\r白颈蚯蚓\pd454.bmp\r
味咸，寒，大寒，无毒。主蛇瘕，去三虫，伏尸，鬼疰，蛊毒，杀长虫，仍自化
作水。疗伤寒伏热，狂谬，大腹，黄胆。一名土龙。生平土，三月取。阴干。
陶隐居云∶白颈是其老者尔，取破去土，盐之，日曝，须臾成水，道术多用之。温病大
热狂
言，饮其汁皆瘥，与黄龙汤疗同也。其屎，呼为蚓蝼（音娄），食细土无沙石，入合丹泥釜
用
。若服此干蚓，应熬作屑，去蛔虫甚有验也。唐本注云∶《别录》云，盐沾为汁，疗耳聋。
盐消蛔，功同蚯蚓。其屎，封狂犬伤毒。出犬毛，神效。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注又云∶解射
罔毒。药性论云∶蚯蚓，亦可单用，有小毒。干者熬末用之，主蛇伤毒。一名地龙子。日华
子
云∶蚯蚓，治中风并痫疾，去三虫，治传尸，天行热疾，喉痹，蛇虫伤。又名千人踏，即是
路行人踏杀者。入药烧用。其屎，治蛇、犬咬并热疮，并盐研敷。小儿阴囊忽虚热肿痛，以
生甘草汁调，轻轻涂之。
图经曰白颈蚯蚓，生平土，今处处平泽皋壤地中皆有之。白颈是老者耳。三月采，阴干，
一云须破去土盐之，晒干。方∶家谓之地龙。治脚风药，必须此物为使，然亦有毒。曾有人
因
脚病药中用此，果得奇效，病既愈，服之不辍，至二十余日，而觉躁愦乱，但欲饮水不已，
遂
至委顿。凡攻病用毒药已愈，当便罢服也。其矢呼为蚓蝼，并盐敷疮，可去热毒。
陈藏器蚯蚓粪土，疗赤白久热痢，取无沙者，末一升，炒令烟尽，水沃，取半大升，滤
去
粗滓，空肚服之。雷公凡使，收得后，用糯米水浸一宿，至明漉出，以无灰酒浸一日，至夜
漉出，焙令干后，细切。取蜀椒并糯米及切了蚯蚓，三件同熬之，待糯米熟，去水、椒了，
拣
净用之。凡修事二两，使米一分、椒一分为准。圣惠方治风赤眼。以地龙十条，炙干为末，
夜卧以冷茶调下二钱匕。又方洽蚰蜒入耳。地龙一条，纳葱叶中，化水滴耳中，其蚰蜒
亦化为水。又方治一切丹毒流肿，用地龙屎水和敷之。又方治代指。用蚯蚓杵为泥，敷
之。又方治小儿吐乳。用田中地龙粪一两，研末。空心以粥饮调下半钱匕，不过二、三服效
。外台秘要治火丹。取曲 粪，水和泥敷之。千金方治齿龈宣露。蚯蚓屎水和为泥，火烧令
极赤，研之如粉。腊月猪脂和敷上，日三，永瘥。千金翼治裂齿痛。取死曲 末敷之，止
。斗门方治小便不通。用蚯蚓杵，以冷水滤过，浓服半碗，立通。兼大解热疾不知人事，欲
死者，服之立效。胜金方治耳聋立效。以干地龙入盐，贮在葱尾内，为水点之。子母秘录
小儿耳后月蚀疮。烧蚯蚓屎，合猪脂敷之。谭氏小儿治蜘蛛咬，遍身疮子。以葱一枝，去
尖头作孔，将蚯蚓入葱叶中，紧捏两头，勿泄气，频摇动，即化为水，点咬处，瘥。孙真人
小儿患溃耳，出脓水成疮污方以蚯蚓粪碾末敷之，兼吹耳中，立效。百一方治交接劳复，阴
卵肿或缩入腹，腹绞痛，或便绝。蚯蚓数条，绞取汁服之，良。又方治中蛊毒或吐下血若
烂肝。取蚯蚓十四枚，以苦酒三升渍之，蚓死，但服其汁。已死者皆可活。
衍义曰白颈蚯蚓，自死者良，然亦应候而鸣。此物有毒。昔有病腹大，夜闻蚯蚓鸣于身，
有人教用盐水浸之而愈。崇宁末年，陇州兵士暑月中在 厅前，跣立厅下，为蚯蚓所中，遂
不
救。后数日，又有人被其毒，敷识者教以先饮盐汤一杯，次以盐汤浸足，乃愈，今入药，当
去土了微炙。若治肾脏风下疰病，不可阙也，仍须盐汤送。王荆公所谓 壤太牢俱有味，可
能蚯蚓独清廉者也。
白颈蚯蚓
味咸，性寒，大寒，无毒。主治蛇瘕（腹中因蛇毒或寄生虫引起的结块），驱除三虫（泛指体内多种寄生虫）、伏尸（潜伏体内的死血或积滞）、鬼疰（古代指由鬼神或传染性邪气引起的慢性消耗性疾病）、蛊毒（中毒或寄生虫病），杀灭长虫（蛔虫等肠道寄生虫），并且能自行化成水。治疗伤寒伏热（潜伏在体内的热邪）、狂乱谵妄、大腹水肿、黄疸。又名土龙。生于平原土壤，三月采集。阴干。
陶隐居说：白颈是蚯蚓中老者的特征，采集后剖开去除泥土，用盐腌制，日晒片刻，很快就能化成水，道教法术中多用此法。温病出现大热狂言时，饮用其汁液都能痊愈，这与使用黄龙汤治疗的疗效相同。其粪便称为“蚓蝼”（音同娄），因为食用细土而不含沙石，可用于调和丹泥及药釜。如果服用干燥的蚯蚓，应当熬制成粉末，驱除蛔虫非常有效。《唐本草》注解说：《名医别录》记载，用盐沾取蚯蚓化为汁液，可治疗耳聋。盐能使蛔虫消解，功效与蚯蚓相同。其粪便敷贴狂犬咬伤毒处，若伤口有犬毛伸出，效果神妙。臣禹锡等人考证蜀本注又说：能解射罔毒（一种植物毒药）。《药性论》说：蚯蚓也可以单用，有小毒。干燥者熬成末使用，主治蛇咬伤毒。又名地龙子。
日华子说：蚯蚓治疗中风并癫痫，驱除三虫，治疗传尸（肺结核等慢性消耗性传染病）、天行热疾（流行性热病）、喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞）、蛇虫咬伤。又名千人踏，即是被路人踩踏过的蚯蚓。入药需烧制使用。其粪便治疗蛇咬、狗咬及热疮，均用盐研磨后外敷。小儿阴囊突然虚热肿痛，用生甘草汁调匀，轻轻涂抹。
《图经本草》说：白颈蚯蚓生于平原土壤，现在各地平野沼泽低洼土地中都有。白颈是老者特征。三月采集，阴干，另一种说法是需要剖开去土后用盐腌制，晒干。方书称其为地龙。治疗脚风（下肢风湿痹痛）的药物，必须以此物为使药引导，但它也有毒性。曾有人因脚病在药中使用此物，果然获得奇效，病愈后继续服用，直到二十多天，感到烦躁昏乱，只想不停饮水，最终导致身体极度虚弱。凡是攻治病邪使用毒药，病愈后就应立即停止服用。其粪便称为蚓蝼，加盐外敷疮口，可去除热毒。
陈藏器记载：蚯蚓粪土治疗赤白久痢（长期腹泻伴有脓血便），选取无沙的，研成一升粉末，炒至烟尽，加水浸泡，取半大升，过滤去粗渣，空腹服用。雷公炮制方法：采收后，用糯米水浸泡一夜，次日滤出，用无灰酒浸泡一天，夜间滤出，焙干后细切。取蜀椒、糯米及切好的蚯蚓，三样一同熬煮，待糯米熟透，去掉水和花椒，拣净使用。凡修治二两蚯蚓，以一分米、一分椒为标准。
