大意
虚邪贼风。阳先受之。伤于风者。上先受之。（经文） 盖肺主皮毛。脾主肌肉。气卫于外。风邪不能为害。惟脾虚
而肌肉不充。肺虚而玄府不闭。则风乘虚入。（微论）
病因
更衣脱帽。沐浴当风。皮毛之间。卒然受邪。内舍于肺者。外因也。衣被过浓。上焦壅热。内热生风。似乎伤风
者。内因也。肺家素有痰热。复受风邪束缚。内火不得舒泄。谓之寒暄。此表里两因之实症也。有平昔元气
虚弱。表疏腠松。略有不谨。即显风症者。此表里两因之虚症也。（汇补）
见症
轻者。咳嗽有痰。咽干声重。鼻燥作痒。或流清涕。腹胀额闷。口燥喉痛。重者。头痛项强。肢节烦疼。憎寒壮热。
头眩呕吐。心烦潮热。自汗恶风。亦有无汗而恶风者。（汇补）
伤风伤暖辨
外风所伤。鼻流清涕。咳嗽清痰。舌无胎膜。内热生风。鼻流浊涕。咳嗽稠痰。舌有红点。其余诸症。则相似也。
（汇补）
伤风伤寒辨
风循经络。亦有六经传变。其初起头疼身热与伤寒同。但伤风必鼻塞流涕。且多恶风。居暖室之中。则坦
然自如。伤寒恶寒。虽近烈火。仍复怕寒。又伤风在表者。有汗而手足微烦。伤寒在表者。无汗而手足微冷。
伤风在里。肺热而皮肤发疹。伤寒在里。胃热而肌肉发斑。皆各异也。（汇补）
脉法
左寸关浮弦有力者。伤风也。右寸关洪滑有力者。伤暖也。右寸关濡弱无力者。兼虚也。（汇补）
总治
有汗当实表。无汗当疏邪。内热当清火。实表不可大补。疏邪不可太峻。清火不可太凉。若肺虚伤风者。先
与祛邪。遂即养正。先后缓急。不可偏废。（士材）
大汗宜禁
伤风症。腠理疏泄。但宜轻扬之剂彻越其邪。不可与伤寒家大汗之药。恐蹈亡阳之戒。（汇补）
久虚宜补
如虚人伤风。屡感屡发。形气病气俱虚者。又当补中。而佐以和解。倘专泥发散。恐脾气益虚。腠理益疏。邪
乘虚入。病反增剧也。（立斋）
用药总法
主以二陈汤。加桔梗、前胡、苏叶、桑皮、杏仁。身热。加柴胡、黄芩。体痛。加羌活、防风。头痛。加川芎。胸
满。加枳壳。痰多。加金沸草。气逆。加苏子。内热。加玄参。咳嗽。加栝蒌。若三时伤风。重者冲和汤。冬月伤风。
重者桂枝汤。凡表症恶风。身热自汗自利。当用药中加桂枝。其效尤捷也。体虚易于伤风。不时感冒者。补中益气汤。
加桔梗、茯苓、半夏。（汇补）
【附胃风】
胃风者。饮食之后。乘风取凉所致。其症饮食不下。形瘦腹大。恶风头汗。膈塞不通。右关脉弦缓带浮者是
也。宜胃风汤主之。（类案）
伤风选方
川芎饮 治感冒风邪。胸满头疼。咳嗽吐痰。憎寒壮热。状似伤寒。脉浮而缓。
川芎 苏叶 枳壳 桔梗 陈皮 前胡 半夏 茯苓 木香
去川芎。加人参。即名苏参饮。
川芎茶调散 川芎 甘草 羌活 荆芥 薄荷 防风 白芷
桂枝汤 太阳伤风。脉浮缓。恶风。发热自汗。鼻鸣干呕。或下利等症。
桂枝 甘草 白芍药
枣、姜煎服。覆之。令微汗。
香苏饮 主四时感冒风邪。头疼发热。
紫苏 香附 陈皮 甘草
姜、葱水煎。
胃风汤（方见痢疾）
大意
虚邪贼风（指异常的气候变化），阳气虚弱者先受其害。被风邪所伤，头部和上部先受侵袭。（经文）
肺主司皮毛，脾主司肌肉，卫气护卫于体表，风邪便不能为害。只有当脾气虚弱导致肌肉不充实，肺气虚弱导致玄府（汗孔）开阖失司时，风邪才会乘虚而入。（微论）
病因
换衣服、脱帽子、洗澡时对着风吹，皮毛之间突然受到邪气侵袭，内传于肺，这是外因。衣被过厚，上焦壅滞生热，体内热气化生风象，看起来像伤风，这是内因。肺中素有痰热，又受到风邪束缚，内火不得舒展宣泄，称为“寒暄”（此处指外寒束表、内有郁热的复杂病机）。这是表里两因导致的实证。有平素元气虚弱，肌表疏松、腠理不固的人，稍微不慎，就显现出风症，这是表里两因导致的虚证。（汇补）
见症
轻症的，咳嗽有痰，咽干声音重浊，鼻燥发痒，或流清鼻涕，腹胀额头闷痛，口干燥喉咙痛。重症的，头痛项强，肢体关节烦疼，怕冷高热，头晕呕吐，心烦潮热，自汗恶风。也有无汗但恶风的。（汇补）
伤风与伤暖（内热生风）辨别
外感风邪所伤的，流清鼻涕，咳嗽清稀痰，舌苔无红点；内热生风的，流浊涕，咳嗽稠痰，舌上有红点。其余各种症状，则相似。（汇补）
伤风与伤寒辨别
风邪循经络侵入，也有六经传变的过程。初起时的头疼身热与伤寒相同，但伤风必定鼻塞流涕，且多怕风，居住在温暖的房间里，则安然自如。伤寒则是怕冷，即使靠近烈火，仍然觉得寒冷。另外，伤风在表的，有汗而手足轻微烦热；伤寒在表的，无汗而手足轻微发冷。伤风入里的，肺热导致皮肤发疹；伤寒入里的，胃热导致肌肉发斑。这些都各不相同。（汇补）
脉法
左手寸关部脉浮弦有力的，是伤风。右手寸关部脉洪滑有力的，是伤暖（内热生风）。右手寸关部脉濡弱无力的，兼有虚证。（汇补）
总治原则
有汗的应当固护肌表，无汗的应当疏解邪气。有内热的应当清泻火热。固护肌表不可大补，疏解邪气不可过于峻猛，清泻火热不可过于寒凉。如果是肺气虚导致的伤风，先给予祛邪，随即调养正气，先后缓急，不可偏废。（士材）
大汗宜禁
伤风症，腠理疏泄，只宜用轻扬之剂透达邪气，不可使用治疗伤寒的大汗药，恐怕触犯亡阳的禁忌。（汇补）
久虚宜补
如体虚之人伤风，屡次感受屡次发作，形体气息和病气都虚弱的人，又应当补益中气，并佐以和解之法。倘若专门拘泥于发散解表，恐怕脾气更加虚弱，腠理更加疏松，邪气乘虚而入，病情反而加重。（立斋）
用药总法
主方用二陈汤，加桔梗、前胡、苏叶、桑白皮、杏仁。身体发热，加柴胡、黄芩。身体疼痛，加羌活、防风。头痛，加川芎。胸满，加枳壳。痰多，加金沸草。气逆，加苏子。内热，加玄参。咳嗽，加栝蒌。如果三时（泛指四季不同时节）伤风，重症用冲和汤。冬季伤风，重症用桂枝汤。凡是表证恶风，身热自汗自利，应当在药中加入桂枝，疗效尤其快捷。体质虚弱容易伤风，不时感冒的人，用补中益气汤，加桔梗、茯苓、半夏。（汇补）
【附：胃风】
胃风症，是饮食之后，乘风取凉所致。其症状是饮食难下，形体消瘦腹部胀大，恶风头汗，膈塞不通，右手关脉弦缓带浮的就是此症。宜用胃风汤主治。（类案）
伤风选方
川芎饮 治疗感冒风邪，胸满头疼，咳嗽吐痰，怕冷高热，状似伤寒，脉浮而缓。
药材：川芎、苏叶、枳壳、桔梗、陈皮、前胡、半夏、茯苓、木香。
去掉川芎，加入人参，即名为苏参饮。
川芎茶调散 药材：川芎、甘草、羌活、荆芥、薄荷、防风、白芷。
桂枝汤 治疗太阳经伤风，脉浮缓，恶风，发热自汗，鼻鸣干呕，或下利等症状。
