历节风之状,短气,白汗出,历节疼痛不可忍,屈伸不得是也。由饮酒腠理开,汗出当
风所致也。亦有血气虚,受风邪而得之者。风历关节,与血气相搏交攻,故疼痛。血
气虚,则汗也。风冷搏于筋,则不可屈伸,为历节风也。
风身体疼痛者,风湿搏于阳气故也。阳气虚者,腠理易开,而为风湿所折,使阳气不得
发泄,而与风湿相搏于分肉之间,相击,故疼痛也。
诊其脉,浮而紧者,则身体疼痛。
风入腹拘急切痛者,是体虚受风冷,风冷客于三焦,经于脏腑,寒热交争,故心腹拘急
切痛。
五脏处于内,而气行于外。脏气实者,邪不能伤;虚则外气不足,风邪乘之。然五脏,
心为神,肝为魂,肺为魄,脾为意,肾为志。若风气经之,是邪干于正,故令恍惚。
刺风者,由体虚肤腠开,为风所侵也。其状,风邪走遍于身,而皮肤淫跃。邪气与正气
交争,风邪击搏,如锥刀所刺,故名刺风也。
《养生方》云∶触寒来者,寒未解,食热物,亦成刺风。
蛊风者,由体虚受风,其风在于皮肤,淫淫跃跃,若画若刺,一身尽痛,侵伤气血。其
动作状如蛊毒,故名蛊风也。
风冷者,由脏腑虚,血气不足,受风冷之气。血气得温则宜流,冷则凝涩,然风之伤人
,有冷有热。若挟冷者,冷折于气血,使人面青心闷,呕逆吐沫,四肢痛冷,故谓之风冷。
其汤熨针石,别有正方,补养宣导,今附于后。
《养生方·导引法》云∶一足踏地,足不动,一足向侧,如丁字样,转身倚势,并
手尽急回,左右迭互二七。去脊风冷、偏枯不通润。
又云∶蹲坐,身正头平,叉手安颏下,头不动,两肘向上振摇,上下来去七七。亦持手
三七,放纵身心。去乳房风冷肿闷、鱼寸不调、日日损。
又云∶坐,两足长舒,自纵身,纳气向下,使心内柔和适散,然始屈一足,安膝下,长
舒一足,仰足趾向上使急,仰眠,头不至席,两手急努前,头向上努挽,一时各各取势,
来去二七,迭互亦然。去脚疼,腰膊冷、血冷、风痹、日日渐损。
又云∶长舒足,肚腹着席,安徐看气向下,知有去处,然始着两手掌拓席,努使臂直,
散脊背气向下,渐渐尽势,来去二七。除脏腑内宿冷,脉急,腰膊风冷。
又云∶欲以闭气出汗,拳手屈膝侧卧,闭气自极,欲息气定,复闭气,如此汗出乃止。
复转卧,以下居上,复闭气如前,汗大出乃止。此主治身中有风寒。欲治股胫手臂痛法∶屈
一胫一臂,伸所病者,正偃卧,以鼻引气,令腹满,以意推之,想气行至上,温热,即愈。
又云∶肚腹着席,长舒一足向后,急努足指,一手舒向前尽势,将一手向背上挽足倒极
势,头仰蹙背,使急。先用手足斜长舒者,两向自相挽急,始屈手足共头,一时取势。常记
动手足,先后交番,上下来去二七,左右亦然。去背项腰膝膊井风冷疼闷、脊里倔强。
又云∶正坐,两手向后捉腕,反向拓席,尽势,使腹弦弦上下,七,左右换手亦然。损
腹肚冷风宿气积,胃口冷,食饮进退,吐逆不下。
又云∶凡学将息人,先须正坐,并膝头、足;初坐,先足趾相对,足跟外扒。坐上,欲
安稳,须两足跟向内相对,足指外扒,坐上。觉闷痛,渐渐举身似款便,坐上。待共两坐相
似不痛,始双竖足跟向上,坐上,足趾并反向外。每坐常学。去膀胱内冷,膝冷,两足冷疼
,上气、腰痛,尽自消适。
又云∶长舒一足,一脚屈,两手挽膝三里,努膝向前,身却挽,一时取势,气内散消,
如似骨解。迭互换足,各别三七,渐渐去膊脊冷风冷血,筋急。
又云∶两手向后,倒挽两足,极势。头仰,足指向外努之,缓急来去七,始手向前直舒
,足自摇,膝不动,手足各二七。去脊腰闷风冷。
又云∶身平正,舒两手向后,极势,屈肘向后空捺,四七。转腰,垂手向下,手掌四面
转之。去臂内筋急。
又云∶两手长舒,合掌向下,手高举与膊齐,极势,使膊闷痛,然始上下摇之
二七。手下至髀还,上下缓急。轻手前后散振,双手前拓,努手合掌向下,七。去膊内
风冷疼,日消散。
又云∶两手掌倒拓两膊井前,极势,上下傍两掖,急努振摇,来去三七,竟。手不
移处,努向两肘向上急热,上下振摇二七,欲得拳两手七,因相将三七。去项膊筋脉
急劳。一手屈拳向后左,一手捉肘头,向内挽之,上下一时尽势。屈手散放,舒指三,方转
