羌活（一两半治太阳肢骨痛君主之药也然非无为之主乃搅乱反正之君也故大无不通小无不入关节痛者非此不除）
防风（一两半治一身尽痛乃卒伍卑贱之下职听君命将令而行随所使所引而至） 苍术（一两半雄壮上行之药能除湿下安
太阴使邪气不内传之于足太阴脾） 细辛（半两治足少阴肾苦头痛） 川芎（一两治厥阴头痛在脑） 白芷（一两治阳
明头痛在额） 生地黄（一两治少阴心热在内） 黄芩（一两治太阴肺热在胸） 甘草（一两能缓里急调和诸药故有国
老之称）
以上九味虽为一方然亦不可执当视其经络前后左右之不同从其多少大小轻重之不一增损用之其效如神 咀水煎服
若急欲汗者须热服以热汤助之若缓欲汗者温服不用汤助也 脉浮而不解者先急后缓脉沉而不解者先缓后急 此汤不独
解利治杂病亦神中风行经者加附子中风秘涩者加大黄中风并三气合而成痹等证各随十二经上下内外寒热温凉四时六气
加减补泻用之炼蜜作丸亦可 加生地黄各半治两感伤寒如神用豆淋酒煎治破伤风
解表杂方
和解散（和剂） 治四时伤寒头痛烦躁自汗咳嗽吐利（平胃加 桔）
陈皮（洗） 浓朴（去粗皮姜汁炙各四两） 本 桔梗 甘草（各半斤） 苍术（去皮一斤）上为粗末每服三钱
水一盏半姜三片枣二个煎七分不拘时热服
十味芎苏散（澹寮 亦名芎芷香苏散）
治四时伤寒发热头痛
川芎（七钱） 紫苏叶 干葛 柴胡 茯苓（各半两） 半夏（六钱） 陈皮（三钱半） 枳壳（炒三钱） 桔梗
（二钱半） 甘草（二钱）上 咀每服三钱水一盏姜三片枣一枚煎七分温服无时
养胃汤（和剂） 治外感风寒内伤生冷憎寒壮热头目昏疼不问风寒二证夹食停痰俱能治之但感风邪者当以微汗
为好
半夏（汤洗七次） 浓朴（去粗皮姜汁炒） 苍术（米泔浸一宿洗切炒各一两） 橘红（七钱半） 藿香叶（洗去
土） 草果（去皮膜） 茯苓（去黑皮） 人参（去芦各半两） 炙甘草（二钱半）上 咀每服四钱水一盏半姜七片乌
梅一个煎六分热服兼治饮食伤脾发为 疟寒多者加附子为十味名不换金散
五积散（和剂） 治阴经伤寒脾胃不和及感寒邪
白芷 川芎 炙甘草 茯苓（去皮） 当归（去芦） 肉桂（去粗皮） 芍药 半夏（汤洗七次各三两） 陈皮（去
白） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 麻黄（去根节各六两） 干姜（ ） 浓朴（去粗皮姜制各四两） 苍术（米泔浸去皮二十
四两） 桔梗（去芦十二两）上除肉桂枳壳二味别为粗末将一十三味慢火炒令色转摊冷次入枳桂令匀每服三钱水一盏半
姜三片葱白三段煎一钟不拘时热服胃寒用煨姜挟气加茱萸调经催生入艾醋服若脾胃不和内伤冷物浑身疼痛头昏无力胸
膈不利饮食不下气脉不和四肢觉冷或睡里虚惊至晚心躁困倦即入盐少许同煎若阴经伤寒手足逆冷及虚汗不止脉细疾面
青而呕更宜加附子同煎加减多少并在临时消息之
海 麻桂芍药甘草即麻黄桂枝各半汤也苍术甘草陈皮浓朴即平胃也枳桔陈茯半即枳梗半夏等汤也加芎归治血又
加
干姜为浓朴散此数药相合为解表温中之剂消痞调经之方虽为内寒外感表里之分所制实非仲景表里麻黄桂枝姜附之的方
也惟在活法者变而通之
人参败毒散（和剂） 治伤寒头痛壮热恶寒及风痰咳嗽鼻塞声重风湿身肿体痛恶风疫疠四时通用伤风有汗夏至
后用
羌活 独活 前胡 柴胡 芎 枳壳 白茯苓 桔梗 人参（以上各一两） 甘草（半两）上为末每服三钱水一
盏生姜三片薄荷少许同煎至七分去滓温服
参苏饮（元戌） 治内外感一切发热主药又云前胡葛根自能解肌枳壳陈皮自能宽膈大治中焦满痞凡有热不得拘
其所见小儿室女尤宜服之
木香（半两） 紫苏叶 干葛 半夏（汤洗七次姜汁炒） 前胡（去苗） 人参（去芦） 茯苓（去皮各七钱半）
枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 桔梗（去芦） 甘草（炙） 陈皮（去白各半两）上 咀每服四钱水一盏半生姜七片枣一枚煎不拘
时稍热服若素有痰者候热退以二陈六君子汤间服此方治痰饮停积中脘闭塞眩晕嘈烦忪悸呕逆及痰饮中人停留关节手脚
HT曳口眼 斜半身不遂食已则呕头疼发热状如伤寒者悉治之 一法用此药三两加四物汤二两和合名茯苓补心汤大治
男子妇人虚劳发热或五心烦热并衄血吐血便血及妇人下血过多致虚热者并宜服之或因用心太过发虚热者及往来寒热者
用之神效
加味香苏散（拔粹）
香附子（三两） 紫苏梗（二两） 陈皮（一两） 甘草（半两）上为锉散每服四钱水一盏半煎一盏生姜三片连根
葱白二茎同煎热服 头痛加川芎白芷 头痛如斧劈加石膏连须葱头 偏正头风加细辛石膏薄荷 太阳穴痛加荆芥穗石
膏伤风自汗加桂枝 伤寒无汗加麻黄（去节）干姜伤风恶寒加苍术 伤风咳嗽不止加半夏杏仁（去皮尖）伤风胸膈痞
塞加制枳壳 伤风发热不退加漳柴胡黄芩 伤风鼻塞声重咽膈不和加苦梗旋复花伤风痰涎壅盛加白附子天南星伤风鼻
内出血加茅花伤风气促不安加大腹皮桑白皮伤风鼻塞不通头昏加羌活荆芥 伤风不散吐血不时加生地黄 伤风不解耳
内出脓疼痛加羌活荆芥 伤风不解咽喉肿痛加苦梗 伤风中脘寒不思饮食加去白青皮枳壳 伤风呕吐恶心不止加丁香
半夏 伤风头晕眼花颠倒支持不住加熟附子 伤风时作寒栗加桂枝 伤风痰壅呕恶不止加白附子旋复花半夏 伤风后
时时作虚热不退加人参 伤风饮食不能消化加缩砂仁青皮 伤风一向不解作潮热白日至日中不退日日如是加地骨皮漳
柴胡人参庵 初感风头痛作热鼻塞声重加羌活川芎 感风腰疼不能伸屈加官桂桃仁 感风浑身痛不止加赤芍药紫金皮
感风颈项强急不能转头加羌活官桂 腹肚疼痛加木香 腹肚疼刺不可忍加姜黄茱萸七粒 小腹疼痛无时不可忍加木香
姜枣 妇人忽然大便痛肿不能下地加木香木瓜茱萸 妇人被气所苦胸膈痞疼胁肋刺痛小便急疼加木香枳壳 妇人被气
疼所苦加木香缩砂仁 脾胃不和中脘不快加谷芽神曲 伤风吐呕泄泻腹痛加干姜木香 心卒痛者加延胡索酒一盏 饮
酒太过忽遍身发疽或两目昏黄加山茵陈山栀子 中酒吐恶加乌梅丁香 妇人经水将行先作寒热加苏木红花 妇人产后
作虚热不退烦渴加人参地黄 产后发热不退加人参黄 产后腰疼不已加当归官桂冷嗽不已加干姜五味子杏仁脾寒加
良姜青皮草果 香港脚加木香木瓜牛膝紫金皮茱萸川楝子 感风寒发热头疼加不换金正气散 感寒头痛壮热恶寒身痛不
能转动加生料五积散 饮食不下欲吐不吐加丁香罗卜子 感寒头痛发热身疼分阴阳加败毒石膏 妇人产后风脚手疼痛
生料五积散人参败毒散加木瓜不换金正气散加生地黄川芎同煎
十神汤（和剂） 治时令不正瘟疫妄行感冒发热或欲出疹此药不问阴阳两感风寒并宜服之
川芎 甘草 麻黄（去根节） 干葛 紫苏 升麻 赤芍 白芷 陈皮 香附子（各等分）上 咀每服五钱姜葱煎
如头痛甚更加葱白三茎中满气实加枳壳煎并热服