药材：桂枝、甘草、白芍药。
加枣、姜煎服，服药后覆盖衣被，令微微出汗。
General Principles
Deficient pathogens and thieving winds (abnormal climatic changes) affect those with deficient Yang Qi first. When injured by wind pathogen, the upper part of the body is affected first. (Classic Text)
The Lung governs the skin and hair, the Spleen governs the muscles, and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) protects the exterior, so wind pathogen cannot cause harm. Only when Spleen deficiency leads to insufficient muscle mass, and Lung deficiency leads to failure of Xuanfu (sweat pores) to open and close properly, will wind pathogen enter due to deficiency. (Wei Lun)
Etiology
Changing clothes, removing hats, or bathing while facing the wind causes sudden invasion of pathogen between the skin and hair, which enters internally to lodge in the Lung; this is an external cause. Overly thick clothing causes heat accumulation in the Upper Jiao, where internal heat generates wind-like symptoms resembling wind injury; this is an internal cause. If there is pre-existing phlegm-heat in the Lung, compounded by binding from wind pathogen, preventing internal fire from dispersing and venting, it is called "Han-Xuan" (a complex pathology of external cold binding and internal heat stagnation). This constitutes a excess syndrome caused by both external and internal factors. Those with chronic Yuan Qi (Primary Qi) deficiency, loose exterior and lax Couli (interstices), who manifest wind symptoms upon slight negligence, suffer from a deficiency syndrome caused by both external and internal factors. (Hui Bu)
Clinical Manifestations
In mild cases: cough with phlegm, dry throat with heavy voice, dry and itchy nose, or clear nasal discharge, abdominal distension and forehead stuffiness, dry mouth and sore throat. In severe cases: headache and stiff neck, painful and uncomfortable limbs and joints, aversion to cold with high fever, dizziness and vomiting, vexation and tidal fever, spontaneous sweating with aversion to wind. There are also cases with no sweating but aversion to wind. (Hui Bu)
Differentiation between Wind Injury and Warmth-Generated Wind (Internal Heat Generating Wind)
Wind injury from external wind presents with clear nasal discharge and coughing of clear thin sputum, with no red dots on the tongue coating. Internal heat generating wind presents with turbid nasal discharge and coughing of thick sputum, with red dots on the tongue. The remaining symptoms are similar. (Hui Bu)
Differentiation between Wind Injury and Cold Damage (Shanghan)
