治风湿脉浮身重，汗出恶风；亦治风水脉浮，其人头汗出，表无他病，但腰以
阴，难以屈伸；又治湿痹麻木。
防己（一两） 甘草（炙半两） 白术（七钱半） 黄 （一两一分） 锉麻豆大，每
抄五钱匕，生
皮中，从腰
阳气，是外
防己茯苓汤桂枝，更兼甘草与黄 。脉浮（浮为表）腹满四肢肿，（满肿为水湿）皮水
阳虚不渴
而没，
肤痛；汉
不须白术
湿）汗出（湿邪
水不恶风为别。
“汉防己太阳经入里之药，泄腠理，疗风水，通治风湿、皮水二证，《金匮》汗出恶风者佐
白术，水气在皮肤中聂聂动者佐桂枝，一以培土，一以和阳，同治表邪，微分标本。”盖水
湿之阳虚，因湿滞于里而汗出，故以白术培土，加姜、枣和中，胃不和再加芍药。皮水之阳
虚，因风水袭于表，内合于肺，故用桂枝解肌散邪，兼固阳气，不须姜、枣以和中也。黄
汤方下云“服药当如虫行皮中，从腰下如冰”，可知其汗仅在上部而不至于下，即用白术内
治其湿，尤必外用被围腰下，接令取汗，以通阳气也。余治太阳腰髀痛，审证参用两方，如
鼓应桴，并识之
治膈间支饮，喘满，心下痞坚，面色黧黑，其脉沉紧，得之数十日，医吐下之不
木防己（三两） 石膏（如鸡子大二枚） 桂枝（二两） 人参（四两） 水六升，煮
取二升，温服
（烊化），微利
木防己汤治支饮，（咳逆倚息不得卧，其形如肿，谓之“支饮”。）喘满痞坚脉沉紧，（支
饮
（
肺
一苦一辛，并用能行水散结。而痞坚之处必有伏阳，吐下之余定无完气，故又加石膏除热，
人参益气。）邪留气分此能平，若连血分还宜讯，可把原方去石膏，加入芒硝茯苓进。消痰
破血后方强，浅深次第医当审。（支饮在气分者，服木防己汤即愈。若饮在血分，深连下焦
，必愈而复发。以其既散复聚，则有坚物留作 囊，故去石膏气分之药，加芒硝消痰结破血
癖，合之茯苓去心下坚，且伐肾邪也。此治支饮浅深次第之法，医宜细审。）
治疗风湿病见脉浮、身体沉重，伴有出汗、怕风的症状；也用于治疗风水病，脉象浮，患者头部出汗，体表没有其他病症，只是腰部发冷，难以屈伸；又用于治疗湿痹引起的麻木。
防己（一两） 甘草（炙半两） 白术（七钱半） 黄芪（一两一分） [注：原文“黄”后缺字，据方名及语境补为“芪”]。将药材锉成如麻豆大小，每次取五钱匕，加水煎煮，去渣取汁温服。服药后感觉像有虫子在皮肤中爬行，这是腰部的阳气得以宣通的表现，说明药力作用于体表。
防己茯苓汤由防己、茯苓、桂枝组成，再加上甘草和黄芪。脉浮表示病在表，腹部胀满、四肢浮肿表示水湿内停。皮水证与风水证的区别在于：皮水证不恶风，且无汗出（因湿邪困阻）。汉防己是入太阳经里层的药物，能泄腠理，治疗风水，通治风湿和皮水两种证候。《金匮要略》中指出：若汗出恶风，则佐以白术；若水气在皮肤中微微跳动，则佐以桂枝。前者是为了培补脾气（土），后者是为了调和阳气，两者都治疗表邪，但在标本缓急上略有区别。
关于水湿导致的阳虚，如果是因湿邪停滞于体内而导致汗出，所以用白术培补脾土，加入生姜、大枣调和脾胃，如果胃气不和再加芍药。关于皮水导致的阳虚，是因为风水侵袭体表，内合于肺，所以用桂枝解肌散邪，兼固护阳气，不需要姜、枣来调和脾胃。黄芪汤方下记载：“服药后应当感觉像虫子在皮肤中爬行，腰部以下像冰一样冷”，这说明汗液仅在上部排出而不到达下部，因此需要用白术从内部治疗湿气，并且必须用被子包裹腰部以下，引导其出汗，以疏通阳气。我治疗太阳经腰痛连及大腿痛时，仔细辨证参用这两个方子，效果如击鼓应槌般迅速，特此记录。
治疗膈间支饮，表现为气喘胸闷，心下痞塞坚硬，面色黧黑，脉象沉紧，病程已有数十日，此前医生误用吐法或下法治疗无效。
木防己（三两） 石膏（如鸡蛋大二枚） 桂枝（二两） 人参（四两）。用水六升，煮取二升，分次温服。服药后若有轻微腹泻（利）则愈。
木防己汤治疗支饮，（咳嗽气逆，倚靠呼吸，不能平卧，形体似肿，称为“支饮”。）出现气喘、胸闷、心下痞硬、脉沉紧的症状。（支饮属阴邪，一苦一辛并用，能够行水散结。而在痞硬之处必有伏热，经过吐下之后正气受损，所以又加石膏清除郁热，用人参补益元气。）邪气停留在气分，此方能平复；如果牵连到血分，还需要进一步诊察。可以将原方去掉石膏，加入芒硝和茯苓。消除痰浊、破除瘀血的方剂力量更强，治疗的深浅次第医生应当审慎判断。（支饮在气分的，服用木防己汤即可痊愈。如果饮邪在血分，深连下焦，虽然暂时痊愈但会复发。因为邪气既已消散又复聚，形成坚硬的积块留作窠囊，所以去掉针对气分的石膏，加入芒硝以消痰结、破血癖，配合茯苓去除心下的坚硬，并攻伐肾邪。这是治疗支饮深浅次第的方法，医生应当仔细审察。）
Treats wind-dampness with floating pulse and heavy body, accompanied by sweating and aversion to wind; also treats wind-water with floating pulse, where the patient has sweating only on the head, no other exterior symptoms, but coldness in the lower back and difficulty in flexion and extension; further treats numbness caused by damp-bi.
