《肘后》辨脾胃所伤变易形法∶凡诸脾脉，微洪伤苦涩物，经云∶咸胜苦。微涩伤辣
辛物，经云∶苦胜辛。微滑伤腥咸物，经云∶甘胜咸。洪缓伤甜烂物，经云∶酸胜甘。弦紧
伤酸硬物，经云∶辛胜酸。微弦伤冷硬物，经云∶温以克之。微迟伤冷痰积恶物
，经云∶温胃化痰。饮食过多，胀痞不下，寻常率以破气之药投之。(伤食恶食，必有噫腐
吞酸
之候。)是食物既伤之前，药剂又攻之于后，脾气安得而健畅也。必须以平补之药为主，佐
以他药，一升一降，使脾肾交通，而水火既济，自然腐化矣。
治积之法，理气为先，气既升降，津液流畅，积聚何由而生。丹溪乃谓气无形而不能
作块成
聚，只一消痰破血为主误矣。天地间有形之物，每自无中生，何止积聚也。戴复庵以一味
大七气汤，(调气和血，使其升降自如，津液周流，灌溉脏腑，无滞窒则积聚不攻而自化
矣。)治一
切积聚，其知此道欤。肝积肥气，用前汤煎熟待冷，却以铁器烧通红，以药淋之，乘热服。
肺积息
贲，用前汤加桑白皮、半夏、杏仁各五分。心积伏梁，用前汤加石菖蒲半夏各五分
。脾之积痞气，用前汤下红丸子。肾之积奔豚，用前汤倍桂加茴香炒楝子肉各五分。
今人治一切气疾，止知求之脾肺，而不知求之肾，所以鲜效。夫肾间动气，为五脏六腑
之本，十
二经脉之根，呼吸之门，三焦之原。房劳过度，或禀受素弱，肾经不足，气无管束，遂多
郁滞
，是生诸疾。(诸气 郁，皆属于肺。气主煦之，若郁结不舒，气机凝滞，血亦因之痹塞，
则诸
病生矣，故百病皆生于郁，是其明证)。医者以为是当理气，壳朴、香附、乌药之类，杂然
而前陈，
而气愈不可理矣。宣之泄之，以快药下之，而人之死者过半矣。于是医之中见稍高者，以为
脾虚不能运化精微之故，而从事于补脾。然仅可以苟延岁月，而多至于因循蹉跎而不救。此
不知补肾之过也。宜以破故纸、茴香子、葫芦巴之类主之。气药内须兼用和血之药佐之，盖
未有气滞而血能和者，血不和则气益滞矣。
《肘后备急方》中辨别脾胃受伤后变化形态的方法：凡是脾脉呈现微洪象，是损伤了苦涩性质的食物，经书说：咸味能克制苦味。脉象微涩，是损伤了辛辣性质的食物，经书说：苦味能克制辛味。脉象微滑，是损伤了腥咸性质的食物，经书说：甘味能克制咸味。脉象洪缓，是损伤了甜腻腐烂的食物，经书说：酸味能克制甘味。脉象弦紧，是损伤了酸硬性质的食物，经书说：辛味能克制酸味。脉象微弦，是损伤了生冷坚硬的食物，经书说：用温性药物来克制它。脉象微迟，是损伤了冷痰积滞的恶浊食物，经书说：温胃化痰。饮食过量，导致腹胀痞满、无法进食，通常人们都用破气类的药物治疗。（伤食且厌恶食物时，必然伴有嗳气带有腐臭味、吞酸的症状。）这是在食物已经受伤之前，又在之后用药物攻伐，脾气怎么能保持健康通畅呢？必须以平和补益的药物为主，辅以其他药物，一升一降，使脾肾交通，水火既济，食物自然就能消化腐熟。
治疗积聚病的方法，以调理气机为先，气机既然升降有序，津液流畅，积聚又从何而生？丹溪却认为气是无形的，不能形成块状积聚，只以消痰破血为主，这是错误的。天地间有形的物体，往往从无中生有，何止积聚病如此呢？戴复庵只用一味大七气汤（调和气血，使其升降自如，津液周流全身，灌溉脏腑，没有阻滞，那么积聚不攻自化），来治疗一切积聚病，他是懂得这个道理的。肝之积名为肥气，用前面提到的汤剂煎好待冷却后，用铁器烧得通红，将药淋在热铁上，趁热服用。肺之积名为息贲，用前面提到的汤剂加桑白皮、半夏、杏仁各五分。心之积名为伏梁，用前面提到的汤剂加石菖蒲、半夏各五分。脾之积名为痞气，用前面提到的汤剂送服红丸子。肾之积名为奔豚，用前面提到的汤剂加倍桂枝，加茴香炒过的楝子肉各五分。
现在的人治疗各种气疾，只知道从脾肺求治，而不知道从肾求治，所以很少见效。肾间动气，是五脏六腑的根本，十二经脉的根源，呼吸的门户，三焦的原动力。房事过度，或先天禀赋素来虚弱，导致肾经不足，气失去管束，于是多发生郁滞，从而产生各种疾病。（各种气的郁结，都归属于肺。气主温煦身体，如果郁结不舒，气机凝滞，血液也会因此痹塞不通，那么各种疾病就产生了，所以说百病皆生于郁，这是明显的证据）。医生们认为应当理气，厚朴、香附、乌药之类的药物杂乱地摆在面前，但气反而更加难以理顺。用宣散、泄下的方法，用猛烈的泻药攻下，结果死了一半以上的人。于是医术稍高的医生，认为是脾虚不能运化精微的缘故，而致力于补脾。然而这只能勉强维持岁月，大多因为拖延而不可救治。这是不懂得补肾的过错。应该以破故纸、茴香子、葫芦巴等药物为主。在气药中必须兼用和血的药物作为辅助，大概没有气滞而血能和畅的情况，血不和畅则气会更加郁滞。
The *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up the Sleeve) describes methods for distinguishing changes in form due to spleen and stomach injury: Whenever the spleen pulse presents as slightly flooding (Hong), it indicates injury from bitter/astringent substances; the Classics state that salty flavors overcome bitter. A slightly choppy (Se) pulse indicates injury from pungent/spicy substances; the Classics state that bitter flavors overcome pungent. A slightly slippery (Hua) pulse indicates injury from fishy/salty substances; the Classics state that sweet flavors overcome salty. A flooding and slow (Hong-Huan) pulse indicates injury from sweet/rotten substances; the Classics state that sour flavors overcome sweet. A string-tight (Xian-Jin) pulse indicates injury from sour/hard substances; the Classics state that pungent flavors overcome sour. A slightly string-like (Xian) pulse indicates injury from cold/hard substances; the Classics state that warm properties overcome them. A slightly slow (Chi) pulse indicates injury from cold-phlegm accumulation or foul substances; the Classics state to warm the stomach and resolve phlegm. When food intake is excessive, leading to abdominal distension, fullness, and inability to eat, people usually administer Qi-breaking medicines. (Food injury with aversion to food must present with belching of putrid odor and acid regurgitation.) Before the food is injured, medications are subsequently used to attack, so how can Spleen Qi remain healthy and unobstructed? One must primarily use mild tonifying medicines, assisted by others, promoting one ascending and one descending, allowing communication between Spleen and Kidney, and achieving mutual interaction of Water and Fire, so that digestion and transformation occur naturally.