手,皆极势四七。调肘膊骨筋急强。两手拓,向上极势,上下来去三七。手不动,将两
肘向上,极势七。不动手肘臂,侧身极势,左右回三七。去颈骨冷气风急。前一十二件有此
法,能使气人行之,须在疾中可量。
历节风的症状表现为:气短,出汗呈白色(白汗),关节疼痛剧烈难以忍受,肢体屈伸困难。这是由于饮酒后腠理(皮肤毛孔)张开,汗出时受风邪侵袭所致。也有因气血虚弱,感受风邪而患此病的。风邪遍历关节,与气血相互搏结攻冲,因此产生疼痛。气血虚弱则导致出汗。风冷之邪搏结于筋脉,致使肢体不能屈伸,这就是历节风。
身体疼痛的风病,是因为风湿之邪搏结于阳气所致。阳气虚弱的人,腠理容易开张,被风湿之邪所困遏,使阳气不能正常宣发透达,而与风湿之邪在分肉(肌肉间隙)之间相搏结、相击撞,所以产生疼痛。
诊察其脉象,若脉浮而紧,则会出现身体疼痛。
风邪侵入腹部引起拘急且切痛的症状,这是因为体质虚弱感受了风冷之邪,风冷之邪客居于三焦,流经脏腑,寒热之气相互交争,从而导致心腹部拘急且剧烈疼痛。
五脏位于体内,而卫气运行于体表。脏气充实者,外邪不能伤害;若脏气虚弱,则体表正气不足,风邪便会乘虚而入。其中,心藏神,肝藏魂,肺藏魄,脾藏意,肾藏志。如果风邪侵袭这些脏器,就是邪气干扰正气,因此会导致精神恍惚不定。
刺风这种病症,是由于体质虚弱、肤腠开张,被风邪侵扰所致。其症状表现为风邪遍布全身,皮肤出现游走性的瘙痒或蚁行感。邪气与正气相互交争,风邪击搏肌肤,感觉像被锥刀刺扎一样,因此称为“刺风”。
《养生方》中说:受寒而来的人,寒气尚未解除,就食用热性食物,也会形成刺风。
蛊风这种病症,是由于体质虚弱感受风邪,风邪停留在皮肤之间,表现为皮肤游走性不适,若有似无,如针刺般感觉,全身都疼痛,进而损伤气血。其动作姿态如同中蛊毒一般,因此称为“蛊风”。
风冷这种病症,是由于脏腑虚弱,气血不足,感受了风冷之气。气血得到温热则流通顺畅,遇到寒冷则凝滞涩阻。然而风邪伤人,有冷有热两种情况。如果是挟带冷邪的,冷邪折损气血,使人面色青紫、心胸闷塞、呕吐逆气、吐沫,四肢疼痛且发凉,因此称为“风冷”。治疗风冷的汤药熨贴、针灸砭石等方法,另有专门的方剂,补养和导引的方法,现在附在后面。
《养生方·导引法》中说:一足踏地不动,另一足向侧面伸出,呈“丁”字形,转身借助势头,双手迅速回拉,左右交替进行十四次(二七)。可去除脊背的风冷、偏枯及不通润的症状。
又说:蹲坐,身体端正头部平正,双手交叉置于下巴下方,头部不动,双肘向上振摇,上下往返四十九次(七七)。也可以双手交叉做二十一次(三七),放松身心。可去除乳房的风冷肿痛、月经不调(鱼寸不调)、日渐损耗等症。
又说:坐姿,双脚长长伸直,舒展身体,将气下沉,使内心柔和舒适散开,然后弯曲一只脚,膝盖置于其下,另一只脚长长伸直,脚尖上仰用力,仰卧时头不接触床席,双手用力向前推,头部向上用力牵引,同时各取势态,往返十四次(二七),左右交替亦然。可去除脚疼、腰背冷、血冷、风痹以及日渐损耗的症状。
又说:长长伸直双腿,肚腹贴着床席,从容地观察气息向下,知道气息到达之处,然后双手手掌按在席面上,用力使手臂伸直,将脊背的气向下疏散,渐渐用尽势态,往返十四次(二七)。可去除脏腑内的宿冷、脉象紧急、腰背风冷等症状。
又说:想要通过闭气来出汗,握拳屈膝侧卧,尽力闭气,待想呼吸时气息平稳,再重新闭气,如此直到出汗才停止。然后翻转身体,以下居上,再次像前面那样闭气,直到大汗出才停止。这主要治疗身体中的风寒。想要治疗大腿、小腿、手臂疼痛的方法:弯曲一条腿和一只手臂,伸直患病部位,正仰卧,用鼻子吸气使腹部充满气,用意念推动它,想象气运行到上方,感到温热,病就好了。
又说:肚腹贴着床席,长长伸直一只脚向后,脚趾用力,一只手舒展开向前用尽势态,另一只手向背上拉扯脚至极限姿势,头仰起背部收紧使其紧张。先用手脚斜着长长伸展,两手互相拉扯紧张,然后弯曲手脚配合头部,同时取势。常记动手脚,先后交替,上下往返十四次(二七),左右亦然。可去除颈背腰膝膊部的风冷疼痛闷胀、脊柱僵硬等症状。