Wind follows the meridians and may undergo Six Meridian transmission. The initial headache and fever are the same as in Cold Damage. However, Wind Injury necessarily involves nasal congestion and discharge, and often aversion to wind; residing in a warm room allows for comfort. Cold Damage involves aversion to cold; even near fierce fire, one still feels cold. Furthermore, Wind Injury at the exterior level presents with sweating and slightly vexed hands and feet; Cold Damage at the exterior level presents with no sweating and slightly cold hands and feet. Wind Injury entering the interior involves Lung heat causing skin rashes; Cold Damage entering the interior involves Stomach heat causing macules on the muscles. All these are distinct. (Hui Bu)
Pulse Diagnosis
Floating, wiry, and forceful pulses at the Left Cun and Guan positions indicate Wind Injury. Surging, slippery, and forceful pulses at the Right Cun and Guan positions indicate Warmth-Generated Wind (Internal Heat). Soft, weak, and forceless pulses at the Right Cun and Guan positions indicate accompanying deficiency. (Hui Bu)
General Treatment Principles
If there is sweating, tonify the exterior; if there is no sweating, disperse the pathogen. If there is internal heat, clear the fire. Tonifying the exterior should not involve heavy supplementation; dispersing the pathogen should not be too harsh; clearing fire should not be too cooling. For Lung deficiency with Wind Injury, first dispel the pathogen, then nourish the righteous Qi. The sequence and urgency must not be neglected. (Shi Cai)
Contraindication of Profuse Sweating
In Wind Injury, the Couli are loose and leaking; only light and ascending agents should be used to vent the pathogen. One must not use profuse-sweating medicines typical of Cold Damage treatment, lest one violate the warning against Yang collapse. (Hui Bu)
Supplementation for Chronic Deficiency
For deficient individuals suffering from Wind Injury who repeatedly contract and relapse, presenting with deficiency in both physical constitution and disease qi, one should tonify the Middle Jiao and assist with harmonizing methods. If one strictly adheres to dispersing and releasing methods, the Spleen Qi may become further deficient, the Couli more lax, allowing pathogen to enter due to deficiency, thereby worsening the condition. (Li Zai)
General Medication Method
