伤寒，发汗后而汗出不止，津液少，胃内极干，小肠有伏热，故小便不通。
此由表实里虚，热气乘虚而入，攻于肠胃，则下黄赤汁，此热毒所为也。
此由热毒伤于肠胃，故下脓血如鱼脑，或如烂肉汁，壮热而腹痛，此湿毒瓦斯盛故也。
伤寒病，若表实里虚，热乘虚而入，攻于肠胃，则下黄赤汁。若湿毒瓦斯盛，则腹痛壮热
，下脓血如鱼脑，或如烂肉汁。若寒毒入胃，则腹满，身热，下清谷。下清谷者，不可攻其
表，汗出必胀满，表里俱虚故也。伤寒六七日不利，更发热而利者，其人汗出不止者死，但
有阴无阳故也。下利有微热，其人渴，脉弱者，今自愈。脉沉弦者，下重，其脉大者，为未
止；脉微弱数者，为欲自止，虽发热不死。少阴病，八九日，而身手足尽热，热在膀胱，必
便血。下利，脉浮数，尺中自滑，其人必清脓血。少阴病下利，若利止，恶寒而拳，手足温
者，可治也。阳明病，下利，其脉浮大，此皆为虚弱强下之故。伤寒下利，日十余行，其脉
反实死。
此由初受病时，毒热气盛，多服冷药，以自泻下，病折以后，热势既退，冷气乃动，故
使心下 牢，噫哕食臭，腹内雷鸣而泄利，此由脾胃气虚冷故也。
伤寒病，经过发汗治疗后，汗出仍然不止，导致津液亏损，胃中极度干燥，小肠内有潜伏的热邪，因此小便不通畅。
这种情况是由于体表邪气盛实而体内正气虚弱，热邪乘虚侵入，攻冲于肠胃，导致排泄物呈黄赤色汁液，这是由热毒引起的。
这种情况是由于热毒损伤了肠胃，导致排泄物像鱼脑一样脓血混杂，或者像腐烂的肉汁，伴有高热和腹痛，这是由湿毒之气旺盛所致。
伤寒病，如果表现为表实里虚，热邪乘虚侵入，攻冲于肠胃，就会排泄黄赤色汁液。如果湿毒之气旺盛，就会出现腹痛、高热，排泄物像鱼脑一样的脓血，或者像腐烂的肉汁。如果寒毒侵入胃部，就会出现腹部胀满、身体发热、排泄未消化的食物（完谷不化）。对于排泄完谷不化的情况，不可使用攻表法（发汗），因为一旦发汗出汗，必然导致腹部胀满，这是因为表里两经的正气都虚弱了。伤寒病六七天没有下利，后来反而出现发热并伴随下利的，如果此人汗出不止，属于死证，这是因为只有阴气而没有阳气（阳脱）的缘故。下利伴有轻微发热，病人感到口渴，脉象微弱弱的，说明病情即将自愈。脉象沉弦的，会有排便不畅感（后重）；脉象大的，说明病情尚未停止；脉象微弱且数的，说明病情将要自行停止，虽然发热但不会死亡。少阴病，经过八九天，全身和手足都发热，热邪在膀胱，必然导致便血。下利，脉象浮数，尺部脉搏自滑，此人必然排泄脓血。少阴病下利，如果下利停止，虽有恶寒蜷缩，但手足温暖，是可以治疗的。阳明病下利，脉象浮大，这都是因为体质虚弱却强行攻下的缘故。伤寒下利，一天十几次，脉象反而坚实有力，属于死证。
这种情况是由于起初患病时，毒热之气旺盛，过多服用寒凉药物来促使自己泻下，病势被压制之后，热势虽然消退，但冷气开始发动，从而导致心下部坚硬痞塞，嗳气有食物臭味，腹内肠鸣音亢进并伴有泄泻，这是由脾胃气虚寒冷所致。
这种情况是由于寒毒之气损伤了太阴经。太阴经对应肺脏。肺主司气机，肺气虚弱时被邪热所客居，邪气客居则导致胀满，胀满则引起气逆上冲。
Shanghan (Cold Damage Disease), after undergoing sweating therapy, continues to sweat excessively, leading to a deficiency of body fluids and extreme dryness in the Stomach. With latent heat in the Small Intestine, urination becomes obstructed.
This condition arises from excess pathogenic factors at the exterior and deficiency at the interior, allowing heat pathogens to enter vacuously and attack the intestines and stomach, resulting in the discharge of yellowish-red fluid; this is caused by heat toxicity.
This condition results from heat toxicity damaging the intestines and stomach, causing the discharge of pus and blood resembling fish brains, or like rotten meat juice, accompanied by high fever and abdominal pain; this is due to the prevalence of damp-toxic qi.
In Shanghan disease, if there is exterior excess and interior deficiency, heat pathogens enter vacuously and attack the intestines and stomach, leading to the discharge of yellowish-red fluid. If damp-toxic qi is prevalent, it causes abdominal pain, high fever, and the discharge of pus and blood resembling fish brains or rotten meat juice. If cold-toxic qi enters the Stomach, it causes abdominal fullness, body heat, and the passage of undigested food (Wan Gu Bu Hua). For cases of passing undigested food, one must not use exterior-attacking methods (sweating); if sweating occurs, abdominal fullness will inevitably result because both the exterior and interior are deficient. In Shanghan disease, if there has been no diarrhea for six or seven days, but subsequently fever and diarrhea appear, and the patient sweats incessantly, death ensues because there is only Yin without Yang (Yang collapse). Diarrhea with slight fever, thirst, and a weak pulse indicates that the disease will heal spontaneously. A deep and wiry pulse indicates tenesmus (Xia Zhong); a large pulse indicates the disease has not yet ceased; a faint and rapid pulse indicates the disease is about to stop spontaneously, and although there is fever, death will not occur. In Shaoyin disease, after eight or nine days, if the whole body and hands and feet become hot, and the heat resides in the Bladder, hematuria (Bian Xue) will certainly occur. Diarrhea with a floating and rapid pulse, and a naturally slippery pulse at the Chi position, indicates the patient will certainly pass pus and blood. In Shaoyin disease with diarrhea, if the diarrhea stops, and although there is aversion to cold and curling up, the hands and feet remain warm, the condition is treatable. In Yangming disease with diarrhea, a floating and large pulse indicates this is due to forcing purgation in a weak constitution. In Shanghan with diarrhea, occurring more than ten times a day, if the pulse is unexpectedly solid, it is a death sign.
This condition arises because initially, when the disease was contracted, toxic heat qi was abundant, and excessive consumption of cold medicines induced self-purging. After the disease process was interrupted and heat subsided, cold qi began to move, causing hardness and obstruction below the heart, belching with a smell of food, borborygmus (Fu Nei Lei Ming), and diarrhea; this is due to deficiency-cold of the Spleen and Stomach qi.
This condition arises from cold-toxic qi injuring the Taiyin Meridian. The Taiyin corresponds to the Lung. The Lung governs Qi; when Lung Qi is deficient, it is invaded by pathogenic heat. When pathogenic factors reside, distension occurs, leading to rebellious Qi (Shang Qi).