味酸甘。性平。无毒。
【主治】主强筋骨。益气力。固精。驻颜。（纲目） 〔枝叶止泄。除睡。强筋。益气。
变
【归经】入心脾肾三经。为固涩之品。
【前论】虞抟曰。凡变白之药。都是气味苦寒。有妨脾胃。惟南烛气味和平。兼能益脾。
鳌按、纲目于南烛枝叶。载有止泄除睡变白三条。于子载有固精驻颜二条。其强筋益力。
子
子
血
半
加
以上涩剂木部
古名苦酒。味酸。性温。无毒。得温热之气。故从木火而化。
【主治】主胃脘气疼。症瘕积聚。产后血晕。及诸失血过多发晕。止心痛。咽痛。杀一
切鱼
并产
【归经】入肝经。为收敛气血之品（散瘀 解毒 消食）
【前论】士材曰。入药当用米造。二三年陈者。小麦醋不及。但能伤筋损齿。不宜多食。
鳌按、大能开胃气。醒脾气。不但收敛之功见长也。
味酸。性涩。微寒。无毒。得醋、乌梅、橘皮良。
【主治】主止泻痢。固脱肛。治遗精。久嗽。止心腹筋骨诸痛。（纲目） 〔罂粟米〕主
行
风
【归经】入肾经。为敛肺涩肠固肾之品。
【前论】丹溪曰。治嗽用粟壳。不必疑。但要先去病根。此乃收后药也。治痢亦然。须
先散
开胃
以上涩剂谷部
味酸。性平。无毒得木气之全以生。可升可降。阴也。忌猪肉。
【主治】主下气。除热烦满。安心。止肢体痛。偏枯不仁死肌。（本经） 利筋脉。主
下
痢。
消酒毒
杀虫。解鱼
血崩。功同
【归经】入肺脾二经。为敛肺涩肠。涌痰消肿之品。（二经血分药）
【前论】时珍曰。凡用。须去核微炒。但多食损齿伤筋耳。
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡风寒初起。疟痢未久者。均忌。
【南烛子】
味道酸、甘。性质平和。无毒。
【主治】主要强壮筋骨。增强体力。固摄精气。延缓衰老保持容颜。（出自《本草纲目》）〔枝叶〕能止泻。消除嗜睡。强壮筋骨。补充元气。使头发变白转黑。
【归经】入心、脾、肾三经。属于固涩类药物。
【前论】虞抟说：凡是能使头发变白的药物，大多气味苦寒，容易损伤脾胃。只有南烛气味平和，兼能补益脾气。
按语：《本草纲目》在南烛的枝叶条目下，记载了止泻、除嗜睡、变白发这三条功效；在果实（子）条目下，记载了固精、驻颜这两条功效。其强壮筋骨、增强体力的功效……（原文此处有残缺或排版错乱，依现有文本翻译）
【乌梅】
古称“苦酒”。味道酸。性质温。无毒。得温热之气，所以从木火而化。
【主治】主治胃脘气痛。症瘕积聚（腹内结块）。产后血晕。以及各种失血过多导致的头晕。止心痛。咽痛。杀灭一切鱼蟹毒。并治产……（原文此处有残缺）
【归经】入肝经。属于收敛气血的药物（另有散瘀、解毒、消食之功）。
【前论】士材说：入药应当用米酿造的醋。二三年陈酿的更好。小麦醋不如它。但醋只能伤筋损齿，不宜多吃。
按语：醋大能开胃气。醒脾气。不仅收敛之功显著。
【罂粟壳】
味道酸。性质涩。微寒。无毒。与醋、乌梅、橘皮配伍效果好。
【主治】主治止泻痢。固脱肛。治疗遗精。久咳。止心腹筋骨各种疼痛。（出自《本草纲目》）〔罂粟米〕主行……风……（原文此处有残缺）
【归经】入肾经。属于敛肺、涩肠、固肾的药物。
【前论】朱丹溪说：治疗咳嗽使用粟壳，不必怀疑。但必须先去除病根，这是收涩后的用药。治疗痢疾也是如此，须先散……开胃……（原文此处有残缺）
以上为涩剂谷部
【五味子】
味道酸。性质平和。无毒。得木气之全而生，可升可降，属阴。忌食猪肉。
【主治】主治下气。消除热烦满闷。安心神。止肢体痛。治疗偏枯不仁、死肌。（出自《神农本草经》）利筋脉。主治下痢。消酒毒。杀虫。解鱼……血崩。功效同……（原文此处有残缺）
【归经】入肺、脾二经。属于敛肺、涩肠、涌痰、消肿的药物。（是二经血分药）
【前论】李时珍说：凡是用五味子，必须去核微炒。只是多吃会损齿伤筋。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：凡是风寒初起，疟疾痢疾未久的，均忌用。
[Nanzhu Zi (Buddleja Officinalis Fruit)]
Taste: Sour, Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily strengthens sinews and bones. Augments qi and strength. Consolidates essence. Preserves youthfulness and complexion. (Source: *Bencao Gangmu*) [Stems and leaves] Stop diarrhea. Eliminate drowsiness. Strengthen sinews. Replenish qi. Turn white hair black.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. Belongs to astringent herbs.