吴 此汤用升麻葛根能解利阳明经瘟疫时气发散之药也非正伤寒之药若太阳经伤寒发热用之则引入阳明经传变
发矣慎之
藿香正气散（和剂） 治伤寒头痛憎寒壮热或感湿气霍乱吐泻常服除山岚瘴气伏暑吐泻脚转筋加香薷扁豆黄连
名藿薷汤
大腹皮 白芷 茯苓（去皮） 紫苏茎叶 藿香（各三两） 浓朴（去粗皮姜制） 白术 陈皮（去白） 苦梗 半
夏曲（各二两） 甘草（炙一两）上 咀每服三钱姜三片枣一枚煎热服
吴 此方宋人所制治内伤饮食外感寒邪憎寒拘急头痛呕逆胸膈满闷与夫伤食伤冷伤湿中暑霍乱山岚瘴气不伏水
土
寒热作疟并宜增损用之非正伤寒之药若病在太阳经头疼发热骨节痛者此方全无相干如妄用之先虚正气逆其经络虽出汗
亦不解变成坏证者多矣凡伤寒发热脉沉与元气虚人并夹阴伤寒发热者皆不可用切宜戒之
大白术汤（保命） 和解四时伤寒混解六经不犯禁忌
白术 石膏（各二两） 防风 羌活 川芎（各一两） 甘草（五钱或一两） 黄芩 枳实（去瓤各五钱） 知母
（七钱） 白芷（一两半） 细辛（三钱）上为粗末每服半两水一盏半煎至一盏大温服未解更一服两服药渣又作一服
春倍防风羌活夏倍黄芩知母季夏雨淫倍术白芷秋加桂枝五钱冬加桂八钱或一两 上以上诸方皆为元气不虚者设也
如芎苏香苏散则内伤少而外感多者宜之和解散养胃汤则外感少而内伤多者宜之五积散则寒多者宜之冬亦宜之大白术汤
则热多者宜之春夏亦宜之败毒散则宜于挟湿者参苏饮则宜于挟痰者十神正气则吴氏之议当矣大抵证兼表里邪由错杂似
伤寒而非正伤寒者乃可于诸方中斟酌选用若脉证与麻黄桂枝吻合自当遵仲景法治即元气素虚或平素有热不宜麻桂者亦
必如洁古海藏法缓缓消减庶几无误尔人命至重死不复生临病之工宜详审焉
戴院使（元礼）治法伤风伤寒法初得病时并宜和解散芎芷香苏散或养胃汤加草芎各半钱热服温覆若的是伤风有前自
汗恶风等证可用桂枝汤令其热服温覆喘加杏仁一钱咳加五味子一钱渴加人参半钱外热未止者败毒散热而有汗者败毒散加
桂枝半钱或阳旦汤呕者不宜用桂枝汤合于本方加半夏一钱添姜煎此非合病之呕系伤寒杂病即非正寒故可用也风寒二证
理当发汗而其人虚不可汗者宜桂枝汤加黄 半钱若的是伤寒有前恶寒无汗等证可用五积散浓被覆之取汗喘嗽者杏子汤
加麻黄半钱欲汗而不得汗者再进已汗而身热不退者参苏散或败毒散加桂枝半钱呕者养胃汤此非治合病之呕若风寒俱伤
或恶风而无汗或恶寒而无汗疑似之间只宜五积散半帖加败毒散半帖名交加散喘嗽者小青龙汤有初得病太阳证具但寒而
未即为热至一二日后方热此伤于寒若伤风即有热矣但寒未热者五积散发汗有已服解表药不恶风不恶寒诸表证已罢于里
又未躁未渴小便亦未赤大便如常独身热未除者宜香苏散败毒散小柴胡汤加桂枝半钱有已服解表药证已罢又无里证其人
体痛不减者恐是发汗多荣卫不和所致宜小建中汤用半浓半薄之桂
河间刘氏治法伤寒表实无汗头项痛腰脊强身热恶寒肩背拘急手足指末微厥脉浮紧而涩当以清解散加天水散汗之伤
风表虚自汗头项强痛肢节烦疼鼻鸣干呕恶风手足温脉浮缓当以通解散或天水散解之或表虚或表实但口干烦渴者悉宜双
解散汗之汗后余热不解以凉膈散退之或日深或日浅但有表证而脉沉数者先以天水连翘饮之清之待脉浮而里热减然后以
双解散汗之伤寒表汗解脉浮小便不利微热口干五苓散分之表热多里热少益元一凉膈半和解之里热多表热少凉膈一益元
半调之若表里俱热头痛口干自汗不止白虎汤治之或半在表半在里往来寒热口苦舌干耳聋干呕胸胁痞痛小柴胡汤和解之
或膈热呕吐不止者半夏橘皮汤治之或饮水不止以成湿热大便泄泻小便赤涩腹满急痛头痛口干者桂苓甘露饮主之或湿热
内余而成下痢频并少腹而痛者黄连解毒汤治之伤寒日深表里热势极甚心下急郁微烦或发热汗出不解心下痞硬呕吐下利
或阳明病多汗或太阴腹满实痛或少阴下利清水心下痛而口干或无表里证但发热七八日脉虽浮数宜双除表里之热大柴胡
汤微下之或加小承气汤尤妙伤寒日深里热极甚日晡潮热谵言妄语发狂腹满实痛法当大承气汤下之或用三一承气汤尤良
上戴氏用药偏热刘氏用药偏寒于世运风土禀质感受各有所宜临病者详审而酌施之方许亲见长沙耳刘氏所用诸方前条
无之今列于后
通圣散（轻剂） 治风热郁结憎寒发热筋脉挛痹肢体焦痿头目昏眩耳鸣鼻塞口苦舌干咽喉不利涕唾稠粘咳嗽上
气肠胃燥涩便血瘀血疮疡肿痛 疟不痊妇人产后血滞腹痛小儿惊风积热并坠马跌仆疼痛或伤寒伤风等并皆治之
防风 芒硝 连翘 川芎 麻黄 薄荷 白芍药 当归 大黄（各五钱） 黄芩 桔梗 石膏（各一两） 甘草（二
两） 荆芥 山栀 白术（各一钱） 滑石（三两） 上 咀每服一两或二两水一盏生姜三片同煎七分去滓温服不拘时
如发散风寒加葱白三茎如治痰嗽每服加半夏少许
凉膈散（清剂） 治心火上盛膈热有余目赤头眩口疮唇裂鼻衄吐血咳嗽痰涎淋闭不利大小便不通或伤寒半表半
里及胃热发 及阴耗阳竭用以养阴退阳或汗下后余热不解并小儿疮痘黑陷并皆治之
连翘（一两） 甘草 山栀 黄芩 大黄 薄荷（各五钱） 朴硝（二钱半）上 咀每服一两水一钟竹叶三十片同
煎七分去滓入生蜜少许食后温服加黄连五钱名清心汤
天水散（淡剂） 治伤寒表里俱热烦渴口干小便不通及霍乱吐泻下利肠 偏主石淋及妇人产难催生下乳神仙之
妙药也
桂府滑石（腻白者六两） 粉草（一两半）上为极细末每服三钱白汤调下新汲水亦得 加薄荷末少许名鸡苏散加青
黛末少许名碧玉散治疗并同但以避世俗之轻侮尔
羌活（一两半，是治疗太阳经肢体疼痛的君主药物。然而它并非无为而治的主帅，而是搅乱混乱、恢复正常的君主。因此，它无所不通，无孔不入，关节疼痛非此药不能消除。）
防风（一两半，治疗全身疼痛，地位如同卒伍中的卑贱下属，听从君主的命令将令而行，随使唤所引之处到达。）
苍术（一两半，雄壮上行的药物，能除湿气，下安太阴，使邪气不向内传入足太阴脾经。）
细辛（半两，治疗足少阴肾经引起的头痛。）
川芎（一两，治疗厥阴经头痛，痛在脑部。）
白芷（一两，治疗阳明经头痛，痛在前额。）
生地黄（一两，治疗少阴心经内热。）
黄芩（一两，治疗太阴肺经胸中热。）
甘草（一两，能缓解里急，调和诸药，因此有“国老”的称号。）
以上九味药虽然组成一方，但也不可固执不变，应当视其经络前后左右的不同，根据病情的多少、大小、轻重不一进行增减使用，效果如神。切碎后用水煎服。
如果急于发汗，必须热服，并用热汤送服以助汗；如果缓欲发汗，则温服，不用热汤助之。
脉浮而不解者，先急后缓；脉沉而不解者，先缓后急。
此汤不仅用于解表利治杂病，也极为神奇。中风行经者加附子；中风便秘涩滞者加大黄；中风兼夹三气合而成痹等证，各随十二经上下内外寒热温凉及四时六气的变化进行加减补泻使用。炼蜜作丸也可以。
加生地黄各半两，治疗两感伤寒，效果如神。用豆淋酒煎煮，治疗破伤风。
解表杂方
和解散（出自《和剂局方》）
治疗四时伤寒引起的头痛、烦躁、自汗、咳嗽、吐利。（由平胃散加桔梗组成）