《圣惠方》治疗风赤眼（风热引起的红眼病）。用地龙十条，炙干研末，睡前用冷茶调服二钱匕。又一方治疗蚰蜒（多足虫）入耳。取地龙一条，纳入葱叶中，化水滴入耳中，蚰蜒也会化成水。又一方治疗一切丹毒流肿，用地龙粪便和水调敷。又一方治疗代指（指甲周围急性化脓性感染）。用蚯蚓捣烂如泥，敷于患处。又一方治疗小儿吐乳。用田中地龙粪一两，研末。空腹用粥饮调服半钱匕，不超过二三服见效。
《外台秘要》治疗火丹（丹毒）。取曲尘（酿酒发酵物）粪便，和水调泥敷之。《千金方》治疗齿龈宣露（牙龈萎缩暴露牙根）。蚯蚓屎用水和成泥，火烧至极红，研成粉末。腊月猪脂调和敷上，每日三次，永不复发。《千金翼方》治疗裂齿痛。取死曲尘粉末敷之，止痛。《斗门方》治疗小便不通。用蚯蚓捣烂，用冷水过滤，浓服半碗，立即通畅。兼治大热疾病不知人事、欲死者，服用立效。《胜金方》治疗耳聋立效。将干地龙放入盐中，储存在葱尾内，化成水点入耳中。《子母秘录》治疗小儿耳后月蚀疮（耳后湿疹或溃疡）。烧蚯蚓屎，合猪脂敷之。谭氏小儿科治疗蜘蛛咬伤，遍身疮子。取葱一枝，去掉尖头做成孔，将蚯蚓放入葱叶中，紧捏两头，勿泄气，频繁摇动，即化为水，点涂咬处，痊愈。孙真人记载小儿患溃耳，出脓水成疮污秽，方用蚯蚓粪碾末敷之，兼吹入耳中，立效。《百一方》治疗交接劳复（房事过度导致的疾病复发），阴卵肿胀或缩入腹中，腹部绞痛，或大小便闭塞。蚯蚓数条，绞取汁液服用，效果好。又一方治疗中蛊毒或吐血下血如烂肝状。取蚯蚓十四枚，用苦酒（醋）三升浸泡，蚯蚓死后，只服用其汁液。已死者皆可救活。
《衍义》说：白颈蚯蚓，自然死亡的为佳，但也应该候时而鸣叫。此物有毒。过去有病人腹部肿大，夜里听到蚯蚓在身上鸣叫，有人教用盐水浸泡而痊愈。崇宁末年，陇州士兵在暑月中光脚站在厅前台阶下，被蚯蚓所伤，最终不治。后来几天，又有人被其毒害，懂医识的人教导先喝一杯盐汤，再用盐汤浸足，于是痊愈。现在入药，应当去土后微炙。若治疗肾脏风下疰病，不可缺此药，仍须用盐汤送服。王荆公（王安石）所谓：“壤太牢俱有味，可能蚯蚓独清廉者也。”
White-necked Earthworm (Baijing Di Long)
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold, Great Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Primarily treats Shejia (abdominal masses caused by snake venom or parasites), expels the "Three Worms" (general term for various internal parasites), Fuschi (latent blood stasis or accumulations), Guizhu (chronic consumptive diseases attributed to ghostly or infectious pathogens), Gudú (poisoning or parasitic diseases), kills Changchong (intestinal worms such as Ascaris), and naturally transforms into water. Treats Shanghan Fure (latent heat pathogens in Typhoid-like conditions), Kuangmiao (manic delirium), Dafu (abdominal edema/distension), and Huangdan (jaundice). Also known as Tulong (Earth Dragon). Grows in flat soil; harvested in the third lunar month. Dried in shade.
Tao Hongjing states: The white neck indicates an older earthworm. After harvesting, slit it open, remove the soil, salt it, and expose it to the sun for a moment; it quickly turns into water. This is frequently used in Daoist alchemical practices. For Wenyi (warm diseases) presenting with high fever and manic speech, drinking its juice leads to recovery, which is similar to the therapeutic effect of using Huanglong Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction). Its feces are called Yinlou (sound: Lou); since it consumes fine soil without sand or stones, it is used in mixing cinnabar paste