麻黄性辛热。主散善发汗。唯三冬正伤寒。太阳症脉浮紧者宜之。与夫三拗汤之治哮喘
实症
。暂用无妨。若余月而脉非浮紧。不免致斑黄之患。甚有真阳外脱。纯热无汗。误投必死。
山漆近代出自粤西南丹诸处。唯治军中金疮。及妇人血崩不止。与男子暴吐失血。而真
元未亏
者。用之极有神效。奏功顷刻。若虚劳失血。阴阳损竭。盒饭寻源治本。嘘血归经。误用此
药。燥劫止塞。反滋祸害也。特举一二言之。丙子秋余蜀归见犹子妇乃陈曲江公女也。虚损
吐血。医用此药。未及月而殁。又余案内所开社友郑去华季郎与庠生陈子贞皆以心肾亏损吐
血。亦用此药。致经旬肠结而死。可不戒欤。
一切金石。性属剽悍。病者元气未损。肠胃壮实。根据本草主治。暂用无妨。若肠胃柔弱
。血
液枯燥。用之亦反滋患也每见一二妄医。辄疗贵人病恙。率用珍珠琥珀擅称至宝。往往遗患
非小。
此数药唯治初症风痰停膈。昏迷不醒。及恶气暴染者宜之。若藏气虚者用之。顿泄真阳
阳散便死矣凡治病察新久虚实极是紧要。
香零陵香胡芦巴蛇床子良姜甘松辛夷胡椒苏合丸
以上皆辛燥香辣疏泄之物。盖辛主散。香性燥唯脾胃两经。寒湿凝滞。致饮食不进。或
饱闷
不通者宜之。若真藏气衰而成虚胀虚痞诸病。则当以参术桂附骨脂肉蔻温补右肾之真阳。勤
培母气。庶克有济。其前诸药。便非所宜矣。立斋曰都宪孟有涯气短痰晕。服辛香之剂。痰
盛遗尿。两尺浮大。按之如无。余以为肾虚不能纳气归源。香燥致甚耳。用八味丸料三剂而
愈。大凡治脾治肾而母子标本悬殊。不可不详别也。至胡芦巴蛇床子。虽为肾药亦是燥辣偏
性恐涸真水助焰虚阳须禁之唐玄宗每用此与达志雀蛋诸药。炼为驿马丸纵欲宫庭荒淫败德。
卒至播迁。宗社几灭。人君且如此。则凡有身家者可不儆欤。
麻黄性味辛热。主要功效为发散，善于发汗。只有在冬季（正冬、仲冬、季冬）感受伤寒，出现太阳病症状且脉象浮紧的情况下才适宜使用。以及对于三拗汤所治疗的哮喘实证，暂时使用也无妨。如果在其他月份，脉象并非浮紧，不免会导致发斑发黄的危害；更有甚者，若是真阳外脱、纯热无汗的证候，误用此药必然致死。
山漆近代出自广东西南丹州等地。主要用于治疗军队中的金创（金属利器造成的创伤），以及妇女血崩不止，和男子突发吐血失血，而真元尚未亏损的患者。使用它极有神效，顷刻间就能见效。如果是虚劳导致的失血，阴阳耗损枯竭，应当寻找根源治本，使血液回归经脉。误用此药，因其燥烈劫阴导致闭塞，反而滋生祸害。特举其中一二案例来说明。丙子年秋天，我从蜀地归来，见到侄媳妇，她是陈曲江公的女儿。因虚损吐血，医生使用了此药，不到一个月就去世了。另外，我案卷中记载的社友郑去华季郎与庠生陈子贞，都因为心肾亏损吐血，也使用了此药，导致十多天后肠道结滞而死。这难道不值得警惕吗？
一切金石类药物，性质属于剽悍。如果病人元气未损，肠胃壮实，根据《本草》的主治记载，暂时使用无妨。如果肠胃柔弱，血液枯燥，使用它们也会反而滋生祸患。我常常见到一些妄自尊大的医生，动辄治疗贵人的疾病，往往滥用珍珠、琥珀，自称为至宝。这常常留下不小的隐患。
这几味药只适用于初起的风痰停滞胸膈，昏迷不醒，以及恶气突然感染的情况。如果脏腑之气虚弱的人使用，会导致真阳瞬间泄散而死亡。大凡治病，察辨新久虚实极其紧要。
零陵香、胡芦巴、蛇床子、良姜、甘松、辛夷、胡椒、苏合丸。以上这些药物都是辛燥香辣、具有疏泄作用的物品。大概辛味主发散，香气性燥，仅适用于脾胃两经寒湿凝滞，导致饮食不进，或者饱闷不通的情况。如果是真脏气衰败而形成的虚胀、虚痞等各种病症，则应当用人参、白术、桂枝、附子、骨碎补、肉豆蔻来温补右肾的真阳，勤奋培补母气（脾土），这样才可能有所济助。前面的那些药物，就不适宜使用了。立斋说：都宪孟有涯气短痰晕，服用辛香药剂后，痰盛遗尿，两尺脉浮大，重按如无。我认为这是肾虚不能纳气归源，辛燥之药加重了病情。用了八味丸料三剂而痊愈。大凡治疗脾肾，母子标本悬殊，不可不详细辨别。至于胡芦巴、蛇床子，虽然是补肾药，但也具有燥辣偏性，恐怕会枯竭真水、助长虚火，必须禁止使用。唐玄宗经常使用此药与达志雀蛋等药，炼制成驿马丸，纵欲宫廷荒淫败德，最终导致流离失所，宗社几乎灭亡。君主尚且如此，那么凡是有家室的人，难道不引以为戒吗？
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) has a pungent and hot nature. Its primary function is dispersal, and it is particularly effective in inducing sweating. It is suitable only for cases of true cold damage contracted during the three winter months, presenting with Taiyang syndrome symptoms and a floating, tight pulse. It may also be temporarily used for asthma excess syndromes treated by San'ao Tang. However, if used in other months where the pulse is not floating and tight, it may inevitably lead to complications such as macules and jaundice. In severe cases, for patients with external collapse of True Yang or pure heat without sweat, misapplication will certainly result in death.