陈皮（洗净） 浓朴（去除粗皮，姜汁炙，各四两） 本（此处疑为藁本或独活，原文仅一字，保留原字） 桔梗 甘草（各半斤） 苍术（去皮一斤）。以上为粗末，每服三钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，大枣二个，煎至七分，不拘时候热服。
十味芎苏散（出自《澹寮方》，又名芎芷香苏散）
治疗四时伤寒发热、头痛。
川芎（七钱） 紫苏叶 干葛 柴胡 茯苓（各半两） 半夏（六钱） 陈皮（三钱半） 枳壳（炒，三钱） 桔梗（二钱半） 甘草（二钱）。以上切碎，每服三钱，水一盏，生姜三片，大枣一枚，煎至七分，随时温服。
养胃汤（出自《和剂局方》）
治疗外感风寒、内伤生冷引起的憎寒壮热、头目昏疼。不论风寒二证是否夹食停痰，均能治疗。但感风邪者，以微汗为好。
半夏（汤洗七次） 浓朴（去粗皮，姜汁炒） 苍术（米泔水浸一宿，洗切炒，各一两） 橘红（七钱半） 藿香叶（洗去土） 草果（去皮膜） 茯苓（去黑皮） 人参（去芦，各半两） 炙甘草（二钱半）。以上切碎，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜七片，乌梅一个，煎至六分，热服。兼治饮食伤脾引发的疟疾，寒多者加附子，名为十味名不换金散。
五积散（出自《和剂局方》）
治疗阴经伤寒、脾胃不和以及感受寒邪。
白芷 川芎 炙甘草 茯苓（去皮） 当归（去芦） 肉桂（去粗皮） 芍药 半夏（汤洗七次，各三两） 陈皮（去白） 枳壳（去瓤，麸炒） 麻黄（去根节，各六两） 干姜（ ） 浓朴（去粗皮，姜制，各四两） 苍术（米泔浸去皮，二十四两） 桔梗（去芦，十二两）。以上除肉桂、枳壳两味分别捣为粗末外，将十三味药慢火炒至颜色转变，摊冷，然后加入枳壳、肉桂拌匀。每服三钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，葱白三段，煎一钟，不拘时候热服。胃寒者用煨姜；挟气者加吴茱萸；调经催生者入艾醋服。若脾胃不和，内伤冷物，浑身疼痛，头昏无力，胸膈不利，饮食不下，气脉不和，四肢觉冷，或睡里虚惊，至晚心躁困倦，即入盐少许同煎。若阴经伤寒，手足逆冷及虚汗不止，脉细疾，面青而呕，更宜加附子同煎。加减多少，均在临时斟酌。
海藏（张元素/李杲相关理论，此处指代某种配伍思路）：麻黄、桂枝、芍药、甘草即麻黄桂枝各半汤也；苍术、甘草、陈皮、浓朴即平胃散也；枳壳、桔梗、陈皮、茯苓、半夏即枳桔陈茯半等汤也；加川芎、当归治血，又加干姜为浓朴散。此数药相合，为解表温中之剂，消痞调经之方。虽为内寒外感、表里之分所制，实非仲景表里麻黄桂枝姜附的确切方剂。惟在灵活变通者，变而通之。
人参败毒散（出自《和剂局方》）
治疗伤寒头痛、壮热、恶寒及风痰咳嗽、鼻塞声重、风湿身肿体痛、恶风、疫疠，四时通用。伤风有汗者，夏至后用。
羌活 独活 前胡 柴胡 芎（川芎） 枳壳 白茯苓 桔梗 人参（以上各一两） 甘草（半两）。以上为末，每服三钱，水一盏，生姜三片，薄荷少许，同煎至七分，去滓温服。
参苏饮（出自《元戎方》）
治疗内外感一切发热，为主药。又说前胡、葛根自能解肌，枳壳、陈皮自能宽膈。大治中焦满痞。凡有热不得拘泥于所见症状。小儿、室女尤宜服用。
木香（半两） 紫苏叶 干葛 半夏（汤洗七次，姜汁炒） 前胡（去苗） 人参（去芦） 茯苓（去皮，各七钱半） 枳壳（去瓤，麸炒） 桔梗（去芦） 甘草（炙） 陈皮（去白，各半两）。以上切碎，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜七片，大枣一枚，煎，不拘时候稍热服。若素有痰者，候热退以二陈汤、六君子汤间服。此方治痰饮停积中脘闭塞眩晕、嘈烦忪悸、呕逆及痰饮中人停留关节、手脚曳口眼歪斜、半身不遂、食已则呕、头疼发热状如伤寒者，悉治之。一法用此药三两加四物汤二两和合，名茯苓补心汤。大治男子妇人虚劳发热，或五心烦热，并衄血、吐血、便血，及妇人下血过多致虚热者，并宜服之。或因用心太过发虚热者，及往来寒热者，用之神效。
加味香苏散（出自《拔粹方》）
香附子（三两） 紫苏梗（二两） 陈皮（一两） 甘草（半两）。以上为锉散，每服四钱，水一盏半，煎一盏，生姜三片，连根葱白二茎，同煎热服。
头痛加川芎、白芷；头痛如斧劈加石膏、连须葱头；偏正头风加细辛、石膏、薄荷；太阳穴痛加荆芥穗、石膏；伤风自汗加桂枝；伤寒无汗加麻黄（去节）、干姜；伤风恶寒加苍术；伤风咳嗽不止加半夏、杏仁（去皮尖）；伤风胸膈痞塞加制枳壳；伤风发热不退加漳柴胡、黄芩；伤风鼻塞声重、咽膈不和加苦梗、旋复花；伤风痰涎壅盛加白附子、天南星；伤风鼻内出血加茅花；伤风气促不安加大腹皮、桑白皮；伤风鼻塞不通、头昏加羌活、荆芥；伤风不散、吐血不时加生地黄；伤风不解、耳内出脓疼痛加羌活、荆芥；伤风不解、咽喉肿痛加苦梗；伤风中脘寒、不思饮食加去白青皮、枳壳；伤风呕吐恶心不止加丁香、半夏；伤风头晕眼花颠倒支持不住加熟附子；伤风时作寒栗加桂枝；伤风痰壅、呕恶不止加白附子、旋复花、半夏；伤风后时时作虚热不退加人参；伤风饮食不能消化加缩砂仁、青皮；伤风一向不解、作潮热、白日至日中不退、日日如是加地骨皮、漳柴胡、人参；初感风头痛、作热、鼻塞声重加羌活、川芎；感风腰疼不能伸屈加官桂、桃仁；感风浑身痛不止加赤芍药、紫金皮；感风颈项强急不能转头加羌活、官桂；腹肚疼痛加木香；腹肚疼刺不可忍加姜黄、茱萸七粒；小腹疼痛无时不可忍加木香、姜、枣；妇人忽然大便痛肿不能下地加木香、木瓜、茱萸；妇人被气所苦、胸膈痞疼、胁肋刺痛、小便急疼加木香、枳壳；妇人被气疼所苦加木香、缩砂仁；脾胃不和中脘不快加谷芽、神曲；伤风吐呕泄泻腹痛加干姜、木香；心卒痛者加延胡索、酒一盏；饮酒太过忽遍身发疽或两目昏黄加山茵陈、山栀子；中酒吐恶加乌梅、丁香；妇人经水将行先作寒热加苏木、红花；妇人产后作虚热不退、烦渴加人参、地黄；产后发热不退加人参、黄（黄芪）；产后腰疼不已加当归、官桂；冷嗽不已加干姜、五味子、杏仁；脾寒加良姜、青皮、草果；香港脚加木香、木瓜、牛膝、紫金皮、茱萸、川楝子；感风寒发热头疼加不换金正气散；感寒头痛壮热恶寒身痛不能转动加生料五积散；饮食不下欲吐不吐加丁香、罗卜子；感寒头痛发热身疼分阴阳加败毒石膏；妇人产后风脚手疼痛生料五积散、人参败毒散加木瓜、不换金正气散加生地黄、川芎同煎。
十神汤（出自《和剂局方》）
治疗时令不正瘟疫妄行感冒发热，或欲出疹。此药不问阴阳两感、风寒，并宜服之。
川芎 甘草 麻黄（去根节） 干葛 紫苏 升麻 赤芍 白芷 陈皮 香附子（各等分）。以上切碎，每服五钱，姜葱煎，如头痛甚更加葱白三茎，中满气实加枳壳煎，并热服。
