴虚火炽而得者。均
忌。
【炮制】备要曰。凡使。去核毛刺用。
诃黎勒（即诃子）：味苦、酸、涩，性温，无毒。属性为降，属阴。
【主治】主治冷气，心腹胀满，进食后不适。（开宝本草）破除胸膈间的结聚之气，通利津液。（甄权）排出体内积滞之物，止住腹部虚痛。
【归经】入肺经和大肠经，属于收敛类药物。（生用可清金保肺、行气；煨用可固气、实肠、温胃）
【前论】寇宗奭说：气虚之人宜缓缓少量使用。因为此药虽然能涩肠，但也会耗泄正气。李杲说：肺气收敛则声音开启，咳嗽停止。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：凡是气虚引起的咳嗽，痢疾初起者，均忌用。
【炮制】雷敩说：凡使用诃子，以六棱、黑色、肉质厚实的为佳。用酒浸泡，蒸熟去核，取肉使用。若用核而不用肉。
棕榈皮：味苦涩，性平，无毒。感微阳之气而生。
【主治】主治鼻出血，吐血，癥瘕积聚，治疗肠风，赤白痢疾，崩漏及带下病。烧存性后使用。（大明本草）主治金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）。
【归经】入肝经和脾经，属于止血类药物。
【前论】李时珍说：棕榈灰性涩，如果失血过多，且瘀滞已尽者，使用它非常恰当。这就是所谓“涩可去脱”的道理。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：凡是血症初起，以及瘀血未尽者，均忌用。
金樱子：味酸，性平，无毒。得阳气而兼木化以生。属性为降，属阴中之阳。
【主治】主治脾泄下痢，止小便频数，涩精止遗，久服使人耐寒。（神农本草经）〔花〕主治冷热痢疾。（大明本草）〔东行根皮〕炒用可止泻血，及崩漏带下。（李时珍）
【归经】入肾经，兼入膀胱经和大肠经，属于固精秘气类药物。
【前论】沈括说：金樱子止遗泄，是取其温且涩的特性。应当选取半黄的果实捣成干末使用。如果等到红熟再熬膏，就太迟了。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：由火热暴注引起的泄泻，小便不禁，以及由阴虚火炽导致的精气滑脱，均忌用。
【炮制】《本草备要》说：凡使用金樱子，需去核及毛刺使用。
Heheli (i.e., Cheqizi / Terminalia chebula): Bitter, sour, and astringent in taste; warm in nature; non-toxic. Its action is descending, and it belongs to Yin.
【Indications】Mainly treats cold qi, abdominal distension and fullness, and discomfort after eating. (Kaibao Bencao) Breaks up stagnant qi in the chest and diaphragm, and promotes the flow of body fluids. (Zhen Quan) Expels accumulated matter from the intestines and stops deficiency-type abdominal pain.
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Lung and Large Intestine meridians. It is an astringent substance. (Raw use clears Metal and protects the Lung while moving Qi; roasted use secures Qi, solidifies the Intestines, and warms the Stomach.)
【Preceding Discourse】Kou Zongshi stated: Those with Qi deficiency should use it slowly and in small amounts. Although this herb astringes the intestines, it also drains Qi. Li Gao stated: When Lung Qi is constrained, voice opens and cough ceases.
【Contraindications】Miao Xiyong stated: Contraindicated in cases of cough due to Qi deficiency and dysentery in its early stage.
【Processing】Lei Xiao stated: For processing, select those with six ridges, black color, and thick flesh as superior. Soak in wine, steam until cooked, remove the seed, and use the flesh. If using the seed, do not use the flesh.
Zonglupi (Palmae Fructus Retinervus / Sabiniae Palmae Cortex): Bitter and astringent in taste; neutral in nature; non-toxic. Born by sensing slight Yang Qi.
【Indications】Mainly treats epistaxis, hematemesis, masses and accumulations (Zheng), intestinal wind, red and white dysentery, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea. Use carbonized form (burned to retain character). (Daming Bencao) Mainly treats traumatic injuries caused by metal weapons.
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Liver and Spleen meridians. It is a hemostatic substance.
【Preceding Discourse】Li Shizhen stated: Palm ash is astringent in nature. If there has been excessive blood loss and all stasis has been cleared, its use is appropriate. This is what is meant by "astringency can treat collapse."
【Contraindications】Miao Xiyong stated: Contraindicated in cases where blood disease is in its initial stage or where blood stasis has not yet been fully resolved.
Jinyingzi (Rosa laevigata fruit): Sour in taste; neutral in nature; non-toxic. Born by receiving Yang Qi and combining with Wood transformation. Its action is descending, and it belongs to Yang within Yin.
【Indications】Mainly treats spleen deficiency diarrhea and dysentery, stops frequent urination, astringes essence and stops emission, and long-term use makes one resistant to cold. (Shennong Benjing) [Flower] Treats cold and hot dysentery. (Daming Bencao) [Bark of eastward-growing roots] Stir-fried use stops bloody diarrhea, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea. (Li Shizhen)
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Kidney meridian, and additionally enters the Bladder and Large Intestine meridians. It is a substance for securing essence and preserving Qi.
【Preceding Discourse】Shen Kuo stated: Jinyingzi stops enuresis and leakage due to its warming and astringent properties. One should select fruits that are half-yellow, crush them into dry powder, and use them. If waiting until they are fully red and ripe to make paste, it is too late.
【Contraindications】Miao Xiyong stated: Contraindicated in diarrhea caused by sudden violent heat-fire, urinary incontinence, and seminal emission due to Yin deficiency with blazing fire.
【Processing】Bencao Beiyao stated: For processing, remove the seeds and hairy spines before use.