久腹痛者，脏腑虚而有寒，客于腹内，连滞不歇，发作有时。发则肠鸣而腹绞痛，谓之
寒中，是冷搏于阴经，令阳气不足，阴气有余也。寒中久痛不瘥，冷入于大肠，则变下痢。
所以然者，肠鸣气虚故也，肠虚则泄，故变下痢也。
腹胀者，由阳气外虚，阴气内积故也。阳气外虚，受风冷邪气；风冷，阴气也。冷积于
腑脏之间不散，与脾气相拥，虚则胀，故腹满而气微喘。
诊其脉，右手寸口气口以前，手阳明经也，脉浮为阳，按之牢强，谓之为实。阳实者，
病腹满，气喘嗽。右手关上脉，足太阴经也，阴实者，病腹胀满，烦扰不得卧也；关脉实，
即腹满响；关上脉浮而大，风在胃内，腹胀急，心内澹澹，食欲呕逆；关脉浮，腹满不欲食
，脉浮为是虚满。
左手尺中神门以后脉，足少阴经。沉者为阴，阴实者，病苦小腹满。左手尺中阴实者，
肾实也，苦腹胀善鸣。左手关后尺中脉浮为阳，阳实者，膀胱实也，苦少腹满，引腰痛。脉
来外涩者，为奔腹胀满也，病苦腹满而喘。
脉反滑利而沉，皆为逆，死不治。腹胀脉浮者生，虚小者死。其汤熨针石，别有正方，
补养宣导，今附于后。
《养生方·导引法》云∶蹲坐，住心，卷两手，发心向下，左右手摇臂，递互欹身，尽
膊势，卷头筑肚，两手冲脉至脐下，来去三七。渐去腹胀肚急闷，食不消化。
又云∶腹中苦胀，有寒，以口呼出气，三十过止。
又云∶若腹中满，食饮苦饱，端坐伸腰，以口纳气数十，满吐之，以便为故，不便复为
之。有寒气，腹中不安，亦行之。
又云∶端坐，伸腰，口纳气数十。除腹满、食饮过饱、寒热、腹中痛病。
又云∶两手向身侧一向，偏相极势；发顶足，气散下，欲似烂物解散。手掌指直舒，左
右相皆然，去来三七；始正身，前后转动膊腰七。去腹肚胀，膀胱、腰脊臂冷，血脉急强，
悸也。
又云∶苦腹内满，饮食善饱，端坐伸腰，以口纳气数十，以便为故，不便复为。
又云∶脾主土，土暖如人肉，始得发汗，去风冷邪气。若腹内有气胀，先须暖足，摩脐
上下并气海，不限遍数，多为佳。始得左回右转三七。和气如用，要用身内一百一十三法，
回转三百六十骨节，动脉摇筋，气血布泽，二十四气和润，脏腑均调，和气在用。头动转摇
振，手气向上，心气向下，分明知去知来。莫问平手、欹腰，转身，摩气，屈蹙迥动，尽，
心气放散，送至涌泉，一一不失气之行度。用之有益，不解用者，疑如气乱。
久腹痛，是由于脏腑虚弱且内有寒邪，寒气客居在腹内，连绵不断、反复发作。发作时肠鸣音亢进并伴有腹部绞痛，这被称为“寒中”。这是因为冷邪搏结于阴经，导致阳气不足而阴气偏盛。若寒中引起的腹痛长期不愈，寒气侵入大肠，就会转变为下痢。之所以如此，是因为肠鸣反映气虚；肠道空虚则易泄泻，因此转化为下痢。
腹胀，是由于阳气在外虚弱，阴气在内积聚所致。阳气在外虚弱，容易遭受风冷邪气的侵袭；风冷属于阴气。冷邪积聚在腑脏之间不能消散，与脾气相互壅滞，因虚而生胀，所以出现腹部满闷且气息微喘的症状。
诊察脉象：右手寸口脉的“气口”以前部位，对应手阳明大肠经。脉浮属阳，如果按之坚实有力，称为实证。阳实证，病症表现为腹部满闷、气喘和咳嗽。右手关部脉，对应足太阴脾经。阴实证，病症表现为腹部胀满烦扰、无法安卧；关脉实，则腹部满闷且有声响；关上脉浮大，说明风邪在胃内，症状为腹部胀急、心中悸动不安、食欲减退且欲呕；关脉浮，表示腹部满闷不想进食，这种脉浮属于虚性胀满。
左手尺中神门以后的脉，对应足少阴肾经。脉沉属阴，阴实证，病症表现为小腹部满闷不适。左手尺中阴实证，即肾实证，表现为苦于腹部胀满且肠鸣声多。左手关后尺中脉浮属阳，阳实证，即膀胱实证，表现为苦于小腹部满闷，牵引腰部疼痛。脉来外涩的，是奔豚病导致的腹胀满，病症表现为苦于腹部满闷且气喘。
脉象反见滑利而沉的，均为逆证，主死，难以治愈。腹胀而脉浮的预后良好（生），脉象虚小的则预后不良（死）。关于汤药、熨法、针刺和砭石的治疗，另有专门的方剂，补养和导引的方法，现在附在后面。
《养生方·导引法》说：蹲坐，静心，卷曲双手，意念向下，左右手摇动双臂，交替倾斜身体，直至手臂动作到位，卷头抵肚，两手冲向脉气至脐下，往返做二十一次（三七二十一）。逐渐消除腹部胀满、肚子急闷、食物不消化的症状。