吴氏评：此汤用升麻、葛根，能解利阳明经瘟疫时气发散之药也，非正伤寒之药。若太阳经伤寒发热用之，则引入阳明经传变发矣，慎之。
藿香正气散（出自《和剂局方》）
治疗伤寒头痛、憎寒壮热，或感湿气霍乱吐泻。常服除山岚瘴气、伏暑吐泻、脚转筋加香薷、扁豆、黄连，名藿薷汤。
大腹皮 白芷 茯苓（去皮） 紫苏茎叶 藿香（各三两） 浓朴（去粗皮，姜制） 白术 陈皮（去白） 苦梗 半夏曲（各二两） 甘草（炙，一两）。以上切碎，每服三钱，姜三片，枣一枚，煎热服。
吴氏评：此方宋人所制，治内伤饮食、外感寒邪、憎寒拘急、头痛呕逆、胸膈满闷，与夫伤食、伤冷、伤湿、中暑、霍乱、山岚瘴气、不伏水土、寒热作疟，并宜增损用之。非正伤寒之药。若病在太阳经头疼发热骨节痛者，此方全无相干。如妄用之，先虚正气，逆其经络，虽出汗亦不解，变成坏证者多矣。凡伤寒发热脉沉与元气虚人并夹阴伤寒发热者，皆不可用，切宜戒之。
大白术汤（出自《保命集》）
和解四时伤寒，混解六经，不犯禁忌。
白术 石膏（各二两） 防风 羌活 川芎（各一两） 甘草（五钱或一两） 黄芩 枳实（去瓤，各五钱） 知母（七钱） 白芷（一两半） 细辛（三钱）。以上为粗末，每服半两，水一盏半，煎至一盏，大温服。未解更一服，两服药渣又作一服。
春倍防风、羌活；夏倍黄芩、知母；季夏雨淫倍术、白芷；秋加桂枝五钱；冬加桂八钱或一两。
以上诸方皆为元气不虚者设也。如芎苏香苏散则内伤少而外感多者宜之；和解散、养胃汤则外感少而内伤多者宜之；五积散则寒多者宜之，冬亦宜之；大白术汤则热多者宜之，春夏亦宜之；败毒散则宜于挟湿者；参苏饮则宜于挟痰者；十神正气则吴氏之议当矣。大抵证兼表里，邪由错杂，似伤寒而非正伤寒者，乃可于诸方中斟酌选用。若脉证与麻黄桂枝吻合，自当遵仲景法治。即元气素虚或平素有热不宜麻桂者，亦必如洁古、海藏法缓缓消减，庶几无误尔。人命至重，死不复生，临病之工宜详审焉。
戴院使（元礼）治法：伤风、伤寒法。初得病时并宜和解散、芎芷香苏散或养胃汤加草、芎各半钱，热服温覆。若的是伤风，有前自汗、恶风等证，可用桂枝汤令其热服温覆。喘加杏仁一钱，咳加五味子一钱，渴加人参半钱。外热未止者败毒散，热而有汗者败毒散加桂枝半钱或阳旦汤。呕者不宜用桂枝汤，合于本方加半夏一钱添姜煎。此非合病之呕，系伤寒杂病，即非正寒，故可用也。风寒二证理当发汗，而其人虚不可汗者，宜桂枝汤加黄（黄芪）半钱。若的是伤寒，有前恶寒无汗等证，可用五积散，浓被覆之取汗。喘嗽者杏子汤加麻黄半钱。欲汗而不得汗者再进。已汗而身热不退者，参苏散或败毒散加桂枝半钱。呕者养胃汤。此非治合病之呕。若风寒俱伤，或恶风而无汗，或恶寒而无汗，疑似之间，只宜五积散半帖加败毒散半帖，名交加散。喘嗽者小青龙汤。有初得病太阳证具，但寒而未即为热，至一二日后方热，此伤于寒。若伤风即有热矣。但寒未热者，五积散发汗。有已服解表药，不恶风不恶寒，诸表证已罢，于里又未躁未渴，小便亦未赤，大便如常，独身热未除者，宜香苏散、败毒散、小柴胡汤加桂枝半钱。有已服解表药，证已罢，又无里证，其人体痛不减者，恐是发汗多，荣卫不和所致，宜小建中汤，用半浓半薄之桂。
河间刘氏治法：伤寒表实无汗，头项痛，腰脊强，身热恶寒，肩背拘急，手足指末微厥，脉浮紧而涩，当以清解散加天水散汗之。伤风表虚自汗，头项强痛，肢节烦疼，鼻鸣干呕，恶风，手足温，脉浮缓，当以通解散或天水散解之。或表虚或表实，但口干烦渴者，悉宜双解散汗之。汗后余热不解，以凉膈散退之。或日深或日浅，但有表证而脉沉数者，先以天水连翘饮之清之，待脉浮而里热减，然后以双解散汗之。伤寒表汗解，脉浮，小便不利，微热，口干，五苓散分之。表热多里热少，益元一、凉膈半，和解之。里热多表热少，凉膈一、益元半，调之。若表里俱热，头痛口干，自汗不止，白虎汤治之。或半在表半在里，往来寒热，口苦舌干，耳聋，干呕，胸胁痞痛，小柴胡汤和解之。或膈热呕吐不止者，半夏橘皮汤治之。或饮水不止，以成湿热，大便泄泻，小便赤涩，腹满急痛，头痛口干者，桂苓甘露饮主之。或湿热内余而成下痢频并，少腹而痛者，黄连解毒汤治之。伤寒日深，表里热势极甚，心下急郁微烦，或发热汗出不解，心下痞硬，呕吐下利，或阳明病多汗，或太阴腹满实痛，或少阴下利清水，心下痛而口干，或无表里证，但发热七八日，脉虽浮数，宜双除表里之热，大柴胡汤微下之，或加小承气汤尤妙。伤寒日深，里热极甚，日晡潮热，谵言妄语，发狂，腹满实痛，法当大承气汤下之，或用三一承气汤尤良。
上戴氏用药偏热，刘氏用药偏寒，于世运风土禀质，感受各有所宜。临病者详审而酌施之，方许亲见长沙耳。刘氏所用诸方前条无之，今列于后。
通圣散（出自《轻剂》）
治疗风热郁结，憎寒发热，筋脉挛痹，肢体焦痿，头目昏眩，耳鸣鼻塞，口苦舌干，咽喉不利，涕唾稠粘，咳嗽上气，肠胃燥涩，便血瘀血，疮疡肿痛，疟不痊，妇人产后血滞腹痛，小儿惊风积热，并坠马跌仆疼痛，或伤寒伤风等，并皆治之。
防风 芒硝 连翘 川芎 麻黄 薄荷 白芍药 当归 大黄（各五钱） 黄芩 桔梗 石膏（各一两） 甘草（二两） 荆芥 山栀 白术（各一钱） 滑石（三两）。以上切碎，每服一两或二两，水一盏，生姜三片，同煎七分，去滓温服，不拘时。如发散风寒加葱白三茎；如治痰嗽每服加半夏少许。
凉膈散（出自《清剂》）
治疗心火上盛，膈热有余，目赤头眩，口疮唇裂，鼻衄吐血，咳嗽痰涎，淋闭不利，大小便不通，或伤寒半表半里及胃热发（此处缺字，疑为斑或痘），及阴耗阳竭，用以养阴退阳，或汗下后余热不解，并小儿疮痘黑陷，并皆治之。
连翘（一两） 甘草 山栀 黄芩 大黄 薄荷（各五钱） 朴硝（二钱半）。以上切碎，每服一两，水一钟，竹叶三十片，同煎七分，去滓入生蜜少许，食后温服。加黄连五钱，名清心汤。
天水散（出自《淡剂》）
治疗伤寒表里俱热，烦渴口干，小便不通，及霍乱吐泻，下利肠（此处缺字，疑为鸣或癖）。偏主石淋及妇人产难催生下乳，神仙之妙药也。
桂府滑石（腻白者六两） 粉草（一两半）。以上为极细末，每服三钱，白汤调下，新汲水亦得。加薄荷末少许，名鸡苏散；加青黛末少许，名碧玉散。治疗并同，但以避世俗之轻侮尔。
Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) (1.5 liang): The sovereign drug for treating pain in the limbs and bones of the Taiyang channel. However, it is not a ruler who governs through non-action, but a ruler who stirs up chaos to restore order. Therefore, it penetrates everywhere without obstruction, entering every aperture. Joint pain cannot be eliminated without this herb.
Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) (1.5 liang): Treats pain throughout the body. It acts like low-ranking soldiers and officers, humble in status, obeying the orders of the sovereign and generals, going wherever commanded and guided.
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) (1.5 liang): A robust, ascending herb that can dispel dampness and calm the Taiyin below, preventing pathogenic factors from transmitting internally to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen.
Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin) (0.5 liang): Treats headache caused by bitterness in the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney.
Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) (1 liang): Treats Jueyin headache located in the brain.
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) (1 liang): Treats Yangming headache located in the forehead.
Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang) (1 liang): Treats internal heat in the Shaoyin Heart.
Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) (1 liang): Treats heat in the Taiyin Lung located in the chest.
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (1 liang): Can relieve internal urgency and harmonize various herbs, hence the title "Guolao" (Old Man of the State).
Although the above nine herbs form one prescription, one must not adhere rigidly to it. One should observe the differences in the meridians (front, back, left, right) and adjust the dosage according to the severity, magnitude, and weight of the condition. The efficacy will be miraculous. Decoct with water after crushing.
If sweating is desired urgently, take hot and assist with hot soup to promote sweating. If sweating is desired slowly, take warm without assisting with hot soup.
If the pulse is floating and unresolved, start with urgency and follow with slowness; if the pulse is deep and unresolved, start with slowness and follow with urgency.
This decoction is not only effective for releasing the exterior and treating miscellaneous diseases but also miraculous. For wind-stroke affecting the channels, add Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi). For wind-stroke with constipation and stagnation, add Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang). For wind-stroke combined with three pathogens forming bi-syndrome, etc., adjust and tonify or drain according to the twelve meridians, upper and lower, interior and exterior, cold and heat, warmth and coolness, and the six qi of the four seasons. Making pills with refined honey is also acceptable.
