〔薛〕经曰∶目者，五脏六腑之精，荣卫魂魄之所常营也，神气之所常主也。又
曰∶诸脉者皆属于目，目得血而能视。五脏六腑精气皆上注于目，而为之精。故白
睛属肺，黑睛属肝，瞳人属肾，上下胞属脾，两 属心，而内 又属膀胱。五腑五
色，各有所司，心主赤，赤甚心实热也，用导赤散，赤微者心虚热也，用生犀散。肝主
青，青甚者肝热也，用泻青丸，淡青者肝虚也，用地黄丸。脾主黄，黄甚者脾热也，
用泻黄散，淡黄者脾虚也，用异功散。目无睛光，及白睛多黑睛少者，肝肾俱不足
也，用地黄丸加鹿茸。昼视通明夜视罔见者，因禀阳气衰弱，遇夜阴盛则阳愈衰，
故不能视也，用冲和养胃汤。凡赤脉翳物从上而下者属足太阳经，用东垣选奇汤。
从下而上者属足阳明经，用《局方》流气饮。盖翳膜者，风热内蕴也，邪气未定谓
之热翳而浮于外，邪气已定谓之冰翳而沉于内，邪气既深谓之陷翳，宜升发之，退
翳之药佐之。若上眼皮下出黑白翳者属太阳寒水，从外至内者属少阳风热，从下至
上绿色者属足阳明及肺肾合病也。疳眼者，因肝火湿热上冲，脾气有亏，不能上升清
气，故生白翳，睫闭不开，眵泪如糊，久而脓流，遂至损目，用益气聪明汤、茯苓
泻湿汤及四味肥儿丸。目闭不开者，因乳食失节，或过服寒凉之药，使阳气下陷不
能升举，故目不开，用柴胡复生汤。若胃气亏损，眼睫无力而不能开者，用补中益
气汤。暴赤肿痛者，肝火炽盛也，用龙胆泻肝汤。多泪羞明者，肝心积热也，用生
犀散。亦有肝肾虚热者，用地黄丸。风沿烂眼者，膈有积热也，用清胃散。时时作
痒者，浓溃生虫也，用点药紫苏膏。眼睫连札者，肝经风热也，用柴胡清肝散。若
生下目黄壮热，大小便秘结，乳食不思，面赤眼闭者，皆由在胎时感母热毒所致，
儿服泻黄散，母服地黄丸。若乳母膏粱积热，致儿目黄者，令母服清胃散。若肢体、
面目、爪甲皆黄，小便如屋尘色者，难治。又有痘疹后余毒未尽，上侵于目者，属
肾肝虚也，用滋阴肾气丸。前证多宜审治其母，兼调其儿。
初生眼不开
胎赤（并见初生门）
【薛己】《内经》说：眼睛，是五脏六腑精气的汇聚之处，也是营气、卫气、魂、魄经常循行活动的部位，更是神气经常主宰的地方。又说：所有的脉络都归属于眼睛，眼睛得到血液的滋养才能看见。五脏六腑的精气都向上灌注到眼睛，从而形成视觉功能。因此，白睛（眼白）属于肺，黑睛（角膜及虹膜部分）属于肝，瞳仁属于肾，上下眼睑属于脾，两眦（眼角）属于心，而内眦深处又属于膀胱。五腑与五色各有所主，心主红色，红色深重的是心经实热，用导赤散治疗；红色轻微的是心经虚热，用生犀散治疗。肝主青色，青色深重的是肝经热盛，用泻青丸治疗；颜色淡青的是肝血虚，用地黄丸治疗。脾主黄色，黄色深重的是脾经热盛，用泻黄散治疗；颜色淡黄的是脾虚，用异功散治疗。眼睛没有神采光泽，以及白睛多而黑睛少的人，是肝肾两脏都不足的表现，用地黄丸加鹿茸治疗。白天视力正常，到了晚上就看不见东西的人，是因为先天禀赋阳气衰弱，遇到夜晚阴气盛时阳气更加衰微，所以不能视物，用冲和养胃汤治疗。凡是赤脉和翳障从上往下长的，属于足太阳经病变，用东垣选奇汤治疗。从下往上长的，属于足阳明经病变，用《太平惠民和剂局方》中的流气饮治疗。大概翳膜的形成，是由于风热内蕴所致。邪气尚未定型称为“热翳”，浮于外部；邪气已经定型称为“冰翳”，沉于内部；邪气深入称为“陷翳”，应当使用升发之法，并配合退翳的药物辅助治疗。如果上眼皮下方出现黑白翳障，属于太阳寒水之证；从外向内发展的，属于少阳风热；从下往上发展且呈绿色的，属于足阳明经与肺肾合病。疳积眼，是因为肝火湿热上冲，脾气亏损，不能上升清气，所以产生白翳，睫毛闭合无法睁开，眼屎眼泪像糊状，时间久了流出脓液，最终导致眼睛受损，用益气聪明汤、茯苓泻湿汤及四味肥儿丸治疗。眼睛紧闭无法睁开，是因为乳食不节制，或者过度服用寒凉药物，导致阳气下陷不能升举，所以眼睛睁不开，用柴胡复生汤治疗。如果是胃气亏损，眼睑无力而无法睁开，用补中益气汤治疗。突然发生眼睛红肿疼痛的，是肝火炽盛，用龙胆泻肝汤治疗。流泪多且怕光的，是肝心积热，用生犀散治疗。也有因肝肾虚热引起的，用地黄丸治疗。风沿烂眼（眼睑边缘溃烂），是膈间有积热，用清胃散治疗。不时感到瘙痒的，是脓溃生虫，用点药紫苏膏外治。眼睑抽搐连带的，是肝经风热，用柴胡清肝散治疗。如果婴儿出生后即目黄、壮热、大小便便秘结、不想吃奶、面色红赤、眼睛紧闭，这都是因为在母胎期间感染了母亲的热毒所致，婴儿服用泻黄散，母亲服用地黄丸。如果是乳母食用肥甘厚味导致积热，致使婴儿目黄的，让母亲服用清胃散。如果肢体、面目、爪甲全都发黄，小便像屋尘颜色的，难以治疗。又有痘疹之后余毒未尽，向上侵犯眼睛的，属于肝肾虚损，用滋阴肾气丸治疗。上述病症大多适宜仔细诊治其母亲，同时调理婴儿。
初生婴儿眼睛不睁开
胎赤（详见初生门章节）
[Xue Ji] The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) states: The eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the five zang and six fu organs, the site where Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi), Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), Hun (Ethereal Soul), and Po (Corporeal Soul) frequently circulate, and the locus where Shen Spirit (Divine Spirit) frequently governs. It further states: All meridians and collaterals connect to the eyes; the eyes can see only when nourished by blood. The essence and qi of the five zang and six fu organs all ascend and pour into the eyes to form visual function. Therefore, the sclera (white part of the eye) belongs to the Lung, the cornea/iris (black part) belongs to the Liver, the pupil belongs to the Kidney, the upper and lower eyelids belong to the Spleen, the canthi (corners of the eyes) belong to the Heart, and the inner canthus deep area belongs to the Bladder. Each of the six fu organs corresponds to a specific color: the Heart governs red; intense red indicates Heart Excess-Heat, treated with Daochi San (Coptis Decoction); mild red indicates Heart Deficiency-Heat, treated with Shengxi San (Fresh Rhinoceros Horn Powder). The Liver governs green/blue; intense green indicates Liver Heat, treated with Xieqing Wan (Drain the Green Pill); pale green indicates Liver Blood Deficiency, treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). The Spleen governs yellow; intense yellow indicates Spleen Heat, treated with Xiehuang San (Drain the Yellow Powder); pale yellow indicates Spleen Deficiency, treated with Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder). Eyes lacking luster, or those with excessive sclera relative to the iris, indicate insufficiency of both