又说:正坐,双手向后抓住手腕,反向按压床席,用尽势态,使腹部紧绷上下起伏七次,左右换手亦然。可消除腹肚内的冷风宿气积聚、胃口冷、饮食难进、呕吐逆气不下等症状。
又说:凡是学习调养的人,必须先正坐,并拢膝盖和脚;刚坐下时,先让脚趾相对,脚跟向外扒开。坐稳后,欲求安稳,须两脚跟向内相对,脚趾向外扒开坐着。觉得闷痛时,渐渐举身似放松状态,继续坐着。等到两脚姿势相似且不痛时,才开始双竖脚跟向上坐着,脚趾并拢反向外。每次坐下都要练习。可去除膀胱内冷、膝盖冷、双脚冷痛、上气、腰痛等症,都能自行消除舒适。
又说:长长伸直一只脚,另一只脚弯曲,双手挽住膝盖三里处,膝盖向前努力,身体向后拉,同时取势,气在体内消散,好像骨骼解散一样。交替换脚,各自做二十一次(三七),渐渐去除肩背脊柱的风冷血瘀、筋脉拘急。
又说:双手向后,倒拉双脚至极限姿势。头仰起,脚趾向外用力,缓急往返七次,然后手向前直伸,脚自然摇动,膝盖不动,手足各做十四次(二七)。可去除脊柱腰部闷塞的风冷。
又说:身体平正,舒开双手向后,用尽势态,弯曲肘部向后空按,做四次十四次(四七)。转腰,垂手下放,手掌四面旋转。可去除手臂内侧筋脉拘急。
又说:双手长长伸直,合掌向下,手高举与肩膀齐平,用尽势态,使肩膀闷痛,然后上下摇动十四次(二七)。手放下至大腿处返回,上下缓急交替。轻手前后分散振动,双手向前推,用力合掌向下,做七次。可去除肩膊内侧的风冷疼痛,日渐消散。
又说:两手掌倒按在两臂和前胸,用尽势态,上下沿两腋下,用力振摇,往返二十一次(三七),结束。手不移位,用力向两肘向上急热,上下振摇十四次(二七),想要握拳两手七次,接着一起做二十一次(三七)。可去除项部肩膊筋脉拘急劳损。一手屈拳向后向左,一手抓住肘头,向内拉扯,上下同时用尽势态。屈手松开,伸直手指三次,才转手,都用尽势态做十四次(四七)。调理肘膊骨筋拘急强直。双手推按,向上用尽势态,上下往返二十一次(三七)。手不动,将两肘向上,用尽势态七次。不动手肘臂,侧身用尽势态,左右回转二十一次(三七)。可去除颈部骨头冷气风急。前十二件都有这种方法,能使人气行通畅,必须在疾病中酌情衡量使用。
The manifestations of *Lijie Feng* (Joint-Traveling Wind) include: shortness of breath, profuse sweating with a white appearance (Baihan), severe pain in the joints that is unbearable, and inability to flex or extend the limbs. This condition is caused by alcohol consumption opening the *Couli* (pores/cutaneous interstices), followed by wind invasion while sweating. It may also result from deficiency of *Xueqi* (Blood and Qi) and subsequent contraction of wind pathogens. When wind traverses the joints and contends with Blood and Qi, it causes pain. Deficiency of Blood and Qi leads to sweating. When wind-cold contends with the sinews, it results in an inability to flex or extend, which constitutes *Lijie Feng*.