Add Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang) by half a liang each to treat Lianggan Shanghan (Double Exposure Cold Damage) with miraculous effect. Decoct with Doulinjiu (Bean Dreg Wine) to treat broken-wind stroke.
Miscellaneous Formulas for Releasing the Exterior
Hejie San (Harmonizing Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]
Treats headache, irritability, spontaneous sweating, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea caused by cold damage in the four seasons. (Composed of Pingwei San plus Platycodonis Radix).
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) (washed) Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpu) (coarse bark removed, stir-fried with ginger juice, 4 liang each) Libostemonis Rhizoma (Ben) Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (8 taels each) Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) (peeled, 1 jin). Crush into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 2 jujubes until reduced to 70%. Take hot at any time.
Shiwei Xiongsu San (Ten-Ingredient Ligusticum and Perilla Decoction) [from *Danliao Fang*, also known as Xiongzhi Xiangsu San]
Treats fever and headache due to cold damage in the four seasons.
Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) (7 qian) Perillae Folium (Zisu Ye) Puerariae Radix (Gegen) Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) Poria (Fuling) (each 0.5 liang) Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) (6 qian) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) (3.5 qian) Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike) (stir-fried, 3 qian) Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) (2.5 qian) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (2 qian). Crush. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 1 cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 1 jujube until reduced to 70%. Take warm at any time.
Yangwei Tang (Stomach-Nourishing Decoction) [from *Heji Jufang*]
Treats aversion to cold with high fever, dizziness, and headache caused by external contraction of wind-cold and internal injury from raw/cold food. It treats both wind-cold conditions whether complicated by food stagnation or phlegm retention. For those contracting wind pathogen, mild sweating is preferred.
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) (washed seven times in decoction) Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpu) (coarse bark removed, stir-fried with ginger juice) Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) (soaked in rice wash overnight, washed, sliced, stir-fried, 1 liang each) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Juhong) (7.5 qian) Agastaches Herba (Huoxiang Ye) (washed to remove dirt) Tsaoko Fructus (Caoguo) (skin and membrane removed) Poria (Fuling) (black skin removed) Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) (rhizome removed, 0.5 liang each) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (Zhi Gancao) (2.5 qian). Crush. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, 7 slices of ginger, and 1 mume fruit until reduced to 60%. Take hot. Also treats malaria caused by dietary injury to the spleen; if chills are predominant, add Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), named Shiwei Ming Buhuan Jin San.
Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]
Treats Yin meridian cold damage, spleen and stomach disharmony, and contraction of cold pathogen.
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (Zhi Gancao) Poria (Fuling) (peeled) Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) (rhizome removed) Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui) (coarse bark removed) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao) Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) (washed seven times in decoction, 3 liang each) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) (white part removed) Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike) (pith removed, stir-fried with bran) Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (roots and joints removed, 6 liang each) Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatus (Ganjiang) Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpu) (coarse bark removed, prepared with ginger juice, 4 liang each) Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) (soaked in rice wash, peeled, 24 liang) Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) (rhizome removed, 12 liang). Except for Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike), which are made into coarse powder separately, stir-fry the other thirteen herbs slowly over low heat until the color changes, spread to cool, then mix in Zhike and Rougui evenly. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 3 segments of scallion white until one cup remains. Take hot at any time. For stomach cold, use baked ginger; for qi constraint, add Evodiae Fructus (Zhuyu); for regulating menstruation and inducing labor, add Artemisiae Argyi Folium (Aiye) and vinegar. If spleen and stomach disharmony, internal injury from cold food, whole-body pain, dizziness, weakness, chest oppression, inability to eat, qi-pulse disharmony, cold limbs, nocturnal fright, evening restlessness, add a little salt to decoct. For Yin meridian cold damage with cold extremities, continuous deficiency sweating, fine-rapid pulse, cyanotic face, and vomiting, add Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) to decoct. Adjustments depend on clinical judgment.
Haicang (referring to Zhang Yuansu/Li Dongyuan's theory): Mahuang, Guizhi, Shaoyao, Gancao constitute Mahuang Guizhi Ban Tang; Cangzhu, Gancao, Chenpi, Nongpu constitute Pingwei San; Zhike, Jiegeng, Chenpi, Fuling, Banxia constitute Zhiji Chenfu Ban Tang; adding Chuanxiong and Danggui treats blood; adding Ganjiang constitutes Nongpu San. These combinations serve as formulas for releasing the exterior and warming the middle, eliminating fullness, and regulating menstruation. Although they address internal cold and external contraction, interior and exterior divisions, they are not the precise formulas of Zhang Zhongjing's Ma Huang Tang, Gui Zhi Tang, Jiang, or Fu. They require flexible application by skilled practitioners.
Renshen Baidu San (Ginseng Detoxification Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]
Treats cold damage with headache, high fever, aversion to cold, wind-phlegm cough, nasal congestion, heavy voice, rheumatism with body swelling and pain, aversion to wind, and epidemics. Suitable for all seasons. For wind-cold with sweating, use after Summer Solstice.
Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) Saposhnikoviae Radix (Duhuo) Peucedani Radix (Qianhu) Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Xiong) Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike) Poria (Fuling) Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) (each 1 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (0.5 liang). Make into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 1 cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, and a little Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe) until reduced to 70%. Strain and take warm.
Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Decoction) [from *Yuanrong Fang*]
Treats all fevers due to internal and external contractions. It is said that Qianhu and Gegen naturally release the muscle layer, while Zhike and Chenpi naturally widen the diaphragm. It greatly treats middle-jiao fullness and stagnation. Do not be constrained by apparent symptoms when fever is present. Especially suitable for children and unmarried women.
Costi Radix (Muxiang) (0.5 liang) Perillae Folium (Zisu Ye) Puerariae Radix (Gegen) Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) (washed seven times in decoction, stir-fried with ginger juice) Peucedani Radix (Qianhu) (radicle removed) Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) (rhizome removed) Poria (Fuling) (peeled, 7.5 qian each) Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike) (pith removed, stir-fried with bran) Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) (rhizome removed) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (Zhi Gancao) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) (white part removed, 0.5 liang each). Crush. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, 7 slices of ginger, and 1 jujube. Take slightly warm at any time. For those with chronic phlegm, alternate with Erchen Tang or Liujunzi Tang after fever subsides. This formula treats phlegm-fluid retention obstructing the middle jiao causing dizziness, heartburn, palpitations, vomiting, phlegm-fluid invading joints causing dragging limbs, facial paralysis, hemiplegia, vomiting after eating, headache, fever resembling cold damage. Method: Combine 3 liang of this formula with 2 liang of Siwu Tang, named Fuling Buxin Tang. Greatly treats deficiency-fever in men and women, five-heart heat, epistaxis, hematemesis, hematochezia, and deficiency-fever from excessive uterine bleeding in women. Also suitable for deficiency-fever from overthinking and alternating chills and fever, with miraculous effect.
Jiawei Xiangsu San (Modified Fragrant Perilla Powder) [from *Bacui Fang*]
Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu Zi) (3 liang) Perillae Caulis (Zisu Geng) (2 liang) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) (1 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (0.5 liang). Make into coarse powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water until 1 cup remains, add 3 slices of ginger and 2 stalks of scallion white with roots. Take hot.
