自吴氏温病条辨、王氏温热经纬二书行世，而医家始知伤寒自伤寒，温热自温热，然皆言新感温暑居多，
而于伏气温热之理由，尚未发明尽致。兹将历代前哲言伏气温热之因、症、脉、治，一一详述于后。
黄帝内经曰∶冬伤于寒，春必病温。尺肤热甚，脉盛躁者，其脉盛而滑者，病且出也。有病温者，汗出
辄复热，而脉躁疾，不为汗衰，狂言不能食……病名阴阳交，交者死也。故病温，虚甚死。经又曰∶冬伤于寒，
春生瘅热。热病，太阳之脉，色荣颧骨，……与厥阴脉争见者，死期不过三日。少阳之脉，色荣颊前，……与
少阴脉争见者，死期不过三日。热病三日，而气口静，人迎躁者，取之诸阳五十九刺。热病七八日，动喘而弦
者，急刺之。热病七日八日，脉微小，病者溲血，口中干，一半日而死，脉代者一日死。热病已得汗出，
而脉尚躁，喘且复热，勿刺肤，喘甚者死。热病七日八日，脉不躁，躁不散数，后三日中有汗；三日不汗，
四日死；未曾汗者，勿腠刺之。热病不知所痛，耳聋不能自收，口干，阳热甚，阴颇有寒者，热在骨髓，死不
可治。热病已得汗，而脉尚躁盛，此阴脉之极也，死。其得汗而脉静者生。热病者，脉尚躁甚，而不得汗者，
此阳脉之极也，死。脉盛躁，得汗而静者生。凡热病不可刺者有九∶一曰汗不出，大颧发赤，哕者死；二曰泄
而腹满甚者死∶三曰目不明，热不已者死；四曰老人婴儿热而腹满者死；五曰汗大出，呕，下血者死；六曰
舌本烂，热不已者死；七曰咳而衄，汗不出，出不至足者死；八曰髓热者死；九曰热而痉者死，腰折、螈 、
齿噤 也。此九者，不可刺也。当泻其热而出其汗，实其阴以补其不足（廉按∶此二句实治温热之总诀）。此
轩岐之论温热也。
秦越人难经曰∶湿温、温病、热病，……其所苦各不同。湿温之脉，阳濡而弱，阴小而急。温病之脉，
行在诸经，不知何经之动也，各随其经所在而取之。热病之脉，阴阳俱浮，浮之而滑，沉之散涩。又曰∶……
热病在内者，取其会之气穴也（廉按∶腑会太仓，脏会季胁，筋会阳陵泉，髓会枕骨，血会膈俞，骨会大杼，
脉会太渊，气会三焦外一筋直两乳内，此谓八会，为当时治热病者取穴用针之法）。此扁鹊之论温热也。
张长沙伤寒论（张石顽云∶仲景温病、热病诸例，向来混入伤寒六经例中，致使后世有以黄芩白虎汤误
治伤寒者，有以黄芩白虎证误呼伤寒者；良由混次不分，以致蒙昧千古。今将温热诸条，另析此篇，俾学人知
伤寒论自有温热症治也。）曰∶太阳病，发热而渴，不恶寒者，为温病。若发汗已，身灼热者，名曰风温。风
温为病，脉阴阳俱浮，自汗出，身重，多眠睡，鼻息必鼾，语言难出。若被下者，小便不利，直视失溲；若被
火者，微
发黄色，剧则如惊痫，时螈 ；若火熏之，一逆尚引日，再逆促命期。太阳与少阳合病，自下利者，与黄芩汤；
若呕者，黄芩加半夏生姜汤主之。阳明病，脉浮而紧，咽燥口苦，腹满而喘，发热汗出，不恶寒，反恶热，
身重。若发汗则躁，心愦愦，反谵语；若加烧针，必怵惕烦躁不得眠；若下之，则胃中空虚，客气动膈，心中
懊，舌上苔者，栀子豉汤主之。（廉按∶陆氏云∶心中懊 三句，语意当在汗下温针之上。）若脉浮发热，
渴欲饮水，小便不利者，猪苓汤主之。阳明病，汗出多而渴者，不可与猪苓汤，以汗多胃中燥，猪苓汤复利其
小便故也。三阳合病，脉浮大，上关上，但欲眠睡，目合则汗。三阳合病，腹满身重，难以转侧，口不仁，面
垢。谵语遗尿。发汗则谵语，下之则额上生汗，手足逆冷，若自汗出者，白虎汤主之。（廉按∶陆氏云∶白虎
汤主之，语意在汗下之上。）伤寒脉浮滑，此表有寒，里有热，白虎汤主之。伤寒，脉滑而厥者，里有热也，
白虎汤主之。伤寒脉浮，发热无汗，其表不解者，不可与白虎汤；渴欲饮水，无表症者，白虎加人参汤主之。
伤寒无大热，口燥渴，心烦，背微恶寒者，白虎加人参汤主之。伤寒，若吐若下后，七八日不解，热结在里，
表里俱热，时时恶风，口渴，舌上干燥而烦，欲饮水数升者，白虎加人参汤主之。服桂枝汤大汗出后，大烦渴
不解，脉洪大者，白虎加人参汤主之。（以上三阳发温热例）师曰∶伏气之病，以意候之，今月之内，欲有伏
气，假令旧有伏气，当须脉之。若脉微弱者，当喉中痛似伤，非喉痹也，病患云实喉中痛，虽尔，今复下利。
少阴病二三日，咽痛者，可与甘草汤，不瘥者，与桔梗汤。少阴病，下利咽痛，胸满心烦者，猪肤汤主之。少
阴病，得之二三日以上，心中烦，不得卧，黄连阿胶汤主之。少阴病，下利六七日，咳而呕渴，心烦不得眠者，
猪苓汤主之。少阴病，得之二三日，
口燥咽干者，急下之，宜大承汤。（以上少阴发温热例）（廉按∶张石顽曰∶温热自里达表，故三阳合病最多。
发于三阳者易治，发于三阴者难治。然发于三阴者，必有所因，或因冷酒伤脾，或因郁怒伤肝，或因色欲伤肾，
皆元气先伤，伏邪乘虚而发，设用甘温调补，岂不助邪转炽；若行苦寒峻攻，真元立致消亡，虽长沙复起，恐
难为力矣。）湿家，其人但头汗出，背强，欲得被复向火，若下之早，则哕，胸满，小便不利，舌上如苔者，
以丹田有热，胸中有寒，渴欲得饮，而不能饮，则口燥烦也。（廉按∶丹田有热是伏邪，胸中有寒是新感寒湿，
此湿痹之偏于热者，即是湿遏热伏之一证。但头汗出，亦是湿热上蒸，惟背强欲得被复向火，确是新感寒湿。
然必兼一身尽痛，关节烦疼。若纯是寒湿，误下必下利不止而死矣。实因湿未化燥，热未成实，医者下之太早，