Shanqi (Drynariae Rhizoma / *Note: Context suggests a hemostatic herb like Sanqi/Panax notoginseng or similar, but literal translation of Shanqi often refers to Drynaria or specific regional herbs; given "hemostasis" context, likely referring to a potent hemostatic agent. However, strictly following text "Shanqi", I will use Shanqi*). In recent times, it has originated from Danzhou and other places in southwestern Guangdong. It is primarily used to treat military metal wounds, continuous metrorrhagia in women, and sudden hematemesis or blood loss in men, provided that the True Yuan has not yet been depleted. Its use yields extremely miraculous effects, achieving results within moments. If used for blood loss due to deficiency consumption, where Yin and Yang are exhausted, one should seek the root cause and treat the foundation, guiding blood back to its vessels. Misusing this drug, due to its drying and劫 (depleting) nature causing obstruction, will instead breed disaster. I specifically cite a few examples. In the autumn of Bingzi year, upon returning from Shu, I saw my nephew's wife, who was the daughter of Duke Chen Qujiang. Suffering from deficiency consumption and hemoptysis, she was treated with this drug and died within less than a month. Additionally, in my case records, my society friend Zheng Qihua Jilang and scholar Chen Zizhen both suffered from hemoptysis due to Heart and Kidney deficiency. They also used this drug, resulting in intestinal obstruction and death after ten days. Should we not be vigilant?
All mineral and metallic substances have a fierce and rash nature. If the patient's Yuan Qi is undamaged and the stomach and intestines are robust, temporary use is harmless according to the indications in Bencao. However, if the stomach and intestines are weak and the blood and fluids are dry, their use will likewise breed harm. I often see arrogant physicians treating illnesses of nobles, frequently abusing Pearl and Amber, claiming them to be supreme treasures. This often leaves significant hidden dangers.
These few drugs are only suitable for initial wind-phlegm stagnation in the chest and diaphragm, coma, and sudden infection by evil qi. If used by those with deficient Zang-Fu Qi, it will cause immediate leakage and dispersion of True Yang, leading to death. In treating diseases, distinguishing between new/old, excess/deficiency is extremely crucial.
Linglingxiang (Agastaches Herba), Hulusiba (Trichosanthis Fructus / *Note: Hulusiba usually refers to Trigonella foenum-graecum/Fenugreek in some contexts or Astragalus, but here likely Fenugreek given kidney/warmth context*), Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus), Liangjiang (Galangae Rhizoma), Gansong (Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma), Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos), Hujiao (Piperis Longi Fructus), Suhewan (Suhewan). All the above are pungent, drying, spicy, and aromatic substances with dispersing and draining properties. Generally, Pungency leads to dispersal, and Aroma is drying. They are only suitable for Cold-Dampness stagnation in the Spleen and Stomach meridians, causing poor appetite or fullness and obstruction. If the disease arises from the decline of True Zang Qi, manifesting as deficiency distension or deficiency痞 (fullness), one should use Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), Gushibu (Drynariae Rhizoma), and Roukou (Myristicae Semen) to warm and tonify the True Yang of the Right Kidney, diligently cultivating the Mother Qi (Spleen Earth), so that there might be assistance. The aforementioned drugs would then be inappropriate. Lizhai stated: Du Xian Meng Youya suffered from shortness of breath and phlegm-induced dizziness. After taking pungent-aromatic agents, his phlegm increased and he experienced urinary incontinence. His Chi pulses at both wrists were floating and large, but empty upon deep pressure. I considered this to be Kidney deficiency failing to grasp Qi and return it to its source, exacerbated by the drying-aromatic drugs. He recovered after taking three doses of Bawei Wan formula. Generally, when treating the Spleen and Kidney, where the Mother-Child relationship and Root-Branch aspects differ significantly, one must distinguish them carefully. As for Hulusiba and Shechuangzi, although they are Kidney herbs, they possess drying and spicy biased properties, which may deplete True Water and assist Deficient Yang; thus, they must be prohibited. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang frequently used these drugs along with Dazhi Que Dan and others, refining them into Yima Wan. He indulged in lust within the palace, acting immorally, ultimately leading to exile and nearly destroying the state. Even an emperor could be so affected; how much more should those with families take warning?