and medicinal cauldrons. If dry earthworms are ingested, they should be roasted into powder; this is very effective for expelling Ascaris lumbricoides. The Commentary on the Tang Materia Medica notes: The Classic of Famous Physicians records that dipping earthworms in salt to extract juice treats deafness. Salt dissolves Ascaris, with efficacy similar to earthworms. Its feces applied to rabies bite wounds are miraculous, especially if dog hair protrudes from the wound. Minister Yuxi et al., consulting the Shu edition commentary, add: It can detoxify Shewang poison (a plant toxin). The Book of Medicinal Properties states: Earthworms can also be used alone; they have slight toxicity. Roasted dried earthworms in powder form treat snakebite poisoning. Also known as Dilongzi (Son of the Earth Dragon).
Ri Huaizi states: Earthworms treat Zhongfeng (wind-stroke) and Xianji (epilepsy), expel the Three Worms, treat Chuanshi (consumptive diseases like tuberculosis), Tianxing Reji (epidemic febrile diseases), Houbi (throat obstruction/swelling), and snake/insect bites. Also known as Qianren Ta (Trampled by Thousands), referring to those crushed by pedestrians. For medicinal use, they must be burned. Its feces treat snakebites, dog bites, and hot sores; grind with salt and apply externally. For sudden deficiency-heat swelling and pain of the pediatric scrotum, mix with raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) juice and apply gently.
The Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica states: White-necked earthworms grow in flat soils and are found everywhere in plains, marshes, and lowlands. The white neck indicates age. Harvested in the third month, dried in shade; another method requires slitting, removing soil, salting, and sun-drying. Medical texts refer to them as Dilong (Earth Dragon). They are essential guiding agents in formulas treating Jiaofeng (wind-damp affecting the lower limbs), but they possess toxicity. There was a case where a patient used this in medicine for foot disease, achieving remarkable results. However, upon continued use after recovery for over twenty days, the patient experienced irritability and confusion, excessive thirst, and eventual prostration. When using toxic drugs to attack disease, administration should cease immediately upon cure. Its feces, Yinlou, mixed with salt and applied to sores, removes heat toxins.