For headache, add Chuanxiong and Baizhi; for headache like an axe blow, add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and scallion head with roots; for lateral/frontal headache, add Xixin, Shigao, and Bohe; for Taiyang acupoint pain, add Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Spike) and Shigao; for wind-cold with spontaneous sweating, add Guizhi; for cold damage without sweating, add Mahuang (joints removed) and Ganjiang; for wind-cold with aversion to cold, add Cangzhu; for persistent wind-cold cough, add Banxia and Xingren (kernel removed); for wind-cold with chest oppression, add processed Zhike; for unremitting wind-cold fever, add Zhang Chaihu and Huangqin; for wind-cold with nasal congestion, heavy voice, and throat discomfort, add Jiegeng and Xuanfuhua; for wind-cold with copious phlegm, add Baifuzi and Tiannanxing; for wind-cold with epistaxis, add Maohua; for wind-cold with rapid breathing and anxiety, add Fudupi and Sangbaipi; for wind-cold with nasal blockage and dizziness, add Qianghuo and Jingjie; for unremitting wind-cold with intermittent hematemesis, add Shengdihuang; for unremitting wind-cold with purulent otorrhea and pain, add Qianghuo and Jingjie; for unremitting wind-cold with sore throat, add Jiegeng; for wind-cold with middle-jiao cold and anorexia, add Qingpi (white part removed) and Zhike; for persistent wind-cold nausea/vomiting, add Dingxiang and Banxia; for wind-cold with severe dizziness and vertigo, add Shu Fuzi; for wind-cold with occasional chills, add Guizhi; for wind-cold with phlegm oppression and persistent vomiting, add Baifuzi, Xuanfuhua, and Banxia; for post-wind-cold lingering deficiency-fever, add Renshen; for wind-cold with indigestion, add Sharen and Qingpi; for unremitting wind-cold with tidal fever from noon to midday, add Digupi, Zhang Chaihu, and Renshen; for initial wind-cold with headache, fever, and nasal congestion, add Qianghuo and Chuanxiong; for wind-cold with back pain and stiffness, add Guigui and Taoren; for unremitting wind-cold body pain, add Chi Shaoyao and Zijinpi; for wind-cold with neck stiffness and inability to turn head, add Qianghuo and Guigui; for abdominal pain, add Muxiang; for unbearable stabbing abdominal pain, add Jianghuang and 7 Zhuyu grains; for unbearable constant lower abdominal pain, add Muxiang, Ginger, and Jujube; for sudden large intestine pain/swelling in women preventing walking, add Muxiang, Mugua, and Zhuyu; for women suffering from qi constraint with chest oppression, rib pain, and urgent urination, add Muxiang and Zhike; for women suffering from qi pain, add Muxiang and Sharen; for spleen/stomach disharmony with middle-jiao discomfort, add Guya and Shenqu; for wind-cold with vomiting/diarrhea/abdominal pain, add Ganjiang and Muxiang; for sudden heart pain, add Yanshusuo and 1 cup of wine; for carbuncles/jaundice after excessive drinking, add Shanyinyinchen and Shanzhizi; for alcohol-induced vomiting, add Wumei and Dingxiang; for pre-menstrual chills/fever, add Sumu and Honghua; for postpartum lingering deficiency-fever with thirst, add Renshen and Dihuang; for postpartum unremitting fever, add Renshen and Huangqi; for postpartum persistent back pain, add Danggui and Guigui; for persistent cold cough, add Ganjiang, Wuweizi, and Xingren; for spleen cold, add Liangjiang, Qingpi, and Caoguo; for podagra, add Muxiang, Mugua, Niuxi, Zijinpi, Zhuyu, and Chuanlianzi; for wind-cold-fever-headache, add Buhuanjin Zhengqi San; for cold-damage headache/high fever/aversion to cold/body pain/inability to move, add Shengliao Wuji San; for inability to eat/desire to vomit but unable, add Dingxiang and Luobozhongzi; for cold-damage headache/fever/body pain distinguishing yin/yang, add Baidu Shigao; for postpartum wind-stroke hand/foot pain, combine Shengliao Wuji San, Renshen Baidu San, Mugua, Buhuanjin Zhengqi San, Shengdihuang, and Chuanxiong.
Shishen Tang (Ten-God Decoction) [from *Heji Jufang*]
Treats fever from seasonal irregularities, epidemics, cold damage, or impending rash. Suitable for both yin-yang double exposure and wind-cold.
Chuanxiong Gancao Mahuang (roots/joints removed) Gegen Zisu Shengma Chishao Baizhi Chenpi Xiangfu Zi (equal parts). Crush. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct with ginger and scallion. If headache is severe, add 3 scallion whites. If fullness/qi excess, add Zhike. Take hot.
Commentary by Wu: This formula uses Shengma and Gegen to release Yangming meridian epidemic qi. It is not for standard cold damage. Using it for Taiyang cold damage with fever may transmit to Yangming. Use with caution.
Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache Qi-Regulating Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]
Treats cold damage headache, aversion to cold with high fever, or dampness-induced cholera/vomiting/diarrhea. Regular use removes mountain miasma, summerheat, vomiting/diarrhea, and calf cramps. Add Xiangru, Bian Dou, and Huanglian, named Huoxu Tang.
Dafupi Baizhi Fuling (peeled) Perillae Caulis et Folium (Zisu Jingye) Huoxiang (each 3 liang) Nongpu (coarse bark removed, ginger-processed) Baizhu Chenpi (white part removed) Jiegeng Banxia Qu (each 2 liang) Zhi Gancao (1 liang). Crush. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 3 ginger slices and 1 jujube. Take hot.
Commentary by Wu: Formulated by Song scholars to treat internal dietary injury and external cold contraction, causing chills, rigidity, headache, vomiting, chest oppression. Also treats food/cold/damp injury, summerheat, cholera, mountain miasma,水土不服 (acclimatization issues), alternating chills/malaria. Not for standard cold damage. If Taiyang headache/fever/bone pain exists, this formula is irrelevant. Misuse depletes healthy qi, reverses meridians, and causes complications even if sweating occurs. Contraindicated in cold damage with deep pulse, deficient yuan qi, and yin-concealed cold damage.
Dabai Zhu Tang (Great Atractylis Powder) [from *Baoming Ji*]
Harmonizes four-season cold damage, resolves all six meridians, avoiding taboos.
Baizhu Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (each 2 liang) Fangfeng Qianghuo Chuanxiong (each 1 liang) Gancao (5 qian or 1 liang) Huangqin Zhishi (pith removed, each 5 qian) Zhimu (7 qian) Baizhi (1.5 liang) Xixin (3 qian). Coarse powder. Take 0.5 liang per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups water until 1 cup remains. Take very warm. If unresolved, take another dose; reuse residue for a third dose.
Spring: Double Fangfeng and Qianghuo. Summer: Double Huangqin and Zhimu. Late Summer (rainy): Double Baizhu and Baizhi. Autumn: Add Guizhi 5 qian. Winter: Add Guizhi 8 qian or 1 liang.