Paeleiae Radix (Fangji) (1 liang), Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (half liang), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) (7 qian half), Astragali Radix (Huangqi) (1 liang 1 fen). [Note: Original text "Huang" is incomplete, supplemented as "Qi" based on formula name and context]. Chop the herbs into sizes similar to hemp seeds or beans. Each time take 5 qian bi, decoct with water, strain, and take warm. After taking the medicine, a sensation like insects crawling in the skin is felt; this indicates that the Yang Qi of the waist is being unblocked, showing the medicinal force acting on the exterior.
Fangji Fuling Decoction consists of Paeleiae Radix (Fangji), Poria (Fuling), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi). A floating pulse indicates the pathogen is at the exterior; abdominal fullness and edema of the four limbs indicate water-dampness retention. The difference between Pi Shui (Skin Water) and Feng Shui (Wind Water) lies in: Pi Shui does not involve aversion to wind, and there is no sweating (due to dampness obstructing). Paeleiae Radix (Fangji) is a herb entering the interior of the Taiyang meridian; it drains the interstices, treats wind-water, and generally treats both wind-dampness and pi-shui syndromes. *Jin Gui Yao Lue* states: If there is sweating and aversion to wind, supplement with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu); if water qi trembles slightly in the skin, supplement with Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi). The former aims to strengthen Spleen Earth, the latter to harmonize Yang Qi; both treat exterior pathogens, differing slightly in treating root versus branch.
Regarding Yang deficiency caused by water-dampness: if sweating occurs due to dampness stagnating internally, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) is used to strengthen Spleen Earth, added with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang) and Jujubae Fructus (Dazao) to harmonize Stomach Qi; if Stomach Qi is disharmonious, add Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao). Regarding Yang deficiency caused by Pi Shui: because wind-water attacks the exterior and internally combines with Lung, Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) is used to release the muscle layer and scatter pathogens, while consolidating Yang Qi; Ginger and Jujube are not needed to harmonize the middle. The note under Huangqi Tang says: "After taking the medicine, one should feel like insects crawling in the skin, and the area below the waist feels like ice." This indicates sweat is excreted only from the upper part and does not reach the lower part. Therefore, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) is used to treat dampness internally, and the waist and lower body must be wrapped with blankets externally to induce sweating, thereby unblocking Yang Qi. When I treated pain in the Taiyang meridian extending from the lower back to the thighs, carefully differentiating the syndrome and using these two formulas, the effect was as immediate as striking a drum with a mallet. I record this here.
Treats Zhī Yǐn (Supporting Fluid Retention) in the diaphragm, manifesting as wheezing and chest fullness, epigastric stiffness and hardness, dark facial complexion, and a deep-tight pulse. The condition has persisted for dozens of days, and previous treatments by physicians using emetic or purgative methods were ineffective.
Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Mufangji) (3 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) (two pieces the size of a chicken egg), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) (2 liang), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) (4 liang). Decoct with 6 sheng of water until 2 sheng remain. Take warm. Mild diarrhea after administration indicates cure.
Mu Fangji Tang treats Zhī Yǐn (Supporting Fluid Retention), characterized by coughing and wheezing requiring leaning forward to breathe, inability to lie flat, and swelling-like appearance (defined as "Zhī Yǐn"). Symptoms include wheezing, chest fullness, epigastric stiffness/hardness, and deep-tight pulse. (Zhī Yǐn is a Yin pathogen; using bitter and acrid herbs together promotes fluid movement and dissipates nodules. In areas of stiffness and hardness, latent heat must exist. After vomiting and purging, vital Qi is depleted. Thus, Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) is added to clear heat, and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) to tonify Qi.) If the pathogen remains in the Qi level, this formula can calm it; if it involves the Blood level, further examination is required. One may remove Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) from the original formula and add Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao) and Poria (Fuling). The formula for eliminating phlegm and breaking blood stasis is stronger. Physicians must carefully assess the depth and sequence of treatment. (For Zhī Yǐn in the Qi level, taking Mu Fangji Tang leads to recovery. If the fluid retention is in the Blood level, deeply involving the Lower Jiao, it may recover temporarily but recur. Because the pathogen disperses and re-aggregates, forming hard accumulations acting as nests, Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), a Qi-level herb, is removed. Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao) is added to eliminate phlegm nodules and break blood stasis, combined with Poria (Fuling) to remove epigastric hardness and attack Kidney pathogenic factors. This is the method for treating the depth and sequence of Zhī Yǐn; physicians should examine it carefully.)