故哕而胸满，小便不利矣。张氏石顽主用黄连汤和解其上下之寒热，却是湿温救误之良法，故余仿其例，引为
长沙论湿温之症。）此仲景之论温热也。
王氏伤寒例曰∶冬时严寒，……中而即病者，名曰伤寒。不即病者，寒毒藏于肌肤，至春变为温病，至
夏变为暑病，暑病者，热极重于温也。是以辛苦之人，春夏多温热病者，皆由冬时触寒所致，非时行之气也。若更感
异气，变为他病者（廉按∶异气者，谓伏邪将发未发之际，又感别异之时气，引发伏邪而出也），当根据两感症
病而治之。如脉阴阳俱盛，重感于寒者，变为温疟；阳脉浮滑，阴脉濡弱者，更遇于风，变为风温；阳脉洪数，
阴脉实大者，更遇温热，变为温毒，温毒为病最重也；阳脉濡弱，阴脉弦紧者，更遇瘟气，变为温疫。此叔和之
论温热也。
巢氏诸病源候论曰∶……辛苦之人，春夏必有温热病者，皆由其冬时触冒之所致。有冬月触冒寒毒，伏至
春暖始发病
者；有冬月天时温暖，人感其气，未即发病，至春又被积寒所折，毒瓦斯不得发泄，至夏遇热，温毒始发者。皆
由表里受邪，经络损伤，脏腑俱病也。其候多端，姑言其要∶
（一）温病发斑候∶或已发汗吐下，而表证未罢，毒瓦斯不散，故发斑；温毒发出于肌肤，斑烂隐疹如锦纹
也。
（二）温病烦候∶此由阴气少，阳气多，故身热而烦。其毒瓦斯在于心府而烦者，则令人闷而欲呕；若其胃
内有燥粪而烦者，则谬语而绕脐痛也。
（三）温病狂言候∶邪盛则四肢实，实则能登高而歌。热盛于身，故弃衣而走∶阳盛故妄言骂詈，不避亲
戚，大热遍身，狂言而妄闻视也。
（四）温病嗽候∶邪热客于胸府，上焦有热，其人必饮水∶水停心下，则上乘于肺，故令嗽。
（五）温病呕候∶胃中有热，谷气入胃，与热相并，气逆则呕；或吐下后，饮水多，胃虚冷，亦为呕也。
（六）温病哕侯∶伏热在胃，令人胸满，胸满则气逆，气逆则哕。若大下后，胃气虚冷，亦令致哕。
（七）温病渴候∶热气入于肾谖，肾脏恶燥，热盛则肾燥，肾燥则渴引饮。
（八）温病变成黄候∶发汗不解，温毒瓦斯瘀结在胃，小便为之不利，故变成黄。身如金色。
（九）温毒咽痛候∶热毒在于胸府，……上攻咽喉，故痛，或生疮。
（十）温病毒攻眼候∶肝开窍于目，肝气虚，热毒乘虚上冲于目，故赤痛，重者生疮翳也。
（十一）温病衄候∶肺主气而开窍于鼻，邪热伤于心，故衄。衄者，血从鼻出也。
（十二）温病吐血候∶热毒入，深结于五脏，内有瘀血积，故吐血。
（十三）温病下利候∶风热入于肠胃，故令洞泄；若挟毒，则下黄赤汁及脓血。
（十四）温病脓血利候∶热毒甚者，伤于肠胃，故下脓血如鱼脑，或如烂肉汁，此由温毒瓦斯盛故也。
（十五）温病大便不通候∶脾胃有积热，发汗太过，则津液少，使胃干，结热在内，故大便不通。
（十六）温病小便不通候∶发汗后，津液少，膀胱有结热，……故小便不通。
（十七）温病下部疮候∶热攻肠胃，毒瓦斯既盛，谷气渐衰，故三虫动作，食人五脏，故下部生疮，重者肛
烂。
（十八）温病劳复候∶为病新瘥，津液未复，血气尚虚，因劳动早，更生于热，热气还入经络，复成病也。
故凡梳头洗浴诸劳事等，皆须慎之。
（十九）温病食复候∶凡得温毒病新瘥，脾胃尚虚，谷气未复∶若食犬、猪、羊肉，并肠、血、及肥鱼、
炙脂、腻食，此必大下利，下利则不可复救。又禁食饼饵炙脍，枣栗诸生果，难消物，则不能消化，停积在于
肠胃，便胀满结实，大小便不通，因更发热，复成病也。
（二十）温病阴阳易候∶阴阳易病者，是男子妇人温病新瘥，未平复而与之交接，因得病者，名为阴阳易
也。其男子病新瘥，未平复，而妇人与之交接得病者，名阳易∶其妇人得病虽瘥，未平复，男子与之交接得病
者，名阴易。……其病之状；身体热冲胸，头重不举，眼中生眯，四肢拘急，小腹 痛，手足拳，皆即死。其
亦有不即死者，病苦小腹里急，热上冲胸，头重不欲举，百节解离，经脉缓弱，气血虚，骨髓竭，便恍恍吸吸，气力
转少，着床不能摇动，起居仰人，或引岁月方死。
（二十一）温病交接劳复候∶病虽瘥，阴阳未和，因早犯房室，令人阴肿缩入腹，腹 痛，名为交接之劳复
也。
（二十二）温病瘥后诸病候∶其人先有宿疾，或患虚劳风冷，积聚寒疝等疾，因温热病发汗、吐、下之后，
热邪虽退，而血气损伤，腑脏皆虚，故因兹而生诸病。
（二十三）热病烦候∶此由阳胜于阴，热气独盛，痞结于脏，则三焦隔绝，故身热而烦。
（二十四）热病 疮候∶此由表虚里实，热气盛则发疮，重者周布遍身，若疮色赤头白，则毒轻；色紫黑，
则毒重。其形如登豆，故名登豆疮。
（二十五）热病斑疮候∶夫病在表，或未发汗，或已发汗、吐、下后，表证未解，毒瓦斯不散，烦热而渴，
渴而不能饮，表虚里实，故身体发斑如锦纹。
（二十六）热病热疮候∶表有风湿与热气相搏，则身体生疮痒痛而脓汁出，甚者一瘥一剧。
（二十七）热病口疮候∶此由脾脏有热，冲于上焦，故口生疮。
（二十八）热病咽喉疮候∶上实下虚，热气内盛，熏于咽喉，故生疮。
（二十九）热病大便不通候∶病经发汗，汗出多，则津液少，津液少，则胃干，结热在胃，故大便不通。
又有腑脏自生于热者，此由三焦痞隔，脾胃不和，蓄热在内，亦大便不通也。
（三十）热病小便不通候∶热在膀胱，流于小肠，热盛则脾胃干，津液少，故小便不通。
（三十一）热病下利候∶热气攻于肠胃，胃虚则下赤黄汁，挟毒则成脓血。
（三十二）热病 候∶热气攻于肠胃，则谷气衰，所以三虫动作，食人五脏，及下部，重者肛烂见腑脏。