Wind-induced body pain occurs because wind-dampness contends with Yang Qi. In cases of Yang Qi deficiency, the *Couli* easily open, allowing wind-dampness to constrain it, preventing the normal venting of Yang Qi. Consequently, Yang Qi contends with wind-dampness between the *Fenrou* (muscle intervals), striking each other and causing pain.
Upon pulse diagnosis, if the pulse is floating and tight, body pain will manifest.
Wind invading the abdomen causing spasmodic and cutting pain indicates that due to constitutional weakness, wind-cold has invaded. The wind-cold lodges in the *Sanjiao* (Triple Burner) and flows through the Zang-Fu organs. The contention between cold and heat leads to spasmodic and severe pain in the heart and abdomen.
The Five Zang organs reside internally, while Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) circulates externally. If the organ Qi is substantial, pathogens cannot harm it; if deficient, external Qi is insufficient, and wind pathogens take advantage. Specifically, the Heart houses the Shen (Spirit), the Liver houses the Hun (Ethereal Soul), the Lungs house the Po (Corporeal Soul), the Spleen houses the Yi (Intellect), and the Kidneys house the Zhi (Willpower). If wind pathogens invade these organs, it represents pathogenic interference with righteous Qi, leading to mental confusion or trance-like states.
*Cifeng* (Stabbing Wind) arises from constitutional weakness and open skin pores, allowing wind invasion. Its symptoms involve wind pathogens spreading throughout the body, causing itching or crawling sensations on the skin. As pathogenic Qi contends with righteous Qi, the wind strikes the skin, creating a sensation as if pierced by awls or knives; hence it is named *Cifeng*.
The *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life) states: For those who have contracted cold, if one consumes hot foods before the cold has resolved, *Cifeng* may develop.
*Gufeng* (Gu Poison Wind) results from constitutional weakness and wind invasion, where wind pathogens remain in the skin. It presents with wandering discomfort on the skin, feeling like drawing or stabbing, accompanied by whole-body pain, thereby damaging Blood and Qi. Its movements resemble those of someone poisoned by Gu, hence the name *Gufeng*.
*Fengleng* (Wind-Cold) occurs due to Zang-Fu weakness and insufficiency of Blood and Qi, leading to the contraction of wind-cold. Blood and Qi flow smoothly when warm but become stagnant and obstructed when cold. Wind pathogens injuring the body can be either cold or hot. If accompanied by cold, the cold damages Blood and Qi, causing bluish complexion, chest oppression, regurgitation, vomiting of saliva, and painful, cold limbs; thus it is termed *Fengleng*. Decoctions, moxibustion, acupuncture, and stone therapies for this condition are detailed in separate formulas. Methods of nourishment and Daoyin (guiding and pulling) are appended below.
The *Yangsheng Fang · Daoyin Fa* (Guiding and Pulling Method) states: Stand with one foot flat on the ground, keeping it still, while extending the other foot to the side in a 'T' shape. Turn the body using momentum, and quickly retract both hands. Repeat alternately left and right fourteen times (2 × 7). This removes wind-cold from the spine, hemiplegia, and lack of lubrication.
It further states: Squat-sit, keeping the body upright and head level. Cross hands under the chin, keep the head still, and shake both elbows upward. Move up and down forty-nine times (7 × 7). Alternatively, cross hands twenty-one times (3 × 7) to relax the mind and body. This alleviates wind-cold swelling and oppression in the breasts, menstrual irregularities, and gradual deterioration.
Another method: Sit with legs fully extended. Relax the body and sink the Qi downward until the heart feels soft and comfortable. Then bend one knee under the thigh, extend the other leg fully, and point the toes upward with force. Lie supine with the head not touching the mat. Push hands forward forcefully and pull the head upward simultaneously. Hold the posture, moving back and forth fourteen times (2 × 7), alternating sides. This treats foot pain, coldness in the waist and shoulders, blood cold, wind-bi, and progressive decline.
