\r （音噎） （乌红切）\pd455.bmp\r
味辛，平，无毒。主久聋，咳逆，毒瓦斯出刺，出汗，疗鼻窒（陟栗切）
。其土房主痈肿，风头。一名土蜂。生熊耳川谷及 ，或人屋间。
陶隐居云∶此类甚多，虽名土蜂，不就土中为窟，谓 （力展切）土作房尔。今一种黑
色，腰
甚细，衔泥于人室及器物边作房，如并竹管者是也。其生子如粟米大居中，乃捕取草上青蜘
蛛十余枚满中，仍塞口，以拟其子大为粮也。其一种入芦竹管中者，亦取草上青虫，一名蜾
蠃。诗人云∶螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之。言细腰物无雌，皆取青虫，教祝（音咒）便变成己子，
斯
为谬矣。造诗者乃可不详，未审夫子何为因其僻邪。圣人有阙，多皆类此。唐本注云∶土蜂
，土中为窠，大如乌蜂，不伤人，非 ， 不入土中为窠。虽一名土蜂，非 也。今
按∶李含光《音义》云∶咒变成子，近亦数有见者，非虚言也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注云∶
按∶《尔雅》果蠃，蒲卢。注云∶即细腰蜂也，俗呼为 。《诗》云∶螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之。
注
曰∶螟蛉，桑虫也。蜾蠃，蒲卢也。言蒲卢负持桑虫，以成其子，乃知 即蒲卢也。蒲卢
即细腰蜂也。据此，不独负持桑虫，以他虫入穴， 泥封之，数日则成蜂飞去。陶云是先生
子如粟在穴，然捕它虫以为之食。今人有候其封穴了，坏而看之，果见有卵如粟在死虫之上
，则如陶说矣。而诗人以为喻者，盖如其大而不知其细也。陶又说此蜂黑色，腰甚细，能
泥在屋壁间作房，如并竹管者是也。亦有入竹管中、器物间作穴者，但以泥封其穴口而已。
《图经》云∶ 泥作窠，或双或只，得处便作，不拘土石竹木间，今所在皆有之。日华子云
∶ ，有毒。治呕逆，生研，竹木刺。入药炒用。
图经曰 ，生熊耳川谷及 ，或人家屋间，今处处有之。黑色而腰细，虽一名土蜂，
而不在土中作穴，但 土于人家壁间或器物旁作房，如比竹管者是。谨按郭璞注《尔雅》果
蠃，蒲卢。云∶即细腰蜂也。俗呼为 。又《诗·小雅》云∶螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之。注∶
螟
蛉，桑虫也。蜾蠃，蒲卢也。言蒲卢取桑虫之子，负持而去，妪养之，以成其子。又杨雄《
法言》云∶螟蛉之子殪，而逢果蠃祝之曰∶类我类我。注云∶蜾蠃遇螟蛉而受化，久乃变成
蜂尔。据诸经传，皆言此蜂取他虫而化为己子。陶隐居乃谓生子如粟米大，在其房中，乃捕
取草
又段
成式云∶书斋中多 ，好作窠于书卷，或在笔管中，祝声可听，有时开卷视之，悉是小蜘
蛛，大如蝇虎，旋以泥隔之，乃知不独负桑虫也。数说不同，人或疑之。然物类变化，固不
可度。蚱蝉生于转丸，衣鱼生于瓜子，龟生于蛇，蛤生于雀，白 之相视，负螽之相应，其
类非一。若桑虫、蜘蛛之变为蜂，不为异矣。如陶所说卵如粟者，未必非祝虫而成之也。宋
齐丘所谓 之虫，孕螟蛉之子，传其情，交其精，混其气，和其神，随物大小，俱得其真
，蠢动无定情，万物无定形，斯言得之矣。
陈藏器云∶土蜂， 注苏云∶土蜂，土中为窠，大如乌蜂。按土蜂赤黑色，烧末油和
敷蜘
蛛咬疮，此物能食蜘蛛，亦取其相伏也。圣惠方∶治小儿霍乱吐泻方∶用 窠，微炙
为末，以乳汁调下一字，止。
衍义曰 ，诸家所论备矣，然终不敢舍诗之意。尝析窠而视之，果有子，如半粟米大，
其
应是诸虫皆可也。陶隐居所说近之矣。人取此房，研细，醋调，涂蜂虿。
（音噎）（乌红切）
味辛，性平，无毒。主治长期耳聋、咳嗽气逆、毒瓦斯引起的刺伤、出汗，治疗鼻窒（鼻塞）。其土房主治痈肿、头风。又名土蜂。生于熊耳川谷及某地，或人家屋间。