（三十三）热病毒攻眼候∶肝开窍于目，肝气虚，热毒乘虚则上冲于目，重者生疮翳及赤白膜也。
（三十四）热病毒攻手足候，人五脏六腑井荥俞，皆出于手足指，今毒瓦斯从腑脏而出，循于经络，攻于
手足，故手足指皆肿赤 痛。
（三十五）热病呕候∶胃内有热，则谷气不和，新谷入胃，与热气相搏，胃气不平，故呕。或吐下已后，
脏虚亦令呕也。
（三十六）热病哕候∶伏热在胃，则令人胸满，胸满则气逆，气逆则哕。若大下已后，饮水多，胃内虚冷，
亦令哕也。
（三十七）热病口干候∶此由五脏有虚热，脾胃不和，津液竭少。故口干。
（三十八）热病衄候∶心脏伤热所为也，……肺开窍于鼻，邪热与血气并，故衄。衄者，血从鼻出也。
（三十九）热病劳复候∶夫热病新瘥，津液未复，血气尚虚，因劳动早，劳则生热，热气乘虚还入经络，
故复病也。
（四十）热病后沉滞候∶凡病新瘥后，食猪肉及羊血、肥鱼、脂腻等，必大下利，医所不能复治也，必至
于死。若食饼饵、粢饴哺炙脍、枣栗诸果物，及坚牢难消之物，胃气尚虚弱，不能消化，必结热复病，还以药
下之。此元方之论温热也。
孙氏千金方曰∶风温之病，脉阴阳俱浮，汗出体重，其息必喘，其形状不仁，默默但欲眠，下之者，则
自从吴鞠通的《温病条辨》和王孟英的《温热经纬》两书问世以来，医家们才开始明白伤寒就是伤寒，温热病就是温热病。然而，这两本书大多论述的是新感性的温病和暑病，对于伏气温热病的机理，还没有完全阐明。现在将历代前贤关于伏气温热病的病因、症状、脉象和治疗，一一详细叙述如下。
《黄帝内经》说：冬天感受了寒邪，春天一定会发生温病。尺部皮肤发热严重，脉象盛大躁急的；如果脉象盛大而滑的，说明病邪将要外出。有患温病的，出汗后随即又发热，而且脉象躁急快速，不因出汗而减弱，胡言乱语不能进食……这种病名叫阴阳交，阴阳相交是死证。所以患温病，如果正气极度虚弱就会死亡。经文又说：冬天感受寒邪，春天会产生瘅热（深重的热邪）。热病时，太阳经的脉象，面色在颧骨处发红……如果与厥阴经的脉象同时出现，死亡时间不超过三天。少阳经的脉象，面色在脸颊前方发红……如果与少阴经的脉象同时出现，死亡时间不超过三天。热病三天，寸口脉安静，人迎脉躁动的，取诸阳经的五十九穴进行刺络放血。热病七八天，气喘且脉弦的，紧急针刺。热病七天八天，脉象微小，病人尿血，口中干燥，半天内会死亡；脉象代（间歇）的，一天内死亡。热病已经出汗，但脉象仍然躁动，气喘并且再次发热，不要刺皮肤，气喘严重的会死亡。热病七天八天，脉象不躁动，躁动但不散漫快速，后天会有汗出；三天不出汗，第四天死亡；未曾出汗的，不要刺其腠理。热病不知道疼痛，耳聋不能自主收摄肢体，口干，阳热极盛，阴分却很有寒意，这是热在骨髓，不可治愈。热病已经出汗，但脉象仍然躁动盛大，这是阴脉的极点，死亡。那些出汗后脉象平静的可以生还。热病患者，脉象仍然躁动盛大，但不能出汗的，这是阳脉的极点，死亡。脉象盛大躁动，出汗后变平静的可以生还。凡是热病不可针刺的有九种情况：一是汗不出，大颧发赤，呃逆的死亡；二是腹泻且腹部胀满严重的死亡；三是眼睛视物不明，热势不退的死亡；四是老人婴儿发热且腹部胀满的死亡；五是汗出过多，呕吐，便血的死亡；六是舌根腐烂，热势不退的死亡；七是咳嗽兼鼻出血，汗不出，或者汗出不到足部的死亡；八是髓热的死亡；九是发热并出现痉病（抽搐）的死亡，表现为腰背反折、手足抽搐、牙关紧闭。这九种情况，不可针刺。应当泻其热邪使其出汗，充实其阴液以补其不足（何廉臣按：这两句是治疗温热病的总诀）。这是轩辕和岐伯关于温热的论述。
秦越人（扁鹊）的《难经》说：湿温、温病、热病……病人的痛苦各不相同。湿温的脉象，阳脉濡弱，阴脉细小而急。温病的脉象，流行于各条经脉，不知道哪条经脉受动，要随其经脉所在之处来选取穴位。热病的脉象，阴阳两部都浮，轻取而滑，重按而散涩。又说：……热病在内，取用会穴的气穴（何廉臣按：腑会是太仓即中脘，脏会是季胁即章门，筋会是阳陵泉，髓会是枕骨即风府附近，血会是膈俞，骨会是大杼，脉会是太渊，气会是在三焦外一筋直两乳内的膻中，这叫八会穴，是当时治疗热病者取穴用针的方法）。这是扁鹊关于温热的论述。
张仲景《伤寒论》（张石顽说：仲景关于温病、热病的各种例子，向来被混入伤寒六经的例子中，致使后世有用黄芩汤、白虎汤误治伤寒的，有用黄芩汤、白虎汤证误称为伤寒的；实在是因为混杂次序不分，导致蒙昧千古。现在将温热诸条，单独析出此篇，使学习者知道《伤寒论》自有温热症的治疗方法。）说：太阳病，发热而且口渴，不恶寒的，叫做温病。如果发汗后，身体灼热的，名叫风温。风温为病，脉象阴阳俱浮，自汗出，身体沉重，多睡，鼻息一定打鼾，语言困难。如果被误用攻下法，小便不利，直视失禁大小便；如果被误用火疗，轻微的发黄色，严重的像惊痫，时时抽搐；如果用火熏法，一次误治还能拖延时日，再次误治就加速死亡。太阳与少阳合病，自发下利的，给予黄芩汤；如果有呕吐的，主用黄芩加半夏生姜汤。阳明病，脉浮而紧，咽燥口苦，腹部胀满而喘，发热汗出，不恶寒，反而恶热，身体沉重。如果发汗则烦躁，心中烦闷，反而胡言乱语；如果加用烧针，必定惊恐烦躁不得睡眠；如果攻下，则胃中空虚，客气扰动胸膈，心中懊恼，舌上有苔的，主用栀子豉汤。