Another method: Extend legs fully, press the abdomen against the mat. Observe the Qi descending consciously. Place palms flat on the mat and straighten arms with force to disperse Qi down the back. Move back and forth fourteen times (2 × 7). This eliminates internal residual cold in the Zang-Fu, urgent pulses, and wind-cold in the waist and shoulders.
To induce sweating by holding breath: Curl fists, bend knees, and lie on the side. Hold breath to the limit. When the urge to breathe arises, let the breath settle, then hold breath again. Continue until sweating occurs, then stop. Turn over, placing the lower body above, and repeat the breath-holding process until heavy sweating occurs. This primarily treats wind-cold in the body. To treat pain in the thighs, shins, and arms: Bend one shin and one arm, extend the affected limb, and lie supine. Inhale through the nose to fill the abdomen. Use intention to push the Qi upward, imagining it becoming warm; the condition will resolve.
Another method: Press abdomen against the mat. Extend one leg backward, curl toes forcefully. Extend one hand forward to the limit, and use the other hand to pull the foot backward to the extreme. Tilt the head back and arch the back tightly. Initially, stretch limbs diagonally and pull against each other. Then bend limbs and head together, taking the posture simultaneously. Alternate hands and feet, moving up and down fourteen times (2 × 7), repeating on both sides. This relieves wind-cold pain and stiffness in the neck, back, waist, knees, and shoulders, and spinal rigidity.
Another method: Sit upright. Reach hands backward to grasp wrists, pressing palms against the mat in reverse. Use full force to make the abdomen tense and move up and down seven times. Switch hands and repeat. This dissipates accumulated cold wind and residual Qi in the abdomen, cold stomach, difficulty in eating/drinking, and vomiting.
For practitioners of self-care: First sit upright with knees and feet together. Upon sitting, place toes facing each other and heels outward. To sit stably, bring heels inward to face each other and toes outward. If feeling stuffy or painful, gradually lift the body slightly while seated. Once the position is stable and pain-free, raise heels vertically while seated, with toes pointing outward. Practice this every time you sit. This removes cold from the bladder, cold knees, cold and painful feet, rising Qi, and waist pain, promoting comfort.
Extend one leg fully, bend the other. Grasp the knees at the *Sanli* area with both hands, push knees forward, and pull the body backward simultaneously. Allow Qi to dissipate internally, feeling as if bones are separating. Switch legs, performing twenty-one times (3 × 7) each. This gradually removes cold wind and blood stagnation from the shoulders and spine, and tendon tension.
Reach hands backward and pull feet backward to the limit. Tilt head back and push toes outward. Move slowly and quickly seven times. Then extend hands forward straight, shake feet naturally without moving knees. Perform fourteen times (2 × 7) for hands and feet. This removes wind-cold oppression in the spine and waist.
Keep the body upright. Extend hands backward to the limit. Bend elbows and press backward into empty space fourteen times (4 × 7). Rotate the waist, drop hands downward, and rotate palms in all directions. This releases tension in the tendons of the inner arms.
Extend hands fully, join palms downward. Raise hands high to shoulder level, using full force to create shoulder oppression/pain. Then shake up and down fourteen times (2 × 7). Lower hands to the thighs and return, varying speed. Gently shake hands front and back. Push hands forward, join palms, and press downward seven times. This disperses wind-cold pain in the shoulders daily.
Place palms inverted against the arms and front chest, using full force. Shake vigorously up and down along the lateral aspects of the armpits twenty-one times (3 × 7). Without moving hands, push upward toward the elbows to generate heat, shaking up and down fourteen times (2 × 7). Make fists seven times, then proceed with twenty-one times (3 × 7). This treats tendon strain and urgency in the neck and shoulders. Bend one fist backward to the left, grasp the elbow with the other hand, and pull inward. Move up and down using full force. Release the bent hand, extend fingers three times, then turn hands, using full force fourteen times (4 × 7). This regulates stiff tendons and bones of the elbows and shoulders. Push hands upward with full force, moving up and down twenty-one times (3 × 7). Keep hands still, raise elbows upward with full force seven times. Without moving hands or elbows, turn the body sideways with full force, rotating left and right twenty-one times (3 × 7). This removes cold wind urgency from cervical bones. These twelve methods allow Qi to circulate; they must be applied judiciously according to the disease.