Liver and Kidney, treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) plus Rusa Rong (Deer Antler). Those who see clearly during the day but cannot see at night suffer from congenital weakness of Yang Qi; when Yin is abundant at night, Yang becomes even weaker, resulting in blindness, treated with Chonghe Yangwei Tang (Harmonizing and Stomach-Nourishing Decoction). Red vessels and nebulae growing from top to bottom belong to the Foot-Taiyang Meridian, treated with Dongyuan Xuanqi Tang (Dongyuan's Selecting Marvelous Decoction). Those growing from bottom to top belong to the Foot-Yangming Meridian, treated with Liuqi Yin (Flowing Qi Drink) from the *Jufang*. Generally, nebulae arise from internal accumulation of Wind-Heat. When pathogenic factors are unsettled, it is called "Hot Nebula" floating externally; when settled, "Ice Nebula" sinking internally; when deeply entrenched, "Sunken Nebula," requiring ascending and dispersing methods assisted by anti-nebula drugs. If black and white nebulae appear under the upper eyelid, it belongs to Taiyang Cold-Water; progressing from outside to inside belongs to Shaoyang Wind-Heat; progressing from bottom to top with a green hue belongs to a combined disease of Foot-Yangming, Lung, and Kidney. Gan Eye (Malnutrition Eye) results from Liver Fire and Damp-Heat rushing upward, combined with Spleen Qi deficiency failing to ascend clear Yang, leading to white nebulae, closed eyelids, pasty discharge and tears, eventual pus flow, and eye damage; treated with Yiqi Congming Tang (Benefiting Qi and Brightening Decoction), Fuling Xieshi Tang (Poria Draining Dampness Decoction), and Siwei Feier Wan (Four-Ingredient Fat-Enriching Pill). Closed eyes unable to open result from irregular diet or excessive use of cold-cooling herbs causing Yang Qi to sink and fail to rise, treated with Chaihu Fusheng Tang (Bupleurum Restoring Life Decoction). If stomach Qi is deficient and eyelids lack strength to open, treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Benefit Qi Decoction). Sudden redness, swelling, and pain indicate blazing Liver Fire, treated with Longdan Xiegan Tang (Gentian Draining Liver Decoction). Excessive tearing and photophobia indicate accumulated heat in Liver and Heart, treated with Shengxi San (Fresh Rhinoceros Horn Powder). Cases due to Liver-Kidney Deficiency-Heat are treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). Marginal blepharitis (rotten eyes along the lid margin) indicates accumulated heat in the diaphragm, treated with Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder). Intermittent itching indicates ulceration with parasites, treated topically with Zisu Gao (Perilla Ointment). Eyelid twitching indicates Liver Meridian Wind-Heat, treated with Chaihu Qinggan San (Bupleurum Clearing Liver Powder). If an infant is born with jaundice, high fever, constipation, anorexia, flushed face, and closed eyes, it is caused by maternal heat-toxin transmitted during gestation; the infant takes Xiehuang San (Drain the Yellow Powder), and the mother takes Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). If the nursing mother's consumption of rich foods causes accumulated heat leading to infant jaundice, the mother should take Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder). If limbs, face, eyes, and nails are all yellow and urine resembles house-dust water, the condition is difficult to treat. After smallpox/rash, residual toxins invading the eyes indicate Liver-Kidney Deficiency, treated with Ziyin Shenqi Wan (Nourishing Yin and Kidney Qi Pill). For these conditions, it is often appropriate to carefully treat the mother while simultaneously regulating the infant.
Newborn Eyes Not Opening
Fetal Redness (See Newborn Section)