（何廉臣按：陆氏说：心中懊恼这三句，语意应当在汗、下、温针之上。）如果脉浮发热，渴欲饮水，小便不利的，主用猪苓汤。阳明病，汗出多而且口渴的，不可给予猪苓汤，因为汗多胃中干燥，猪苓汤又会利其小便的缘故。三阳合病，脉浮大，上至关脉，只想睡觉，闭眼就出汗。三阳合病，腹部胀满身体沉重，难以翻身，口不知味，面部油腻。胡言乱语遗尿。发汗则胡言乱语，攻下则额头出汗，手足逆冷，如果自汗出的，主用白虎汤。（何廉臣按：陆氏说：白虎汤主之，语意在汗、下之上。）伤寒脉浮滑，这是表有寒，里有热，主用白虎汤。伤寒，脉滑而四肢厥冷的，是里有热，主用白虎汤。伤寒脉浮，发热无汗，表证未解的，不可给予白虎汤；渴欲饮水，无表证的，主用白虎加人参汤。伤寒没有大热，口燥渴，心烦，背部微微恶寒的，主用白虎加人参汤。伤寒，如果吐如果下之后，七八天病不解，热结在里，表里俱热，时时恶风，口渴，舌上干燥而烦，想喝几升水的，主用白虎加人参汤。服用桂枝汤大汗出后，大烦渴不解，脉洪大的，主用白虎加人参汤。（以上三条是太阳、阳明、少阳发出温热病的例子）老师说：伏气病，凭意候察，在这个月之内，如果有伏气，假如旧有伏气，必须诊脉。如果脉微弱的，应当喉中痛似受伤，不是喉痹，病人说确实喉中痛，虽然如此，现在又下利。少阴病二三天，咽痛的，可给予甘草汤，不好的，给予桔梗汤。少阴病，下利咽痛，胸满心烦的，主用猪肤汤。少阴病，得之二三天以上，心中烦，不得卧，主用黄连阿胶汤。少阴病，下利六七天，咳而呕渴，心烦不得眠的，主用猪苓汤。少阴病，得之二三天，口燥咽干的，急下之，宜用大承气汤。（以上是少阴发出温热病的例子）（何廉臣按：张石顽说：温热病从里达表，所以三阳合病最多。发于三阳的容易治，发于三阴的难治。但是发于三阴的，必有原因，或因冷酒伤脾，或因郁怒伤肝，或因色欲伤肾，都是元气先伤，伏邪乘虚而发，如果使用甘温调补，岂不是助长邪气更加炽盛；如果行苦寒峻攻，真元立刻消亡，即使张仲景复活，恐怕也难以用力了。）湿家（素患湿病的人），其人只是头部出汗，背部强直，想要盖被子靠近火源，如果过早攻下，则呃逆，胸满，小便不利，舌上像有苔的，这是因为丹田有热，胸中有寒，渴欲饮水，却不能饮，所以口燥烦。（何廉臣按：丹田有热是伏邪，胸中有寒是新感寒湿，这是湿痹偏于热的，即是湿遏热伏的一种证候。只是头部出汗，也是湿热上蒸，只有背部强直想要盖被子靠近火源，确是新感寒湿。但是必须兼有一身尽痛，关节烦疼。如果是纯寒湿，误下必然下利不止而死。实在是因为湿未化燥，热未成实，医者攻下太早，所以呃逆而胸满，小便不利。张石顽主张用黄连汤和解上下之寒热，却是湿温救误的好方法，所以我仿照他的例子，引为张仲景论述湿温病症。）这是张仲景关于温热的论述。
王叔和《伤寒例》说：冬天严寒……中邪立即发病的，名叫伤寒。不立即发病的，寒毒藏在肌肤，到春天变为温病，到夏天变为暑病，暑病，热极重于温病。所以辛苦劳作的人，春夏多得温热病，都是由冬天触寒所致，不是时行之气。如果再感受异气，变为其他病的（何廉臣按：异气，是指伏邪将要发作尚未发作之际，又感受别异之时气，引发伏邪而出），应当根据两感病症而治疗。如脉阴阳俱盛，重感于寒的，变为温疟；阳脉浮滑，阴脉濡弱的，更遇于风的，变为风温；阳脉洪数，阴脉实大的，更遇温热的，变为温毒，温毒为病最重；阳脉濡弱，阴脉弦紧的，更遇瘟气的，变为温疫。这是王叔和关于温热的论述。
巢元方《诸病源候论》说：……辛苦劳作的人，春夏一定有温热病，都是由他们冬天触犯所致。有冬天触犯寒毒，潜伏到春暖才发病的；有冬天天时温暖，人感受其气，未立即发病，到春天又被积寒所折，毒瓦斯不得发泄，到夏天遇热，温毒才发的。都是由表里受邪，经络损伤，脏腑俱病。其症状多种多样，姑且说其主要内容：
（一）温病发斑候：或者已经发汗吐下，而表证未罢，毒瓦斯不散，所以发斑；温毒发出于肌肤，斑烂隐疹像锦纹一样。
（二）温病烦候：这是由于阴气少，阳气多，所以身热而烦。其毒瓦斯在心府的则令人闷而想呕；如果在胃内有燥粪而烦的，则胡言乱语且绕脐痛。
（三）温病狂言候：邪盛则四肢实，实则能登高而歌。热盛于身，所以弃衣而走；阳盛故妄言骂詈，不避亲戚，大热遍身，狂言而妄闻妄见。
（四）温病嗽候：邪热客于胸府，上焦有热，其人必饮水；水停心下，则上乘于肺，所以令咳嗽。
（五）温病呕候：胃中有热，谷气入胃，与热相并，气逆则呕；或者吐下后，饮水多，胃虚冷，也导致呕。
（六）温病哕候：伏热在胃，令人胸满，胸满则气逆，气逆则呃逆。如果大下后，胃气虚冷，也导致呃逆。
（七）温病渴候：热气入于肾脏，肾脏恶燥，热盛则肾燥，肾燥则渴引饮。
（八）温病变成黄候：发汗不解，温毒瓦斯瘀结在胃，小便为之不利，所以变成黄疸。身如金色。
（九）温毒咽痛候：热毒在于胸府，……上攻咽喉，所以痛，或者生疮。
（十）温病毒攻眼候：肝开窍于目，肝气虚，热毒乘虚上冲于目，所以赤痛，重的生疮翳。
（十一）温病衄候：肺主气而开窍于鼻，邪热伤心，所以衄血。衄，是血从鼻出。
（十二）温病吐血候：热毒入，深结于五脏，内有瘀血积，所以吐血。
（十三）温病下利候：风热入于肠胃，所以令洞泄；如果挟毒，则下黄赤汁及脓血。
（十四）温病脓血利候：热毒甚的，伤于肠胃，所以下脓血像鱼脑，或者像烂肉汁，这是由温毒瓦斯盛的原因。
