外台。深师。投 汤。疗久逆上气。胸满。喉中如水鸡鸣。
于本方。去半夏干姜细辛小麦五味子。方后云。咳嗽甚者。加五味子半夏。洗。
各半升。干姜三累。经用甚良。（千金。名麻黄石膏汤。主疗加味并同。）
泽漆汤方
半夏（半升） 生姜（五两） 白前（五两） 紫参（五两一作紫菀○案千金作紫菀
）甘草 黄芩 人参 桂枝（各三两） 泽漆（三斤以东流水五斗煮取一斗五升）
上九味。 咀。纳泽漆汁中。煮取五升。温服五合。至夜尽。
案千金泽漆汤。治上气其脉沉者。本篇亦似脱上气二字。
且考本草。紫参不载治嗽之能。其作紫菀者。似是。白前。
本草别录云。甘微温无毒。治胸胁逆气。咳嗽上气呼吸欲绝。
大逆上气。咽喉不利。止逆下气者。麦门冬汤主之。（徐以下诸注大逆。改作火逆。唯程仍原文。案大
作火。原见于楼氏纲目。）
〔程〕大逆上气。则为喘为咳。咽喉为之不利。麦门冬半夏。以下气。粳米大枣。以补脾。甘草人参。
以补肺。脾肺相生。则气得归原。而大逆上气自止。
〔沈〕余窃拟为肺痿之主方也。
巢源。上气鸣息候云。肺主于气。邪乘于肺。则肺胀。胀则肺管不利。不利则气道涩。故气上喘逆。鸣
息不通。
麦门冬汤方
麦门冬（七升○千金外台三升） 半夏（一升） 人参（二两） 甘草（二两） 粳
米（三合） 大枣（十二枚。外台半夏下有洗字甘草下有炙字）
上六味。以水一斗二升。煮取六升。温服一升。日三夜一服。
案外台。引千金。方同。云。此本仲景伤寒论方。
玉函经。伤寒瘥后病篇云。病后劳复发热者。麦门冬汤主之。方同。
肘后方。麦门冬汤。治肺痿咳唾。涎沫不止。喉燥而渴。方同。
圣济总录。麦门冬汤。治肺胃气壅。风客传咽喉妨闷。方同。
喻氏法律云。此胃中津液干枯。虚火上炎之证。治本之良法也。于麦门人参甘草粳米大枣。大补中气。大
生津液队中。增入半夏之辛温一味。其利咽下气。非半夏之功。实善用半夏之功。擅古今未有之奇矣。
张氏医通云。此胃中津液干枯。虚火上炎之证。凡肺病有胃气则生。无胃气则死。胃气者。肺气之母
气也。故于竹叶石膏汤中。偏除方名二味。而用麦冬数倍为君。兼参草粳
米。以滋肺母。使水谷之清微。皆得上注于肺。自然沃泽无虞。当知火逆上气。皆是胃中痰气不清。上
溢肺隧。占据津液流行之道而然。是以倍用半夏。更加大枣。通津涤饮为先。奥义全在乎此。若浊饮不除。
津液不致。虽日用润肺生津之剂。乌能建止逆下气之 哉。俗以半夏性燥不用。殊失仲景立方之旨。
外台。麦门冬汤。治伤寒下后。除热止渴。
于本方。去半夏大枣粳米。加石膏五味子。
活人。麦门冬汤。治劳气欲绝。
于本方。无半夏人参。加竹叶。
肺痈。喘不得卧。葶苈大枣泻肺汤主之。
〔尤〕肺痈。喘不得卧。肺气被迫。亦已甚矣。故须峻药顿服。以逐其邪。葶苈苦寒。入肺泄气闭。加
大枣甘温。以和药力。亦犹皂荚丸之饮以枣膏也。
〔鉴〕赵良曰。此治肺痈吃紧之方也。肺中生痈。不
泻何待。恐日久痈脓已成。泻之无益。日久肺气已索。泻之转伤。乘其血结。而脓未成。当
急以泻之之法夺之。况喘不得卧。不亦甚乎。
葶苈大枣泻肺汤方（千金。作泻肺汤。）
葶苈（熬令黄色捣丸如弹子大○案本纲附方捣下有末密二字义始通） 大枣（十二枚）
上先以水三升。煮枣取二升。去枣。纳葶苈。煮取一升。顿服。
千金云。葶苈三两为末。大枣二十枚。上二味。先以水三升。煮枣取二升。去枣。纳药一枣大。煎取七
合顿服令尽。三日服一剂。可至三四剂。外台。引千金云。葶苈三两。熬令色紫。上一味。捣令可丸。以