The method for treating accumulations (Ji Ju) prioritizes regulating Qi. Once Qi ascends and descends properly, and body fluids flow smoothly, how can accumulations arise? Danxi claimed that Qi is formless and cannot form masses or accumulations, focusing solely on resolving phlegm and breaking blood stasis, which is erroneous. Formidable objects in the world often arise from formlessness; why should accumulations be an exception? Dai Fu'an used a single formula, Da Qi Qi Tang (Great Seven Qi Decoction) (to harmonize Qi and Blood, enabling free ascent and descent, circulating body fluids to nourish organs, eliminating stagnation so that accumulations dissolve without direct attack), to treat all types of accumulations. He understood this principle. For Liver Accumulation named Fei Qi (Fatty Qi), decoct the aforementioned soup, let it cool, then pour it over a red-hot iron vessel, and drink while hot. For Lung Accumulation named Xi Ben (Panting Oppression), add Bai Sang Pi (Morus Cortex), Ban Xia (Pinellia Rhizoma), and Xing Ren (Prunus Semen) each 5 fen to the aforementioned soup. For Heart Accumulation named Fu Liang (Hidden Beam), add Shi Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) and Ban Xia each 5 fen. For Spleen Accumulation named Pi Qi (Stagnant Qi), administer Hong Wan Zi (Red Pill) with the aforementioned soup. For Kidney Accumulation named Ben Tun (Rushing Pig), double the Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) in the aforementioned soup, and add Hui Xiang (Foeniculum Fructus) stir-fried with Lian Zi Rou (Meliae Semen) each 5 fen.
Contemporary physicians treating various Qi disorders only seek treatment in the Spleen and Lung, neglecting the Kidney, hence efficacy is rare. The Moving Qi in the Kidney region is the root of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, the source of the Twelve Meridians, the gate of respiration, and the origin of the San Jiao (Triple Burner). Excessive sexual activity or innate constitutional weakness leads to insufficiency of the Kidney Meridian; Qi loses its control, resulting in frequent stagnation and the generation of various diseases. (All Qi stagnations belong to the Lung. Qi provides warmth; if stagnant and unrelieved, Qi mechanism condenses, and Blood becomes obstructed, giving rise to various diseases. Thus, "all diseases arise from stagnation" is clear evidence.) Physicians believe they should regulate Qi, presenting Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Wu Yao (Linderae Radix), etc., yet Qi becomes even more difficult to regulate. Using dispersing and purging methods, administering drastic laxatives, results in more than half of patients dying. Subsequently, slightly more skilled physicians attribute the condition to Spleen deficiency failing to transport and transform essence, and thus focus on tonifying the Spleen. However, this merely prolongs life temporarily, often leading to delay and untreatable conditions. This is due to ignorance of the need to tonify the Kidney. One should primarily use Po Gu Zhi (Psoraleae Fructus), Hui Xiang Zi (Foeniculum Fructus), and Hu Lu Ba (Trigonellae Semens). Within Qi-regulating medicines, one must simultaneously use Blood-harmonizing medicines as assistants, for there is no case where Qi is stagnant but Blood is harmonious; if Blood is not harmonious, Qi becomes even more stagnant.