（十五）温病大便不通候：脾胃有积热，发汗太过，则津液少，使胃干，结热在内，所以大便不通。
（十六）温病小便不通候：发汗后，津液少，膀胱有结热，……所以小便不通。
（十七）温病下部疮候：热攻肠胃，毒瓦斯既盛，谷气渐衰，所以三虫动作，食人五脏，所以下部生疮，重的肛烂。
（十八）温病劳复候：为病刚愈，津液未复，血气尚虚，因劳动过早，更生热，热气还入经络，又成病。所以凡梳头洗浴诸劳事等，都必须谨慎。
（十九）温病食复候：凡是得温毒病刚愈，脾胃尚虚，谷气未复；如果吃狗、猪、羊肉，以及肠、血、肥鱼、烤脂、腻食，这必然大下利，下利则不可复救。又禁食饼饵烤脍，枣栗诸生果，难消物，则不能消化，停积在于肠胃，便胀满结实，大小便不通，因而更发热，又成病。
（二十）温病阴阳易候：阴阳易病，是男子妇人温病刚愈，未平复而与之交接，因得病的，名叫阴阳易。那男子病刚愈，未平复，而妇人与之交接得病的，名阳易；那妇人得病虽愈，未平复，男子与之交接得病的，名阴易。……其病的状况：身体热冲胸，头重不能举，眼中生眯，四肢拘急，小腹绞痛，手足拳曲，都立即死亡。也有不立即死的，病苦小腹里急，热上冲胸，头重不想举，百节解离，经脉缓弱，气血虚，骨髓竭，便恍恍惚惚，气息微弱，气力转少，着床不能摇动，起居靠人，或者拖延岁月才死。
（二十一）温病交接劳复候：病虽愈，阴阳未和，因早犯房室，令人阴肿缩入腹，腹痛，名叫交接之劳复。
（二十二）温病瘥后诸病候：其人先有宿疾，或患虚劳风冷，积聚寒疝等疾，因温热病发汗、吐、下之后，热邪虽退，而血气损伤，腑脏皆虚，所以因此而生诸病。
（二十三）热病烦候：这是由于阳胜于阴，热气独盛，痞结于脏，则三焦隔绝，所以身热而烦。
（二十四）热病痘疮候：这是由于表虚里实，热气盛则发疮，重的周布遍身，如果疮色赤头白，则毒轻；色紫黑，则毒重。其形像登豆，故名登豆疮。
（二十五）热病斑疮候：夫病在表，或未发汗，或已发汗、吐、下后，表证未解，毒瓦斯不散，烦热而渴，渴而不能饮，表虚里实，所以身体发斑像锦纹。
（二十六）热病热疮候：表有风湿与热气相搏，则身体生疮痒痛而脓汁出，重的每好一次就加重一次。
（二十七）热病口疮候：这是由于脾脏有热，冲于上焦，所以口生疮。
（二十八）热病咽喉疮候：上实下虚，热气内盛，熏于咽喉，所以生疮。
（二十九）热病大便不通候：病经发汗，汗出多，则津液少，津液少，则胃干，结热在胃，所以大便不通。又有腑脏自生于热的，这是由三焦痞隔，脾胃不和，蓄热在内，也大便不通。
（三十）热病小便不通候：热在膀胱，流于小肠，热盛则脾胃干，津液少，所以小便不通。
（三十一）热病下利候：热气攻于肠胃，胃虚则下赤黄汁，挟毒则成脓血。
（三十二）热病蛲蛔候：热气攻于肠胃，则谷气衰，所以三虫动作，食人五脏，及下部，重的肛烂见腑脏。
（三十三）热病毒攻眼候：肝开窍于目，肝气虚，热毒乘虚则上冲于目，重的生疮翳及赤白膜。
（三十四）热病毒攻手足候，人五脏六腑井荥俞，都出于手足指，今毒瓦斯从腑脏而出，循于经络，攻于手足，所以手足指皆肿赤痛。
（三十五）热病呕候：胃内有热，则谷气不和，新谷入胃，与热气相搏，胃气不平，所以呕。或者吐下已后，脏虚也令呕。
（三十六）热病哕候：伏热在胃，则令人胸满，胸满则气逆，气逆则呃逆。如果大下已后，饮水多，胃内虚冷，也令呃逆。
（三十七）热病口干候：这是由于五脏有虚热，脾胃不和，津液竭少。所以口干。
（三十八）热病衄候：心脏伤热所为，……肺开窍于鼻，邪热与血气并，所以衄血。衄，是血从鼻出。
（三十九）热病劳复候：夫热病刚愈，津液未复，血气尚虚，因劳动过早，劳则生热，热气乘虚还入经络，所以复病。
（四十）热病后沉滞候：凡病刚愈后，吃猪肉及羊血、肥鱼、脂腻等，必大下利，医所不能复治，必至于死。如果吃饼饵、粢饴哺炙脍、枣栗诸果物，及坚牢难消之物，胃气尚虚弱，不能消化，必结热复病，还以药下之。这是元方关于温热的论述。
Since the publication of Wu Jutong's *Wenbing Tiaobian* (Treatise on Warm Diseases) and Wang Mengying's *Wenre Jingwei* (Compendium of Warm and Heat Diseases), physicians have come to understand that Shanghan (Cold Damage) is distinct from Wenre (Warm-Heat diseases). However, these works mostly discuss newly contracted warm and summerheat diseases, leaving the mechanisms of latent warm-heat diseases unelucidated. Herein, the etiology, symptoms, pulse patterns, and treatments of latent warm-heat diseases as described by past sages are detailed below.
