\r黄药根\pd361.bmp\r
味苦，平，无毒。主诸恶肿疮 ，喉痹，蛇犬咬毒。取根研服之，亦含亦涂。藤生
，高三、四尺，根及茎似小桑，生岭南。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶黄药，凉。治马一切疾。
图经曰∶黄药根，生岭南，今夔、峡州郡及明、越、秦、陇州山中亦有之，以忠、万州
者为胜。藤生，高三、四尺，
根及茎似小桑，十月采根。秦州出者谓之红药子，叶似荞麦，枝梗赤色，七月开白花，其根
初采湿时红赤色，曝干即黄。
开州兴元府又产一种苦药子，大抵与黄药相类。主五脏邪气，治肺压热，除烦躁，亦入马药
用。春采根曝干。又下有药
实根条云∶生蜀郡山谷。苏恭云∶即药子也。用其核仁。《本经》误载根字，疑即黄药之实，
然云生叶似杏，花红白色，
子肉味酸，此为不同。今亦稀用，故附于此。孙思邈《千金月令》疗忽生瘿疾一、二年者。
以万州黄药子半斤，须紧重
者为上。如轻虚，即是他州者，力慢，须用一倍。取无灰酒一斗，投药其中，固济瓶口。以
糠火烧一复时，停腾，待酒
冷即开。患者时时饮一盏，不令绝酒气。经三、五日后，常须把镜自照，觉消即停饮，不尔
便令人项细也。刘禹锡《传
信方》亦着其效，云得之邕州从事张 。 目击有效，复己试，其验如神。其方
小异处，惟烧酒候香气出外，
瓶头有津出即止，不待一宿，火仍不得太猛，酒有灰。
经验方∶治咯血。黄药、汉防己各一两，为末。每服一钱匕，水一盏，小麦二十粒同煎，
食后
气。用黄药子一斤浸洗净，酒一斗浸之。每日早晚常服一盏。忌一切毒物及不得喜怒。但以
线子逐日度瘿，知其效。简
要济众治鼻衄不止。黄药子为末。每服二钱匕，煎薄胶汤下。良久，以新汲水调面末一匙头
服之，又方∶敷疮药。
子四两为末，以冷水调敷疮上，干即旋敷之。兵部手集治鼻衄出血，
王郎中得方∶以新汲水摩黄
药子一碗，勿令绝稀，顿服立瘥。
衍义曰∶黄药，亦治马心肺热，有功。
味苦，性平，无毒。主治各种恶性的肿疮、喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞）、蛇咬及犬咬中毒。取根部研磨后服用，也可以含漱或外涂。该植物为藤本，高三四尺，根和茎类似小桑树，生长在岭南地区。（后世补充）
《图经本草》记载：黄药根，生长在岭南地区，如今夔州、峡州郡以及明州、越州、秦州、陇州的山中也都有生长，其中以忠州、万州出产的质量最好。它是藤本植物，高三四尺，根和茎像小桑树，十月采收根部。秦州出产的称为红药子，叶子像荞麦叶，枝梗呈赤色，七月开白花，其根刚采挖湿润时呈红赤色，晒干后就变黄了。
开州兴元府又出产一种苦药子，大体上与黄药相似。主治五脏邪气，治疗肺热压迫，消除烦躁，也用于马药中。春季采收根部晒干。下文还有关于药实根的条目说：生长在蜀郡山谷。苏恭说：就是药子。使用它的核仁。《神农本草经》误载了“根”字，怀疑是黄药的果实，但书中描述其叶片像杏叶，花红白色，果肉味酸，这与黄药不同。现在也很少使用，所以附记在这里。孙思邈《千金月令》治疗突然生出的瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大），病程一两年者。用万州产的黄药子半斤，以质地紧密沉重者为上品。如果轻虚，则是其他州出产的，药效缓慢，需要加倍用量。取无灰酒一斗，将药投入其中，密封瓶口。用糠火煨烧一顿饭的时间，停火冷却，待酒冷后打开。患者经常饮用一盏，不要让酒气断绝。经过三到五日后，经常拿着镜子自照，感觉肿块消退就停止饮用，否则就会使人颈部变细。刘禹锡《传信方》也记载了其疗效，说是从邕州从事张处获得。亲眼目睹有效，自己也尝试过，验证如神。其方剂细微不同之处在于：烧酒时等到香气透出瓶外，瓶口有液珠渗出就停止，不必等到一整夜，火势仍不能太猛，且酒不能有灰渣。
经验方：治疗咯血。黄药、汉防己各一两，研为末。每次服用一钱匕，用水一盏，加小麦二十粒同煎，饭后服用。用黄药子一斤浸泡洗净，用一斗酒浸泡。每天早晚常服一盏。忌食一切毒物及避免喜怒情绪。只用线绳每日测量瘿瘤大小，以知晓疗效。《简要济众书》治疗鼻衄不止。黄药子研为末。每次服用二钱匕，用煎好的薄胶汤送下。过了很久，再用新汲水调面粉末一匙头服用。另一方法：敷疮药。黄药子四两研为末，用冷水调匀敷在疮上，干了就随时再敷。《兵部手集》治疗鼻衄出血，王郎中得一方：用新汲水磨黄药子一碗，不要磨得太稀，一次性服用立即痊愈。
Huangyao Gen (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae)
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats various malignant swellings and sores, Hou Bi (sore throat with swelling and obstruction), and poisoning from snake and dog bites. Take the root, grind it, and ingest; it can also be held in the mouth or applied externally. It is a vine, three to four chi tall, with roots and stems resembling those of small mulberry trees, growing in the Lingnan region. (Later addition)
Min Yuxi et al. note according to Ri Hua Zi: Huang Yao is cool in nature. It treats all diseases of horses.