又说：如果腹中苦于胀满且有寒邪，用口呼气，三十次为止。
又说：如果腹中满闷，饮食过饱感到痛苦，端正坐姿伸直腰身，用口吸气数十次，然后满吐出来，以通畅为度，如果不通畅就继续这样做。如果有寒气，腹中不安，也施行此法。
又说：端正坐姿，伸直腰身，用口吸气数十次。可以去除腹部满闷、饮食过饱、寒热病以及腹中疼痛的病证。
又说：两手向身体侧面伸展，达到极限姿势；头顶和足底发力，气散向下，感觉像腐烂的东西解散一样。手掌手指伸直舒展，左右都这样做，往返做二十一次；然后端正身体，前后转动胳膊和腰部七次。可以去除腹部胀满、膀胱及腰脊手臂寒冷、血脉拘急强硬、心悸等症状。
又说：苦于腹内满闷，饮食容易过饱，端正坐姿伸直腰身，用口吸气数十次，以通畅为度，不通畅则继续做。
又说：脾属土，土暖就像人的肌肉温暖一样，才能发汗，去除风冷邪气。如果腹内有气胀，必须先温暖双脚，按摩脐上下及气海穴，不限次数，多做为佳。然后开始向左向右旋转三十六次（三七二十一，此处原文可能有误或指特定节奏，依文意译为旋转动作）。调和之气运用得当，需要运用身体内一百一十三种方法，回转三百六十个骨节，摇动动脉和筋腱，使气血布散润泽，二十四气和润，脏腑均匀调和，和气得以运用。头部转动摇振，手气向上，心气向下，清楚地知道气的去和来。不要管平手、弯腰、转身、摩气、屈伸回旋等动作，做完后，将心气放散，送至涌泉穴，一一不失去气的运行规律。使用它有益处，不理解使用的人，会觉得气乱。
Long-standing abdominal pain is caused by deficiency and cold in the Zang-Fu organs, where pathogenic cold lodges within the abdomen, lingering without cessation and occurring at specific times. During an attack, borborygmus (intestinal rumbling) occurs accompanied by colicky abdominal pain, which is termed "Han Zhong" (Cold Invasion). This is because cold combats the Yin meridians, causing Yang Qi to be insufficient and Yin Qi to be excessive. If the long-standing pain from Han Zhong does not heal, cold enters the Large Intestine, transforming into dysentery. The reason for this is that borborygmus indicates Qi deficiency; when the intestines are deficient, diarrhea ensues, thus transforming into dysentery.
Abdominal distension arises from external deficiency of Yang Qi and internal accumulation of Yin Qi. External deficiency of Yang Qi makes one susceptible to wind-cold pathogens; wind-cold belongs to Yin Qi. Cold accumulates between the Fu organs and does not dissipate, conflicting with Spleen Qi. Due to deficiency, distension occurs, resulting in abdominal fullness and slight panting.