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon) states: "If one is injured by cold in winter, one will inevitably suffer from warm disease in spring." If the skin at the chi position is severely hot, and the pulse is vigorous and restless; or if the pulse is vigorous and slippery, it indicates that the pathogen is about to exit. In cases of warm disease, if sweating is followed immediately by recurrent fever, and the pulse remains rapid and restless without subsiding due to sweat, accompanied by delirium and inability to eat... this condition is named Yin-Yang Jiao (Intersection of Yin and Yang), which is fatal. Thus, if a patient with warm disease has extreme deficiency, they will die. The canon further states: "Injury by cold in winter leads to Danre (intense heat) in spring." In heat diseases, if the Taiyang (Greater Yang) pulse presents with redness on the cheekbones... and appears simultaneously with the Jueyin (Terminal Yin) pulse, death will occur within three days. If the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) pulse presents with redness on the cheeks... and appears simultaneously with the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) pulse, death will occur within three days. On the third day of heat disease, if the cunkou (radial) pulse is calm but the renying (carotid) pulse is restless, apply the fifty-nine acupuncture points of the Yang channels. On the seventh or eighth day, if the patient is panting and the pulse is wiry, urgent needling is required. On the seventh or eighth day, if the pulse is minute and small, the patient has hematuria and dry mouth, death will occur within half a day; if the pulse is intermittent (Dai), death will occur within one day. If heat disease has produced sweat but the pulse remains restless, with panting and recurrent fever, do not needle the skin; severe panting indicates death. On the seventh or eighth day, if the pulse is not restless, or if it is restless but not scattered and rapid, sweat may appear after three days; if no sweat appears after three days, death occurs on the fourth day; if no sweat has occurred, do not needle the couli (pores). If the patient with heat disease cannot localize pain, suffers from deafness and inability to control limbs, has a dry mouth, extreme Yang heat, yet significant Yin cold, the heat is in the bone marrow and is incurable. If heat disease has produced sweat but the pulse remains vigorous and restless, this represents the extreme of Yin pulses and is fatal. Those who sweat and have a calm pulse will survive. If the patient has heat disease with a vigorous and restless pulse but cannot sweat, this represents the extreme of Yang pulses and is fatal. A vigorous and restless pulse that becomes calm after sweating indicates survival. There are nine types of heat disease where needling is contraindicated: 1. No sweat, redness on the malar bones, and hiccups indicate death; 2. Diarrhea with severe abdominal fullness indicates death; 3. Unclear vision with persistent heat indicates death; 4. Fever and abdominal fullness in the elderly or infants indicate death; 5. Profuse sweating, vomiting, and bloody stool indicate death; 6. Ulceration of the tongue root with persistent heat indicates death; 7. Coughing with epistaxis, no sweat, or sweat failing to reach the feet indicates death; 8. Marrow heat indicates death; 9. Fever with spasms (Jing), characterized by opisthotonos, convulsions, and lockjaw, indicates death. These nine conditions are not to be needled. One should drain the heat to induce sweat and tonify the Yin to compensate for deficiency (He Lianchen notes: These two sentences are the general principle for treating warm-heat diseases). This is the discourse on warm-heat by Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) and Qibo.
Qin Yueren (Bian Que) in the *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: Wet-warmth, warm disease, and heat disease... each causes different suffering. The pulse of wet-warmth is soggy and weak in the Yang positions, and small and rapid in the Yin positions. The pulse of warm disease flows through various meridians, making it difficult to identify the affected meridian; treatment should follow the location of the meridian involved. The pulse of heat disease is floating in both Yin and Yang positions; superficially it is slippery, deeply it is scattered and choppy. It also states: ...For internal heat disease, select the Hui-Meeting (Convergence) acupoints (He Lianchen notes: The Hui-Meeting of the Fu organs is Zhongwan (CV12), Zang organs is Zhangmen (LR13), tendons is Yanglingquan (GB34), marrow is Fengfu (GV16), blood is Geshu (BL17), bones is Dazhu (BL11), vessels is Taiyuan (LU9), and Qi is Danzhong (CV17); these are the Eight Hui-Meeting points, used by practitioners of that era for needling in heat disease). This is Bian Que's discourse on warm-heat.
Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) (Zhang Shiweng comments: Examples of warm and heat diseases by Zhongjing have traditionally been mixed into the Six Meridians framework of Shanghan, leading later generations to mistakenly use Huangqin Tang or Baihu Tang to treat Shanghan, or mislabel Huangqin/Baihu patterns as Shanghan. This confusion has obscured knowledge for millennia. Now, these warm-heat clauses are extracted into this section so students may recognize that *Shanghan Lun* contains specific treatments for warm-heat syndromes.) states: In Taiyang disease, if there is fever, thirst, and aversion to cold is absent, it is called Warm Disease. If, after sweating, the body becomes burning hot, it is named Wind-Warmth. In Wind-Warmth, the pulse is floating in both Yin and Yang positions, there is spontaneous sweating, heaviness of the body, excessive sleepiness, snoring breath, and difficulty speaking. If purgatives are incorrectly used, there will be urinary difficulty, fixed gaze, and incontinence; if fire therapy is incorrectly applied, mild cases result in yellowish discoloration, while severe cases resemble epilepsy with convulsions; if moxibustion or firing needles are used, one error may prolong the illness, but a second error will hasten death. In combined Taiyang and Shaoyang disease with spontaneous diarrhea, administer Huangqin Tang; if vomiting is present, Huangqin Jie Banxia Shengjiang Tang is indicated. In Yangming disease, the pulse is floating and tight, with dry throat, bitter taste, abdominal fullness, panting, fever, sweating, absence of aversion to cold, and preference for heat, along with body heaviness. If sweating is induced, restlessness, mental confusion, and delirium may occur; if firing needles are added, fearfulness, irritability, and insomnia result; if purgatives are used, the stomach becomes empty, allowing hostile qi to disturb the diaphragm, causing mental agitation and coating on the tongue, treated with Zhizi Chi Tang (He Lianchen notes: Lu’s commentary suggests the phrase regarding mental agitation applies prior to sweating, purging, or warming needles). If the pulse is floating with fever, thirst for water, and urinary difficulty, Zhu Ling Tang is indicated. In Yangming disease, if there is profuse sweating and thirst, Zhu Ling Tang is contraindicated because profuse sweating dries the stomach, and Zhu Ling Tang would further deplete fluids via urination. In combined Three-Yang disease, the pulse is large and floating at the guan position, with somnolence and sweating upon closing the eyes. In another presentation of combined Three-Yang disease, there is abdominal fullness, body heaviness, difficulty turning over, insensitivity of the mouth, greasy face, delirium, and urinary incontinence. If sweating is induced, delirium worsens; if purged, sweat appears only on the forehead with cold extremities; if there is spontaneous sweating, Baihu Tang is indicated (He Lianchen notes: Lu’s commentary suggests "Baihu Tang is indicated" applies