These formulas are for those with sufficient yuan qi. Xiongsu/Xiangsu San suits external > internal; Hejie/Yangwei Tang suits internal > external; Wuji San suits cold predominance (also winter); Dabai Zhu Tang suits heat predominance (also spring/summer); Baidu San suits dampness; Shensu Yin suits phlegm; Shishen Zhengqi aligns with Wu's critique. Generally, for complex exterior-interior syndromes resembling but not being standard cold damage, select from these. If pulse/symptoms match Ma Huang Tang or Gui Zhi Tang, follow Zhang Zhongjing. For deficient yuan qi or chronic heat unsuitable for Ma/Gui, follow Jiegu/Haicang methods to gradually reduce. Life is precious; physicians must be meticulous.
Dai Yuan Shi (Yuan Li) Treatment Methods: For initial wind-cold/cold damage, use Hejie San, Xiongzhi Xiangsu San, or Yangwei Tang + Cao/Gexi 0.5 qian, take hot and cover warmly. If definite wind-cold with spontaneous sweating/aversion to wind, use Guizhi Tang hot and covered. For wheezing, add Xingren 1 qian; for cough, add Wuweizi 1 qian; for thirst, add Renshen 0.5 qian. For unrelieved external heat, use Baidu San; for heat with sweating, use Baidu San + Guizhi 0.5 qian or Yangdan Tang. For vomiting, do not use Guizhi Tang; combine with original formula + Banxia 1 qian + ginger. This is not combined disease vomiting but miscellaneous disease vomiting, so it is usable. Wind-cold requires sweating, but for deficient patients, use Guizhi Tang + Huangqi 0.5 qian. If definite cold damage with aversion to cold/no sweating, use Wuji San, cover thickly to sweat. For wheezing/cough, use Xingzi Tang + Mahuang 0.5 qian. If desire to sweat but cannot, repeat dose. If fever persists after sweating, use Shensu San or Baidu San + Guizhi 0.5 qian. For vomiting, use Yangwei Tang (not combined disease vomiting). If wind-cold both injure, or aversion to wind/cold without sweating, uncertain case, use half Wuji San + half Baidu San, named Jiaojia San. For wheezing/cough, use Xiao Qinglong Tang. Initial Taiyang syndrome with cold only (no heat yet), heat appears after 1-2 days: this is cold injury. Wind-cold has heat immediately. If cold only/unresolved, use Wuji San to sweat. If exterior symptoms resolved after taking exterior-releasing herbs, no interior agitation/thirst/red urine/normal stool, but lingering fever, use Xiangsu San, Baidu San, or Xiao Chaihu Tang + Guizhi 0.5 qian. If exterior symptoms resolved, no interior symptoms, but body pain persists, likely due to excessive sweating causing Ying-Wei disharmony; use Xiao Jianzhong Tang with medium-strength Guizhi.
Hejian Liu Shi Treatment Methods: Cold damage exterior excess (no sweating), headache, stiff neck/back, fever, aversion to cold, shoulder/back rigidity, cold fingertips, floating-tight-rough pulse: use Qingjie San + Tianshui San to sweat. Wind-cold exterior deficiency (spontaneous sweating), stiff neck, joint pain, nasal whistling, dry retching, aversion to wind, warm hands, floating-slow pulse: use Tongjie San or Tianshui San to resolve. If mouth dry/thirsty regardless of excess/deficiency, use Shuangjie San to sweat. After sweating, if residual heat persists, use Liangge San to clear. If days progress/regress but exterior signs remain with deep-numerous pulse, first use Tianshui Lianqiao Yin to clear, wait for floating pulse and reduced interior heat, then use Shuangjie San to sweat. After cold damage sweating, floating pulse, difficult urination, slight fever, dry mouth: use Wuling San to separate. More exterior than interior heat: Yi Yuan 1, Liangge 0.5 to harmonize. More interior than exterior heat: Liangge 1, Yi Yuan 0.5 to regulate. Both exterior-interior heat, headache, dry mouth, continuous sweating: Baihu Tang. Half-exterior/half-interior, alternating chills/fever, bitter taste, dry tongue, deafness, dry retching, chest/hypochondriac fullness/pain: Xiao Chaihu Tang to harmonize. Diaphragm heat with persistent vomiting: Banxia Jupi Tang. Unquenchable thirst leading to damp-heat, diarrhea, red/scanty urine, abdominal fullness/pain, headache, dry mouth: Guiling Ganlu Yin. Damp-heat internal remainder causing frequent dysentery with lower abdominal pain: Huanglian Jiedu Tang. Deepening cold damage with extreme interior/exterior heat, epigastric urgency/restlessness, fever/sweating unrelieved, epigastric hardness, vomiting/diarrhea, Yangming excessive sweating, Taiyin abdominal fullness/pain, Shaoyin clear-water diarrhea with epigastric pain/dry mouth, or no exterior-interior signs but fever for 7-8 days with floating-numerous pulse: use Da Chaihu Tang to mildly purge to clear both, or add Xiao Chengqi Tang. Deepening cold damage with extreme interior heat, afternoon tidal fever, delirium, mania, abdominal fullness/pain: use Dachengqi Tang to purge, or Sanyi Chengqi Tang.
Dai's formulas tend hot; Liu's tend cold. Suitability depends on era, geography, constitution, and pathogen. Physicians must judge carefully. Liu's formulas listed below were absent in previous sections.
Tongsheng San (Light Agent) [from *Qingji*]
Treats wind-heat stagnation, chills/fever, tendon spasms, limb wasting, dizziness, tinnitus, nasal congestion, bitter taste, dry tongue, throat discomfort, sticky sputum, cough, upper qi, dry intestines/bowel, bloody stool, blood stasis, sores/swelling, persistent malaria, postpartum blood-stasis abdominal pain, pediatric convulsion/accumulation heat, fall injuries, cold damage/wind-cold.
Fangfeng Mangxiao Lianqiao Chuanxiong Mahuang Bohe Baishaoyao Danggui Dahuang (each 5 qian) Huangqin Jiegeng Shigao (each 1 liang) Gancao (2 liang) Jingjie Shanzhi Baizhu (each 1 qian) Huashi (3 liang). Crush. Take 1-2 liang per dose, decoct with 1 cup water and 3 ginger slices until 70%. Strain, take warm. For wind-cold release, add 3 scallion whites. For phlegm-cough, add Banxia.
Liangge San (Clearing Agent) [from *Qingji*]
Treats heart fire excess, diaphragm heat, red eyes, dizziness, mouth ulcers, cracked lips, epistaxis, hematemesis, cough/phlegm, stranguria, urinary/fecal obstruction, shaoyang/minor yang cold damage, stomach heat, yin consumption/yang exhaustion (to nourish yin/reduce yang), residual heat after sweating/purging, pediatric pustules/blackening.
Lianqiao (1 liang) Gancao Shanzhi Huangqin Dahuang Bohe (each 5 qian) Puxiao (2.5 qian). Crush. Take 1 liang per dose, decoct with 1 cup water and 30 bamboo leaves until 70%. Strain, add raw honey, take warm after meal. Add Huanglian 5 qian, name Qingxin Tang.
Tianshui San (Pale Agent) [from *Danji*]
Treats cold damage with both exterior-interior heat, irritability, dry mouth/thirst, urinary obstruction, cholera/vomiting/diarrhea, intestinal sounds. Primarily treats kidney stones and difficult labor/lactation induction. Divine medicine.
Huashi (fine white, 6 liang) Fencao (1.5 liang). Make extremely fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose with white water or fresh well water. Add Bohe powder, name Jisu San; add Qingdai powder, name Biyu San. Same treatments, merely to avoid secular disdain.