Upon pulse diagnosis: At the Cun Kou area before the Qikou on the Right Hand, corresponding to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, a floating pulse indicates Yang. If it feels firm and strong upon pressure, it signifies Excess. Yang Excess manifests as abdominal fullness, panting, and cough. At the Guan position on the Right Hand, corresponding to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Yin Excess manifests as abdominal distension, restlessness, and inability to lie down; a solid Guan pulse indicates abdominal fullness with sounds; a floating and large pulse at the Guan position indicates Wind in the Stomach, manifesting as urgent abdominal distension, palpitations in the heart, loss of appetite, and nausea. A floating Guan pulse indicates abdominal fullness with lack of desire to eat, representing false fullness due to deficiency.
At the Shimen position after the Chi section on the Left Hand, corresponding to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, a sinking pulse indicates Yin. Yin Excess manifests as suffering from lower abdominal fullness. Yin Excess at the Left Chi position indicates Kidney Excess, characterized by suffering from abdominal distension and frequent borborygmus. A floating pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan on the Left Hand indicates Yang. Yang Excess indicates Bladder Excess, manifesting as suffering from lower abdominal fullness radiating to lower back pain. An exteriorly coarse pulse indicates Ben Teng (Rushing Tumor) leading to abdominal distension, characterized by suffering from abdominal fullness and panting.
A pulse that is reversely slippery and deep indicates adverse conditions, signifying death and incurability. Abdominal distension with a floating pulse indicates survival; a deficient and small pulse indicates death. Treatments involving decoctions, moxibustion/ironing, acupuncture, and stone therapy have separate specific formulas. Nourishing and Daoyin (guiding and pulling) methods are attached below.
The *Yangsheng Fang · Daoyin Fa* states: Squat and sit, calm the mind, curl both hands, direct the intention downward, shake both arms left and right, alternately tilt the body until the arm movements are complete, curl the head to touch the belly, push both hands towards the Mai (vessels) down to below the umbilicus, repeating thirty-seven times. This gradually eliminates abdominal distension, urgent bloating, and indigestion.
It also states: If suffering from abdominal distension due to cold, exhale through the mouth thirty times to stop.
It also states: If the abdomen is full and suffering from overeating, sit upright, extend the waist, inhale through the mouth dozens of times, then vomit fully. Stop when comfortable; if not comfortable, repeat. If there is cold qi causing abdominal discomfort, perform this method as well.
It also states: Sit upright, extend the waist, inhale through the mouth dozens of times. This removes abdominal fullness, overeating, cold-heat disorders, and abdominal pain.
It also states: Extend both hands to the sides of the body to the extreme limit; engage the crown and feet, let the Qi scatter downward, feeling as if rotting matter is dissolving. Straighten the palm fingers, doing so on both sides, repeating thirty-seven times; then straighten the body, rotating the arms and waist forward and backward seven times. This removes abdominal distension, cold in the Bladder, lower back, spine, and arms, tight blood vessels, and palpitations.
It also states: Suffering from internal fullness and easy satiation, sit upright, extend the waist, inhale through the mouth dozens of times. Stop when comfortable; if not, repeat.
It also states: The Spleen governs Earth. Just as Earth warms like human flesh, one can induce sweating to expel wind-cold pathogens. If there is Qi distension in the abdomen, first warm the feet, massage above and below the umbilicus and Qihai (CV6), without limiting the number of times, more is better. Then begin rotating left and right thirty-seven times. When harmonious Qi is used properly, one utilizes one hundred and thirteen methods within the body, rotating three hundred and sixty bone joints, shaking arteries and tendons, distributing Qi and Blood, moistening the twenty-four harmonies, and regulating the Zang-Fu evenly. Harmonious Qi is utilized. Head movements rotate and vibrate, Hand Qi moves upward, Heart Qi moves downward, clearly knowing the departure and arrival. Regardless of flat hands, tilted waist, turning body, massaging Qi, bending, or twisting, once finished, scatter the Heart Qi and send it to Yongquan (KI1). Do not lose the pathway of Qi in any aspect. Using it brings benefits; those who do not understand its use will feel their Qi is chaotic.