prior to sweating or purging). In Shanghan, if the pulse is floating and slippery, indicating exterior cold and interior heat, Baihu Tang is indicated. In Shanghan, if the pulse is slippery with cold extremities, it indicates interior heat, treated with Baihu Tang. In Shanghan, if the pulse is floating with fever and no sweat, and the exterior syndrome is unresolved, Baihu Tang is contraindicated; if there is thirst for water and no exterior syndrome, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang is indicated. In Shanghan, if there is no high fever but dry mouth/thirst, irritability, and slight aversion to cold on the back, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang is indicated. In Shanghan, if after emesis or purgation, the disease persists for seven to eight days with heat結结 in the interior, presenting with exterior-interior heat, occasional aversion to wind, thirst, dry tongue, agitation, and desire to drink several liters of water, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang is indicated. After taking Guizhi Tang results in profuse sweating, if severe agitation and thirst persist with a洪大 (surging-large) pulse, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang is indicated (These three examples illustrate warm-heat emerging from the Three Yang). The Master says: Latent Qi disease is diagnosed by intuition. Within this month, if latent Qi is suspected, examine the pulse. If latent Qi exists, a weak pulse suggests sore throat resembling injury, but not Hou Bi (sore throat obstruction); the patient reports true throat pain, yet now also has diarrhea. In Shaoyin disease lasting two to three days with sore throat, Gancao Tang may be given; if ineffective, Jiegeng Tang is used. In Shaoyin disease with diarrhea, sore throat, chest fullness, and irritability, Zhufu Tang is indicated. In Shaoyin disease lasting more than two to three days, with irritability and inability to sleep, Huanglian Ejiao Tang is indicated. In Shaoyin disease with diarrhea for six to seven days, cough, vomiting, thirst, irritability, and insomnia, Zhu Ling Tang is indicated. In Shaoyin disease lasting two to three days, with dry mouth and throat, urgent purgation is required using Dachengqi Tang (These examples illustrate warm-heat emerging from Shaoyin) (He Lianchen notes: Zhang Shiweng says: Warm-heat moves from interior to exterior, so combined Three-Yang disease is most common. Emerging from Three Yang is easier to treat; emerging from Three Yin is difficult. However, emergence from Three Yin must have a cause, such as spleen injury from cold wine, liver injury from anger, or kidney injury from sexual excess, all damaging Yuan Qi and allowing latent pathogens to emerge. Using sweet-warm tonification would exacerbate the pathogen; using bitter-cold harsh purgation would destroy Yuan Qi. Even if Zhang Zhongjing were alive, he might struggle. ) For patients with chronic dampness, if only the head sweats, the back is stiff, and they desire covering and warmth near fire, premature purgation leads to hiccups, chest fullness, and urinary difficulty, with a tongue coating resembling moss. This is due to heat in the Dantian and cold in the chest. Thirst for drinking exists, but intake is impossible, causing dry mouth and irritability (He Lianchen notes: Heat in Dantian is latent pathogen; cold in chest is new contraction of cold-damp. This is a damp-bi syndrome biased toward heat, i.e., dampness suppressing latent heat. Head sweating is damp-heat steaming upward. Back stiffness and desire for warmth confirm new cold-damp. Combined with whole-body pain and joint discomfort, pure cold-damp mis-purged leads to fatal diarrhea. Because dampness has not transformed to dryness and heat has not solidified, premature purgation causes hiccups, chest fullness, and urinary difficulty. Zhang Shiweng advocates Huanglian Tang to harmonize upper/lower cold-heat, a good method for correcting wet-warmth errors. I follow his example, citing Zhang Zhongjing’s discussion on wet-warmth.) This is Zhang Zhongjing’s discourse on warm-heat.
Wang Shuhe’s *Shanghan Li* states: In deep winter cold... those who fall ill immediately are diagnosed with Shanghan. Those who do not fall ill immediately harbor cold toxicity in the skin and muscles, transforming into warm disease in spring and summerheat disease in summer. Summerheat disease is more intense than warm disease. Thus, laborers often suffer warm-heat diseases in spring and summer due to winter cold exposure, not due to epidemic qi. If additionally exposed to abnormal qi, transforming into other diseases (He Lianchen notes: Abnormal qi refers to seasonal qi encountered when latent pathogen is about to emerge, triggering its release), treat according to Lianggan (Double Contraction) principles. If both Yin and Yang pulses are full and heavy cold is contracted again, it transforms into Wen Nüe (Warm Malaria); if Yang pulse is floating-slippery and Yin pulse is soggy-weak with wind exposure, it transforms into Feng Wen (Wind Warmth); if Yang pulse is surging-numerous and Yin pulse is solid-large with warm exposure, it transforms into Wen Du (Warm Toxicity), the most severe form; if Yang pulse is soggy-weak and Yin pulse is wiry-tight with plague qi exposure, it transforms into Wen Yi (Warm Epidemic). This is Wang Shuhe’s discourse on warm-heat.
Chao Yuanfang’s *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (General Treatise on Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases) states: Laborers inevitably suffer warm-heat diseases in spring and summer due to winter exposure. Some contract cold toxicity in winter and manifest in spring warmth; some contract warm qi in winter without immediate manifestation, are suppressed by accumulated cold in spring preventing toxin release, and then manifest as Wen Du in summer upon heat exposure. All result from exterior-interior pathogen invasion, meridian damage, and Zang-Fu dysfunction. Symptoms are manifold; here are the essentials:
(1) Warm Disease Eruption Syndrome: After sweating, vomiting, or purging, if exterior signs persist and toxins remain undispersed, eruptions appear; Wen Du erupts on skin as macules and rashes resembling brocade patterns.
(2) Warm Disease Irritability Syndrome: Due to deficient Yin and abundant Yang, causing fever and irritability. If toxins reside in the Heart mansion,胸闷 (chest oppression) and nausea occur; if dry feces in the Stomach cause irritability, delirium and periumbilical pain result.
(3) Warm Disease Delirium Syndrome: Excess pathogen leads to solid extremities, enabling climbing and singing. Body heat causes discarding clothes and running; Yang excess causes cursing relatives indiscriminately, widespread high fever, delirium, and hallucinations.
(4) Warm Disease Cough Syndrome: Evil heat lodges in the Chest mansion, heating the Upper Jiao, causing thirst. Water stagnating below the heart ascends to the Lungs, inducing cough.
(5) Warm Disease Vomiting Syndrome: Heat in the Stomach combines with food qi, causing rebellious Qi and vomiting; or post-emesis/purgation, excessive water intake with cold-deficient Stomach causes vomiting.
(6) Warm Disease Hiccups Syndrome: Latent heat in Stomach causes chest fullness, rebellious Qi, and hiccups. Post-severe purgation, cold-deficient Stomach also causes hiccups.
(7) Warm Disease Thirst Syndrome: Heat enters the Kidneys; Kidneys dislike dryness. Severe heat dries Kidneys, causing intense thirst and drinking.
(8) Warm Disease Jaundice Syndrome: Unresolved sweating allows Wen Du toxins to stagnate in Stomach, obstructing urination, leading to jaundice with golden-yellow skin.
(9) Wen Du Sore Throat Syndrome: Heat toxins in Chest mansion attack the throat, causing pain or ulcers.
(10) Wen Du Eye Attack Syndrome: Liver opens to eyes. Liver Qi deficiency allows heat toxins to ascend, causing redness, pain, and potentially ulcers/pterygium.