Chen Cangqi records: Earthworm feces treat Chibai Jiuli (chronic dysentery with red and white discharge). Select particles without sand, grind one sheng into powder, stir-fry until smoke ceases, add water, steep, take half a dasheng, filter out coarse dregs, and consume on an empty stomach. Lei Gong's processing method: After collection, soak in glutinous rice water overnight. Drain the next day, soak in non-ash wine for one day. Drain at night, bake until dry, and finely slice. Take Sichuan peppercorns (Shujiao), glutinous rice, and sliced earthworms; simmer together until the rice is cooked. Remove water and peppercorns, pick clean, and use. For two liang of processed earthworms, use one part rice and one part peppercorn as standard.
The Holy惠民 Formulary (Shenghui Fang) treats Fengchiyan (wind-red eyes): Roast ten Dilong until dry, grind to powder, and take two qianbi with cold tea before sleep. Another formula treats Youyan (centipedes/millipedes entering the ear): Place one Dilong inside a scallion leaf, allow it to liquefy, and drip into the ear; the centipede will also liquefy. Another formula treats all types of Dandu Liuzhong (erysipelas and flowing swellings): Apply Dilong feces mixed with water. Another formula treats Daizhi (paronychia/acute infection of the nail bed): Pound earthworms into mud and apply. Another formula treats pediatric vomiting of milk: Take one liang of field earthworm feces, grind to powder, and take half a qianbi mixed with gruel drink on an empty stomach; effective within two or three doses.
The Essential Prescriptions of the Imperial Library (Waitai Miyao) treats Huodan (erysipelas): Use Qu chen (yeast residue) feces mixed with water as a poultice. The Essential Golden Cabinet (Qianjin Fang) treats Chiya Xuanlu (gum recession exposing tooth roots): Mix earthworm feces with water to form mud, fire-burn until extremely red, grind to powder, and apply with lard rendered in the twelfth lunar month, three times daily, for permanent cure. The Wing of the Golden Cabinet (Qianjin Yifang) treats cracked teeth pain: Apply powder from dead yeast residue to stop pain. The Doumen Formula treats Xiao Bian Bu Tong (urinary retention): Pound earthworms, filter through cold water, and drink half a bowl thick liquid; urination opens immediately. It also treats severe febrile diseases causing unconsciousness and near-death states, with immediate effect. The Shengjin Formula treats deafness with immediate effect: Place dried Dilong with salt inside the tail end of a scallion, let it turn to water, and drip into the ear. The Mother-Child Secret Record treats Erhou Yueshi Chuang (moon-eating sore behind the ear in children): Burn earthworm feces and mix with lard for application. Tan's Pediatric Practice treats spider bites with widespread sores: Take one scallion stalk, remove the tip to make a hole, insert an earthworm, pinch both ends tightly to prevent gas escape, shake frequently until it liquefies, and apply to the bite site for cure. Sun Simiao records for pediatric ulcerated ears discharging pus: Grind earthworm feces into powder, apply externally, and insufflate into the ear for immediate effect. The Baiyi Formula treats Jiaojie Laofu (relapse due to sexual exhaustion): Swollen or retracted testicles, abdominal colic, or urinary/fecal obstruction. Juice extracted from several earthworms taken orally is beneficial. Another formula treats Gudú poisoning or hematemesis/hematochezia resembling rotten liver: Soak fourteen earthworms in three sheng of Kujǐu (vinegar); once the worms die, consume only the juice. Even the dead can be revived.
Yanyi states: Naturally deceased white-necked earthworms are superior, though they should be heard calling according to the season. This creature is toxic. In the past, a patient with abdominal distension heard earthworms calling on his body at night; he was instructed to soak in salt water and recovered. At the end of the Chongning era, soldiers in Longzhou stood barefoot on the hall steps during summer heat and were bitten by earthworms, leading to fatal outcomes. Days later, another person suffered similarly; knowledgeable individuals advised drinking a cup of salt water first, then soaking feet in salt water, resulting in recovery. For current medicinal use, soil must be removed and lightly roasted. It is indispensable for treating Shenzang Feng Xia Zhu Bing (kidney wind and downward-infectious diseases) and must be taken with salt water. Wang Jinggong (Wang Anshi) wrote: "Soil and grand sacrifices both have flavor; can the earthworm alone be considered incorruptible?"