水三升。煮擘大枣二十枚。得汁二升。纳药如弹丸一枚。煎取一升顿服。古今录验。删
繁。仲景伤寒论。范汪同。
楼氏纲目云。孙兆视雷道矩病吐痰。顷间已及一升。喘
咳不已。面色郁黯。精神不快。兆与服仲景葶苈大枣汤。一服讫。已觉胸中快利。略无痰唾矣。
咳而胸满。振寒脉数。咽干不渴。时出浊唾腥臭。久久吐脓。如米粥者。为肺痈。桔梗汤主之。（
千金。作粳米粥。外台。引集验同。）
〔鉴〕咳而胸满。振寒脉数。咽干不渴。时出浊唾腥臭。久久吐脓。如米粥者。此为肺痈证也。肺痈
尚未成脓。实邪也。故以葶苈之剂泻之。今已溃后。虚邪也。故以桔梗之苦。甘草之甘。解肺毒排痈脓也。
此治已成肺痈。轻而不死者之法也。
〔魏〕或其痈虽成。而脓未大成。肺叶完全。尚未腐败。亦可回生也。
桔梗汤方（〔原注〕亦治血痹。○案千金。外台。并无此四字。程尤金鉴。亦删之。为是。）
桔梗（一两○千金作三两注云集验用二两古今录验用一两外台引集验用二两） 甘
草（二两○外台引集验有炙字）
上二味。以水三升。煮取一升。分温再服。则吐脓血也。（
则。千金。作必。千金翼。作不字。外台。作朝暮吐脓血则瘥云。张文仲。千金备急古今
录验。范汪同。此本仲景伤寒论方千金云。一方有款冬花一两半。○和剂。名如圣汤。元
戎。名甘桔二生汤。详见伤寒辑义。）
医垒元戎。如圣丸。治风热毒瓦斯上攻。咽喉痛痹。肿塞
妨闷。及肺痈喘嗽唾脓血。胸满振寒。咽干不渴。时出浊沫气臭腥。久久咯脓。状如米粥。
龙脑（另研） 牛黄（另研） 桔梗 甘草（生用各一钱）
上为细末。炼蜜丸。每两作二十丸。每用一丸噙化。
咳而上气。此为肺胀。其人喘。目如脱状。脉浮大者。
越婢加半夏汤主之。（外台。引仲景伤寒论作肺胀者。病患喘。目如脱状。脉浮
大也。肺胀而咳者。此方主之。）
〔尤〕外邪内饮。填塞肺中。为胀为喘为咳。而上气。越婢汤散邪之力多。而蠲饮之力少。故以半夏。辅
其未逮。不用小青龙者。以脉浮且大。病属阳热。故利辛寒。不利辛热
也。目如脱状者。目睛胀突。如欲脱落之状。壅气使然也。
巢源云。肺虚感微寒而成咳。咳而气还聚于肺。肺则胀。是为咳逆也。邪气与正气相搏。正气不得宣通。
但逆上喉咽之间。邪状则气静。邪动则气奔上。烦闷欲绝。故谓之咳逆上气也。
越婢加半夏汤
麻黄（六两○外台有去节二字） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十五枚） 甘
草（二两○外台有炙字） 半夏（半升○外台有枚字）
上六味。以水六升。先煮麻黄。去上沫。纳诸药。煮取三升。分温三服。
肺胀咳而上气。烦躁而喘。脉浮者。心下有水。小青龙加石膏汤主之。（〔原注〕千金。证治同。外更加胁
下痛。引缺盆。○案今千金。缺盆下。更有若有实者必躁。其人常倚伏十一字。外台。引仲景伤寒论。与本文同。）
〔尤〕此亦外邪内饮相搏之证。而兼烦躁。则挟有热邪。麻桂药中。必用石膏。如大青龙之例也。又
此条见证。与上条颇同。而心下寒饮。则非温药不能开而去之。故不用越婢
加半夏。而用小青龙加石膏。温寒并进。水热俱捐。于法尤为密矣。
小青龙加石膏汤
麻黄 芍药 桂枝 细辛 甘草 干姜（各三两） 五味子 半夏（各半升） 石膏（二两）
上九味。以水一斗。先煮麻黄。去上沫。内诸药。煮取三升。强人服一升。羸者减之。日三服。小儿
服四合。（外台引仲景伤寒论云。强人一升。瘦人及老小。以意减之。日三夜一。千金。与本文同。）