(11) Warm Disease Epistaxis Syndrome: Lungs govern Qi and open to nose. Evil heat injures Heart, causing epistaxis (nosebleed).
(12) Warm Disease Hematemesis Syndrome: Deep heat toxins lodge in Five Zang, causing blood stasis accumulation and vomiting blood.
(13) Warm Disease Diarrhea Syndrome: Wind-heat enters intestines/stomach causing watery diarrhea; if toxic, yellow-red juice and pus-blood pass.
(14) Warm Disease Pus-Blood Diarrhea Syndrome: Severe heat toxins injure intestines/stomach, passing pus-blood like fish brains or rotten meat juice due to abundant Wen Du toxins.
(15) Warm Disease Constipation Syndrome: Accumulated heat in Spleen/Stomach, excessive sweating depleting fluids, drying Stomach and trapping heat internally, causing constipation.
(16) Warm Disease Urinary Retention Syndrome: Post-sweating fluid depletion causes heat knot in Bladder, leading to urinary retention.
(17) Warm Disease Genital Ulcer Syndrome: Heat attacks intestines/stomach; as toxins rise and grain qi declines, three parasites move, consuming Zang organs, causing genital ulcers or anal rot.
(18) Warm Disease Labor Relapse Syndrome: Upon recovery, fluids are not restored and Qi/Blood are weak. Early labor generates heat, which re-enters meridians, causing relapse. Care must be taken with combing hair or bathing.
(19) Warm Disease Dietary Relapse Syndrome: Upon recovery, Spleen/Stomach are weak and grain qi not restored. Eating dog, pig, mutton, intestines, blood, fatty fish, roasted fat, or greasy foods causes severe diarrhea, which is incurable. Avoid cakes, raw fruits, and hard-to-digest items to prevent stagnation, fullness, constipation, and recurrent fever.
(20) Warm Disease Yin-Yang Exchange Syndrome: Occurs when men or women engage in intercourse shortly after recovering from warm disease before full restoration. If a man transmits to a woman, it is Yang Exchange; if a woman transmits to a man, it is Yin Exchange. Symptoms include heat rushing to chest, heavy head, eye discharge, limb spasm, abdominal cramping, clenched hands/feet, leading to immediate death. Survivors suffer abdominal urgency, chest heat rush, heavy head, joint separation, weak meridians, depleted Qi/Blood/Marrow, lethargy, weakness, inability to move, requiring assistance, possibly dying after months.
(21) Warm Disease Sexual Activity Labor Relapse Syndrome: Illness resolved but Yin-Yang not harmonized. Early sexual activity causes genital swelling retracting into abdomen and abdominal pain.
(22) Warm Disease Post-Recovery Various Syndromes: Patients with pre-existing conditions (consumption, wind-cold, accumulations, cold colic) suffer Qi/Blood damage and Zang-Fu deficiency after sweating/vomiting/purging for warm disease, even if heat retreats, leading to various post-recovery illnesses.
(23) Heat Disease Irritability Syndrome: Yang exceeds Yin, heat alone prevails, blocking Zang and isolating Sanjiao, causing fever and irritability.
(24) Heat Disease Pox Syndrome: Exterior deficiency with interior excess. Strong heat causes pox. Widespread pox with red heads and white bases indicate mild toxicity; purple-black indicates severe toxicity. Resembling adzuki beans, hence named Dengdou Chuang.
(25) Heat Disease Macule-Pox Syndrome: Disease in exterior, whether unsweated or post-sweat/vomit/purge, if exterior signs persist and toxins remain, irritability, thirst, and inability to drink occur. Exterior deficiency/interior excess causes brocade-like macules.
(26) Heat Disease Hot Sore Syndrome: Exterior wind-damp combats heat, causing itchy, painful sores with pus. Severity fluctuates.
(27) Heat Disease Mouth Ulcer Syndrome: Heat in Spleen ascends to Upper Jiao, causing oral ulcers.
(28) Heat Disease Pharyngeal Ulcer Syndrome: Upper excess, lower deficiency, internal heat steams pharynx, causing ulcers.
(29) Heat Disease Constipation Syndrome: Profuse sweating depletes fluids, drying Stomach and trapping heat, causing constipation. Internal organ heat generation due to Sanjiao blockage and Spleen-Stomach disharmony also causes constipation.
(30) Heat Disease Urinary Retention Syndrome: Heat in Bladder flows to Small Intestine. Severe heat dries Spleen-Stomach and depletes fluids, causing retention.
(31) Heat Disease Diarrhea Syndrome: Heat attacks intestines/stomach. Stomach deficiency causes red-yellow discharge; toxicity causes pus-blood.
(32) Heat Disease Parasite Syndrome: Heat attacks intestines/stomach, declining grain qi, activating three parasites that consume Zang organs and lower body, causing anal rot.
(33) Heat Disease Eye Attack Syndrome: Liver opens to eyes. Deficiency allows heat toxins to ascend, causing ulcers, pterygium, and red-white membranes.
(34) Heat Disease Hand-Foot Attack Syndrome: Jing-River-Shu points of Zang-Fu emerge in fingers/toes. Toxins exit organs, travel meridians, attack extremities, causing swelling, redness, and pain.
(35) Heat Disease Vomiting Syndrome: Stomach heat disrupts food qi. New food combines with heat, disturbing Stomach Qi, causing vomiting. Post-emesis/purge organ deficiency also causes vomiting.
(36) Heat Disease Hiccups Syndrome: Latent heat in Stomach causes chest fullness, rebellious Qi, and hiccups. Post-purge excessive water intake with cold-deficient Stomach also causes hiccups.
(37) Heat Disease Dry Mouth Syndrome: Deficient heat in Five Zang and Spleen-Stomach disharmony deplete fluids, causing dry mouth.
(38) Heat Disease Epistaxis Syndrome: Caused by Heart heat injury. Lung opens to nose; evil heat combines with Qi/Blood, causing nosebleed.
(39) Heat Disease Labor Relapse Syndrome: Post-recovery fluid/Qi/Blood deficiency. Early labor generates heat, which re-enters meridians, causing relapse.
(40) Heat Disease Post-Illness Stagnation Syndrome: Post-recovery consumption of pork, sheep blood, fatty fish, or greasy foods causes severe diarrhea, incurable and fatal. Consumption of cakes, sweets, raw fruits, or hard foods with weak Stomach Qi causes indigestion, heat knot, and relapse, requiring purgation. This is Yuan Fang’s discourse on warm-heat.
Sun Simiao’s *Qianjin Fang* states: In Wind-Warmth, the pulse is floating in both Yin and Yang positions, sweating with body heaviness, panting breathing, numbness/unresponsiveness, silent somnolence. If purged, then