陶隐居说：这类蜂很多，虽然名叫土蜂，但不就在土中筑巢，而是用泥在土中作房。现在有一种黑色，腰部很细，衔泥在人室及器物边作房，像并排的竹管那样的是。它生子如粟米大居中，于是捕取草上青蜘蛛十余枚填满其中，仍塞住口，用来作为幼子长大的粮食。另一种进入芦竹管中的，也取草上的青虫，一名蜾蠃。诗人说：螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之。意思是细腰物没有雌性，都取青虫，教祝（音咒）便变成自己的子，这是错误的。造诗者乃可不详，未审夫子为何因其僻邪。圣人有缺，多皆类似这样。唐本注说：土蜂，在土中为窠，大如乌蜂，不伤人，不是（某种蜂），（某种蜂）不入土中为窠。虽然一名土蜂，但不是（某种蜂）。现在按：李含光《音义》说：咒变成子，近来也有数见者，不是虚言。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注说：按：《尔雅》果蠃，蒲卢。注说：即细腰蜂也，俗呼为（某种蜂）。《诗》说：螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之。注说：螟蛉，桑虫也。蜾蠃，蒲卢也。说蒲卢负持桑虫，以成其子，才知道（某种蜂）即蒲卢也。蒲卢即细腰蜂也。据此，不独负持桑虫，以他虫入穴，（某种蜂）泥封之，数日则成蜂飞去。陶说先生子如粟在穴，然捕它虫以为之食。今人有候其封穴了，坏而看之，果见有卵如粟在死虫之上，则如陶说矣。而诗人以为喻者，盖如其大而不知其细也。陶又说此蜂黑色，腰甚细，能泥在屋壁间作房，如并竹管者是。亦有入竹管中、器物间作穴者，但以泥封其穴口而已。《图经》说：（某种蜂）泥作窠，或双或只，得处便作，不拘土石竹木间，今所在皆有之。日华子说：（某种蜂），有毒。治呕逆，生研，竹木刺。入药炒用。
图经说（某种蜂），生熊耳川谷及某地，或人家屋间，今处处有之。黑色而腰细，虽一名土蜂，而不在土中作穴，但（某种蜂）土于人家壁间或器物旁作房，如比竹管者是。谨按郭璞注《尔雅》果蠃，蒲卢。说：即细腰蜂也。俗呼为（某种蜂）。又《诗·小雅》说：螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之。注：螟蛉，桑虫也。蜾蠃，蒲卢也。说蒲卢取桑虫之子，负持而去，妪养之，以成其子。又杨雄《法言》说：螟蛉之子殪，而逢果蠃祝之曰：类我类我。注说：蜾蠃遇螟蛉而受化，久乃变成蜂尔。据诸经传，皆言此蜂取他虫而化为己子。陶隐居乃谓生子如粟米大，在其房中，乃捕取草上青蜘蛛十余枚满中，仍塞口，以拟其子大为粮也。又段成式说：书斋中多（某种蜂），好作窠于书卷，或在笔管中，祝声可听，有时开卷视之，悉是小蜘蛛，大如蝇虎，旋以泥隔之，乃知不独负桑虫也。数说不同，人或疑之。然物类变化，固不可度。蚱蝉生于转丸，衣鱼生于瓜子，龟生于蛇，蛤生于雀，白 之相视，负螽之相应，其类非一。若桑虫、蜘蛛之变为蜂，不为异矣。如陶所说卵如粟者，未必非祝虫而成之也。宋齐丘所谓（某种蜂）之虫，孕螟蛉之子，传其情，交其精，混其气，和其神，随物大小，俱得其真，蠢动无定情，万物无定形，斯言得之矣。
陈藏器说：土蜂，（某种蜂）注苏云：土蜂，土中为窠，大如乌蜂。按土蜂赤黑色，烧末油和敷蜘蛛咬疮，此物能食蜘蛛，亦取其相伏也。圣惠方：治小儿霍乱吐泻方：用（某种蜂）窠，微炙为末，以乳汁调下一字，止。
衍义说（某种蜂），诸家所论备矣，然终不敢舍诗之意。尝析窠而视之，果有子，如半粟米大，其应是诸虫皆可也。陶隐居所说近之矣。人取此房，研细，醋调，涂蜂虿。
(Yin Ye) (Wu Hong Qie)
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats chronic deafness, cough with rebellious qi, injuries caused by toxic vapors and splinters, sweating, and bi-nasal obstruction (Nose Bi). Its earthen nest treats carbuncles and swellings, and wind-headache. Also known as Earth Wasp. Grows in the valleys of Xiong'er River and [missing character], or in human dwellings.
