胜怒；喜伤心，恐胜喜；思伤脾，怒胜思；忧伤肺，喜胜忧；恐伤肾，思胜恐。此五性之相
制也。举痛曰∶怒则气上，喜则气缓，悲则气消，恐则气下，惊则气乱，劳则气耗，思则气
结。此五性之病机也。本神曰∶肝藏血，血舍魂，虚则恐，实则怒；脾藏营，营舍意，虚
则四肢不用，五脏不安，实而腹胀，泾溲不利；心藏脉，脉舍神，虚则悲，实则笑不休；肺
藏
气，气舍魄，虚则鼻塞不利，少气，实则喘喝，胸盈仰息；肾藏精，精舍志，虚则厥，实则
胀。此五性之病之虚实也。脾、肺、肾三脏，不言神病者，已具肝、心二脏之病之中，可推
而知也。又曰∶心怵惕思虑则伤神，神伤则恐惧自失，破 脱肉，毛悴色夭，死于冬；脾忧
愁不解则伤意，意伤则 乱，四肢不举，毛悴色夭，死于春；肝悲哀动中则伤魂，魂伤
则狂
妄不精，不精则不敢正当人，阴缩而挛筋，两胁骨不举，毛悴色夭，死于秋；肺喜乐无极则
伤魄，魄伤则狂，狂者意不存人，皮革焦，毛悴色夭，死于夏；肾盛怒不止则伤志，志伤
克制愤怒；喜悦过度会损伤心脏，恐惧可以克制喜悦；思虑过度会损伤脾脏，愤怒可以克制思虑；忧愁过度会损伤肺脏，喜悦可以克制忧愁；恐惧过度会损伤肾脏，思虑可以克制恐惧。这是五种情志之间的相互制约关系。《素问·举痛论》说：愤怒会使气机向上逆乱，喜悦会使气机涣散迟缓，悲哀会使气机消沉耗损，恐惧会使气机向下陷坠，惊骇会使气机紊乱，劳倦会使气机消耗，思虑会使气机郁结。这是五种情志致病的气机机理。《灵枢·本神》说：肝脏贮藏血液，血中寄居着魂，肝血虚则出现恐惧症状，肝气实则表现为易怒；脾脏贮藏营气，营气中寄居着意，脾气虚则四肢不能随意运动，五脏功能不安宁，脾气实则出现腹部胀满，大小便不通利；心脏贮藏脉气，脉中寄居着神，心气虚则表现为悲伤，心气实则表现为笑个不停；肺脏贮藏气，气中寄居着魄，肺气虚则鼻塞不利，呼吸短促，肺气实则表现为喘息有声，胸部胀满需仰面呼吸；肾脏贮藏精，精中寄居着志，肾精虚则出现厥逆，肾气实则表现为腹胀。这是五种情志病变的虚实表现。脾、肺、肾三脏没有单独论述神志病变，是因为已经包含在肝、心两脏的病变描述中，可以由此推知。又说：心中惊恐忧虑会损伤神，神受损则恐惧且失去自主控制能力，肌肉消瘦脱失，毛发枯槁面色晦暗，死于冬季；脾脏忧愁不解会损伤意，意受损则思维混乱，四肢不能抬举，毛发枯槁面色晦暗，死于春季；肝脏悲哀触动内脏会损伤魂，魂受损则狂妄而不精明，不精明则不敢堂堂正正做人，阴器收缩而筋脉拘挛，两胁骨骼僵硬不能抬起，毛发枯槁面色晦暗，死于秋季；肺脏喜乐无度会损伤魄，魄受损则发狂，狂者目中无人，皮肤皮革焦枯，毛发枯槁面色晦暗，死于夏季；肾脏盛怒不止会损伤志，志受损
Anger is restrained by fear; excessive joy injures the Heart, and fear can restrain joy; excessive thought injures the Spleen, and anger can restrain thought; excessive sorrow injures the Lungs, and joy can restrain sorrow; excessive fear injures the Kidneys, and thought can restrain fear. This constitutes the mutual restraint among the five emotional natures. The *Suwen: Jutong Lun* (Treatise on Pain) states: Anger causes Qi to ascend; joy causes Qi to slacken; grief causes Qi to dissipate; fear causes Qi to descend; shock causes Qi to become disordered; labor causes Qi to be consumed; thought causes Qi to knot. These are the pathogenic mechanisms of Qi associated with the five emotional natures. The *Lingshu: Benshen* (Spiritual Pivot: Original Spirit) states: The Liver stores Blood, in which Hun (Ethereal Soul) resides; deficiency leads to fear, while excess leads to anger; the Spleen stores Ying (Nutritive Qi), in which Yi (Intellect) resides; deficiency results in the inability to use the four limbs and instability of the Five Zang organs, while excess manifests as abdominal distension and difficulty in urination and defecation; the Heart stores Mai (Vessels/Pulse), in which Shen (Spirit) resides; deficiency leads to sadness, while excess leads to incessant laughter; the Lungs store Qi, in which Po (Corporeal Soul) resides; deficiency results in nasal congestion and obstruction, shortness of breath, while excess manifests as wheezing and gasping, chest fullness requiring仰息 (breathing with the head tilted back); the Kidneys store Jing (Essence), in which Zhi (Willpower) resides; deficiency leads to jue (cold extremities/fainting), while excess manifests as distension. These describe the deficiency and excess patterns of diseases caused by the five emotional natures. The Spleen, Lungs, and Kidneys do not explicitly discuss spirit-related diseases because they are already encompassed within the pathological descriptions of the Liver and Heart, from which they can be inferred. It further states: If the Heart is subjected to fright, terror, and overthinking, it injures the Shen; when Shen is injured, one experiences fear and loss of self-control, muscle wasting, withered hair, and a sallow complexion, leading to death in winter; if the Spleen is burdened with unresolved sorrow, it injures the Yi; when Yi is injured, thinking becomes chaotic, the four limbs cannot be lifted, with withered hair and a sallow complexion, leading to death in spring; if the Liver is moved by profound grief affecting the interior, it injures the Hun; when Hun is injured, one becomes manic and lacks clarity, lacking clarity means one dares not face others properly, leading to retraction of the genitals and tendon contraction, stiffness of the hypochondriac bones preventing movement, withered hair, and a sallow complexion, leading to death in autumn; if the Lungs are subjected to boundless joy and pleasure, it injures the Po; when Po is injured, one becomes manic, acting as if others do not exist, with scorched skin and leather, withered hair, and a sallow complexion, leading to death in summer; unceasing rage in the Kidneys injures the Zhi; when Zhi is injured