The main formula is Er Chen Tang, added with Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix), Su Ye (Perilla Leaf), Sang Bai Pi (Morus Bark), and Xing Ren (Apricot Seed). For body heat, add Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) and Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix). For body pain, add Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma) and Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix). For headache, add Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Rhizoma). For chest fullness, add Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus). For excessive phlegm, add Jin Fei Cao (Boerhaviae Radix). For rebellious Qi, add Su Zi (Perillae Fructus). For internal heat, add Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix). For cough, add Gua Lou (Trichosanthis Fructus). For Wind Injury during various seasons, severe cases use Chong He Tang. For Wind Injury in winter, severe cases use Gui Zhi Tang. Whenever exterior syndrome presents with aversion to wind, fever, spontaneous sweating, and spontaneous diarrhea, adding Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) to the medication yields particularly swift results. For those with weak constitutions prone to Wind Injury and frequent colds, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, added with Jie Geng, Fu Ling (Poria), and Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma). (Hui Bu)
[Appendix: Stomach Wind]
Stomach Wind is caused by seeking coolness after eating. Its symptoms include inability to eat, emaciation with abdominal distension, aversion to wind with head sweating, and obstruction in the diaphragm. A string-taut, slow, and floating pulse at the Right Guan position confirms this diagnosis. It should be treated primarily with Wei Feng Tang. (Lei An)
Selected Formulas for Wind Injury
Chuan Xiong Yin: Treats colds from wind pathogen, chest fullness, headache, cough with expectoration, aversion to cold with high fever, resembling Cold Damage, with floating and moderate pulses.
Ingredients: Chuan Xiong, Su Ye, Zhi Ke, Jie Geng, Chen Pi, Qian Hu, Ban Xia, Fu Ling, Mu Xiang.
Removing Chuan Xiong and adding Ren Shen creates the name Su Shen Yin.
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San:
Ingredients: Chuan Xiong, Gan Cao, Qiang Huo, Jing Jie, Bo He, Fang Feng, Bai Zhi.
Gui Zhi Tang: Treats Taiyang channel Wind Injury, with floating-moderate pulse, aversion to wind, fever, spontaneous sweating, nasal roaring, dry vomiting, or diarrhea.
Ingredients: Gui Zhi, Gan Cao, Bai Shao Yao.
Decoct with dates and ginger, cover with blankets to induce slight sweating.
Xiang Su Yin: Mainly treats wind pathogen colds in all four seasons, headache, and fever.
Ingredients: Zi Su, Xiang Fu, Chen Pi, Gan Cao.
Decoct with ginger and scallion water.
Wei Feng Tang (Formula see Dysentery section)