Tao Hongjing stated: There are many such wasps; although named Earth Wasp, they do not burrow into the earth to make nests, but rather construct nests using mud on the soil surface. Currently, there is a type that is black with a very slender waist, carrying mud to build nests near human rooms and objects, resembling bundled bamboo tubes. They lay eggs like millet grains in the center, then capture over ten green spiders from grass to fill the nest, sealing the opening, intending them as food for their offspring when grown. Another type enters reed bamboo tubes, also capturing green insects from grass, known as Guoluo (Potter Wasp). The poet said: "Mingling has offspring, Guoluo carries them." This implies that slender-waisted creatures lack females and capture green insects, chanting incantations to transform them into their own young, which is erroneous. The poets were perhaps not detailed enough, and it is unclear why Confucius followed such heterodox views. The Sages had omissions, mostly similar to this. Tang Ben Zhu states: Earth Wasps make nests in the earth, large as Black Wasps, non-stinging, not [missing character]; [missing character] does not make nests in the earth. Although named Earth Wasp, it is not [missing character]. Now according to Li Hanguang's "Yin Yi": Incantations transforming offspring have been seen recently, so it is not false talk.臣 Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to Shu Ben Zhu: According to "Erya", Guoluo is Pulu. The annotation states: It is the slender-waisted wasp, commonly called [missing character]. "Shi Jing" says: "Mingling has offspring, Guoluo carries them." The annotation states: Mingling is the mulberry worm. Guoluo is Pulu. It means Pulu carries the mulberry worm to raise its offspring, thus knowing [missing character] is Pulu. Pulu is the slender-waisted wasp. Based on this, it not only carries mulberry worms, but takes other insects into holes, seals them with mud, and after several days, the wasps emerge and fly away. Tao stated that eggs like millet are born first in the hole, yet captures other insects as food. Nowadays, people wait until the hole is sealed, break it open to look, and indeed find eggs like millet on dead insects, consistent with Tao's description. The poets used it as a metaphor, likely because they knew the general phenomenon but not the details. Tao further stated this wasp is black with a very slender waist, capable of using mud to build nests between house walls, resembling bundled bamboo tubes. Some also make holes in bamboo tubes or among objects, merely sealing the hole mouth with mud. "Tu Jing" states: [Missing character] uses mud to make nests, either in pairs or alone, building wherever suitable, not restricted to earth, stone, bamboo, or wood; now found everywhere. Rihua Zi states: [Missing character] is toxic. Treats vomiting and rebellious qi; grind raw for bamboo/wood splinters. Use stir-fried in medicine.
Tu Jing states [Missing character] grows in the valleys of Xiong'er River and [missing character], or in human houses, now found everywhere. Black with a slender waist; although named Earth Wasp, it does not make holes in the earth, but [missing character] mud to build nests between house walls or beside objects, resembling bundled bamboo tubes. Respectfully following Guo Pu's annotation of "Erya" Guoluo, Pulu: It is the slender-waisted wasp, commonly called [missing character]. Also "Shi Jing · Xiao Ya" says: "Mingling has offspring, Guoluo carries them." Annotation: Mingling is the mulberry worm. Guoluo is Pulu. It means Pulu takes the offspring of the mulberry worm, carries it away, incubates and raises it to become its offspring. Also Yang Xiong's "Fa Yan" says: "The son of Mingling dies, and upon meeting Guoluo, it chants: 'Like me, like me.'" Annotation: When Guoluo encounters Mingling and receives transformation, after a long time it becomes a wasp. According to various classics and transmissions, all state this wasp takes other insects and transforms them into its own offspring. Tao Hongjing claimed eggs like millet are born in its nest, then captures over ten green spiders from grass to fill it, sealing the opening, intending them as food for offspring growth. Duan Chengshi also stated: Bookstudies often have [Missing character], which like to make nests in books or in pen tubes; chanting sounds can be heard. Sometimes opening the book to view, all are small spiders, large as fly-tigers, immediately separated by mud, thus knowing it not only carries mulberry worms. Several explanations differ, causing doubt. However, changes in species are indeed immeasurable. Grasshoppers and cicadas are born from rolling balls, silverfish from melon seeds, turtles from snakes, clams from sparrows, white [missing character] looking at each other, katydids responding to each other; their categories are not uniform. If mulberry worms and spiders transform into wasps, it would not be strange. As for Tao's description of eggs like millet, it may well be formed through chanting/incantation on insects. Song Qiqiu said regarding [Missing character]: This insect conceives the offspring of Mingling, transmits its emotion, exchanges its essence, mixes its qi, harmonizes its spirit, acquiring truth according to the size of the object. Moving creatures have no fixed emotion, all things have no fixed form; this statement is accurate.
Chen Cangqi stated: Earth Wasp, [Missing character] annotated Su Yun: Earth Wasp makes nests in the earth, large as Black Wasps. According to Earth Wasps being reddish-black, burning to powder and mixing with oil to apply to spider bites; this creature eats spiders, also utilizing mutual suppression. Shenghui Fang: Formula for treating infantile cholera with vomiting and diarrhea: Use [Missing character] nest, slightly roasted to powder, mixed with milk juice, taken as one character dose, stops symptoms.
Yanyi states [Missing character], discussions by various families are complete, yet ultimately dare not abandon the meaning of the poem. Once analyzed the nest and viewed it, indeed there were offspring, half the size of millet grains; these should correspond to various insects. Tao Hongjing's statement is close. People take this nest, grind finely, mix with vinegar, and apply to bee/wasp stings.