Tu Jing Ben Cao records: Huangyao Gen grows in the Lingnan region. Currently, it is also found in the mountains of Kuizhou, Xiazhou Commandery, Mingzhou, Yuezhou, Qinzhou, and Longzhou Prefecture, with those from Zhongzhou and Wanzhou being superior. It is a vine, three to four chi tall, with roots and stems similar to small mulberry trees. The roots are harvested in October. Those from Qinzhou are called Hong Yao Zi (Red Yao Zi). The leaves resemble buckwheat leaves, the branches and stems are reddish, and white flowers bloom in July. When freshly harvested and wet, the roots are red; they turn yellow when dried in the sun.
Kaizhou Xingyuan Fu also produces a type called Ku Yao Zi (Bitter Yao Zi), which is generally similar to Huang Yao. It treats evil qi in the five zang organs, relieves lung heat compression, eliminates irritability, and is also used in veterinary medicine for horses. Roots are harvested in spring and dried. The following section on Yaoshi Gen states: Grows in the valleys of Shujun. Su Gong says: It is the Yao Zi. Use its kernel. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* erroneously recorded "root"; it is suspected to be the fruit of Huang Yao. However, it describes leaves like apricot leaves, red-and-white flowers, and sour-tasting flesh, which differs from Huang Yao. It is rarely used now, so it is appended here. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Yueling* treats sudden onset goiter lasting one or two years. Use half a jin of Huang Yao Zi from Wanzhou, selecting those that are dense and heavy as the best quality. If light and hollow, they are from other provinces, have weaker efficacy, and require double the dosage. Take one dou of wine without ash residue, put the herb into it, seal the bottle mouth tightly. Roast over chaff fire for the duration of one meal, then stop heating and let it cool. Open when the wine is cold. The patient should drink one cup occasionally, ensuring the aroma of wine is not completely lost. After three to five days, frequently look in a mirror; stop drinking when the swelling subsides, otherwise, it may cause the neck to become too thin. Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang* also records its efficacy, stating it was obtained from Zhang, an official in Yongzhou. Witnessed effectiveness personally, and self-tested, with miraculous results. The slight difference in the formula lies in the heating process: stop when the fragrance escapes the bottle and droplets appear at the neck, without waiting for a whole night. The fire must not be too strong, and the wine must be free of ash.
Empirical Formula: Treats hemoptysis. Huang Yao and Han Fangji each 1 liang, ground into powder. Take 1 qianbi per dose, decoct with one cup of water and 20 wheat grains, take after meals. Soak 1 jin of washed Huang Yao Zi in one dou of wine. Take one cup daily morning and evening. Avoid all toxic substances and emotional extremes of anger and joy. Measure the goiter daily with a thread to monitor efficacy. *Jianyao Jizhong* treats persistent epistaxis. Grind Huang Yao Zi into powder. Take 2 qianbi per dose, swallow with decocted thin gelatin soup. After some time, take one spoonful of flour paste mixed with fresh well water. Another method: Poultice for sores. Grind 4 liang of Huang Yao Zi into powder, mix with cold water, apply to the sore, and reapply as it dries. *Bingbu Shouji* treats epistaxis. Wang Langzhong obtained a formula: Grind Huang Yao Zi in fresh well water to make one bowl, do not make it too thin, take once in a single dose for immediate recovery.
Yanyi states: Huang Yao also treats heart and lung heat in horses and has merit.