[Preliminary Discussion] Yu Tun stated: All herbs that turn hair white are typically bitter and cold in nature, which may impair the Spleen and Stomach. Only Nanzhu has a mild and harmonious nature, and additionally benefits the Spleen qi.
Commentary: *Bencao Gangmu* records three indications for Nanzhu stems and leaves: stopping diarrhea, eliminating drowsiness, and turning white hair black; and two indications for its fruit: consolidating essence and preserving youthfulness. Its ability to strengthen sinews and augment strength... [Text fragmentary]
[Wumei (Mume Fructus / Smoked Plum)]
Ancient name: "Ku Jiu" (Bitter Wine). Taste: Sour. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Acquires warm and hot qi, thus transforming according to Wood and Fire.
[Indications] Treats epigastric qi pain. Zheng Jia Ji Ju (masses and accumulations in the abdomen). Postpartum blood fainting. And dizziness caused by excessive loss of blood from various sources. Stops heart pain. Throat pain. Kills all fish and crab toxins. And treats postpartum... [Text fragmentary]
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver meridian. Belongs to herbs that consolidate qi and blood (also has effects of dispersing stasis, resolving toxicity, and promoting digestion).
[Preliminary Discussion] Shitai stated: For medicinal use, vinegar brewed from rice should be used. Two- to three-year aged vinegar is superior. Wheat vinegar is inferior. However, vinegar can damage sinews and teeth if consumed excessively, so it should not be eaten in large quantities.
Commentary: Vinegar greatly opens the stomach qi and awakens the spleen qi. It excels not only in its astringent properties.
[Yingsu Qiao (Papaveris Pericarpium / Poppy Shell)]
Taste: Sour. Nature: Astringent, slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Works well with Cu (Vinegar), Wumei, and Jupi (Citrus Reticulatae Pericarpium).
[Indications] Treats diarrhea and dysentery. Consolidates prolapsed anus. Treats spermatorrhea. Chronic cough. Stops various pains in the heart, abdomen, sinews, and bones. (Source: *Bencao Gangmu*) [Yingsu Mi (Poppy Seed)] Primarily moves... wind... [Text fragmentary]
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Kidney meridian. Belongs to herbs that astringe the Lung, bind the Intestines, and secure the Kidney.
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhu Danxi stated: When treating cough with Poppy Shell, there is no need for doubt. However, one must first eliminate the root cause of the disease; this is an herb for use after the pathogen has been addressed. The same applies to treating dysentery; one must first disperse... open the stomach... [Text fragmentary]
Above are the Grain Category Astringent Herbs.
[Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus / Schisandra Berry)]
Taste: Sour. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Born acquiring the complete Qi of Wood, it can ascend and descend, belonging to Yin. Contraindicated with pork.
[Indications] Directs qi downward. Eliminates heat, vexation, and fullness. Calms the mind. Stops limb pain. Treats hemiplegia with numbness, and dead flesh (necrosis). (Source: *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Benefits sinews and vessels. Treats dysentery. Resolves alcohol toxicity. Kills parasites. Resolves fish... uterine bleeding. Efficacy similar to... [Text fragmentary]
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. Belongs to herbs that astringe the Lung, bind the Intestines, induce vomiting of phlegm, and reduce swelling. (Herbs acting on the Blood aspect of these two meridians).
[Preliminary Discussion] Li Shizhen stated: When using Wuweizi, the pits must be removed and it should be lightly stir-fried. However, excessive consumption damages teeth and injures sinews.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong stated: Contraindicated in cases of initial exterior Wind-Cold invasion, and in malaria or dysentery that has not persisted long.