千金麻黄汤 治肺胀咳嗽上气。咽燥脉浮。心下有水气。
于本方内。去甘草干姜。用生姜。
外台。古今录验。沃雪汤。疗上气不得息卧。喉中如水鸡声。气欲绝方。
于小青龙方内。去芍药甘草。投 则卧。一名投 麻黄汤。
附方
外台。炙甘草汤。治肺痿涎唾多。心中温温液液者。
（〔原注〕方见虚劳中○案外台。引仲景伤寒论。列于甘草干姜汤之后。云。并出第八卷中。）
〔沈〕温温液液。即泛泛恶心之意也。
〔徐〕肺痿证。概属津枯热燥。此方乃桂枝汤。去芍药。加参
地阿胶麻仁麦冬也。不急于去热。而以生津润燥为主。盖虚回而津生。津生而热
自化也。至桂枝乃热剂。而不嫌峻者。桂枝得甘草。正所以行其热也。
千金甘草汤（案此本出于肘后而千金主疗。与外台炙甘草汤同。但唾多下。
有出血二字。千金翼。名温液汤。）
甘草（案肘后千金用二两外台同千金翼用三两）
上一味。以水三升。煮减半。分温三服。
〔徐〕肺痿之热。由于虚。则不可直攻。故以生甘草之甘寒。频频呷之。热自渐化也。余外家曾病此。
初时涎沫成碗。服过半月。痰少而愈。但最难吃。三四日内。猝无捷效耳。
外台。引集验。疗肺痿时时寒热。两颊赤气方。童子小便。每日晚取之。去初末少许。小便可有五合。
取上好甘草。量病患中指节。男左女右。长短截之。炙令熟。破作四片。纳小便中。置于闲净处。露一宿。
器上横一小刀。明日平旦。去甘草。顿服之。每日一剂。其童子勿令吃五辛。
千金生姜甘草汤 治肺痿咳唾。涎沫不止。咽燥而渴。（外台。一云。不渴。）
生姜（五两） 人参（三两） 甘草（四两） 大枣（十五枚）
上四味。以水七升。煮取三升。分温三服。（外台。引集验云。仲景伤寒论。备急。范汪。千金。经心录同。）
〔沈〕即炙甘草汤之变方也。甘草人参大枣。扶脾胃而生津液。以生姜辛润宣行滞气。俾胃中津液。
溉灌于肺。则泽槁回枯。不致肺热叶焦。为治肺痿之良法也。
〔徐〕亦非一二剂。可以期效。
千金桂枝去芍药加皂荚汤 治肺痿吐涎沫。
桂枝 生姜（各三两） 甘草（二两） 大枣（十枚○千金十五枚） 皂荚（乙枚
去皮子炙焦○千金作二两外台引千金作一挺去皮子炙）
上五味。以水七升。微微火煮。取三升。分温三服。（千金。无微微火三字。）
〔沈〕用桂枝汤。嫌芍药酸收。故去之。加皂荚。利涎通窍。不令涎沫壅遏肺气。而致喘痿。桂枝和
调营卫。俾营卫宣行。则肺气振。而涎沫止矣。
〔徐〕此治肺痿中之有壅闭者。
故加皂荚。以行桂甘姜枣之势。此方必略兼上气不得眠者宜之。
外台桔梗白散 治咳而胸满。振寒脉数。咽干不渴。时出浊唾腥臭。久久吐脓。如米粥者为肺痈。（
外台。引仲景伤寒论。作粳米粥。云。出第十八卷中。）
桔梗 贝母（各三分） 巴豆（一分去皮熬研如脂）
上三味。为散。强人饮服半钱匕。羸者减之。病在膈上者。吐脓血。膈下者泻出。若下多不止。饮冷水
一杯则定。
〔徐〕此即前桔梗汤证也。然此以贝母巴豆。易去甘草。则迅利极矣。盖此等证。危在呼吸。以悠忽
遗祸。不可胜数。故确见人强或证危。正当以此急救之。不得嫌其峻。坐以待
毙也。
〔沈〕以桔梗开提肺气。贝母清热而化痰涎。巴霜峻猛热剂。急破其脓。驱脓下出。
〔尤〕似亦以毒
攻毒之意。然非病盛气实。非峻药不能为功者。不可侥幸一试也。是在审其形之肥瘠。与病之缓急。而
善其用焉。
千金苇茎汤 治咳有微热。烦满。胸中甲错。是为肺
痈。（千金作胸心甲错。千金。无方名。外台。引古今录验。名苇茎汤。用苇茎一升。
云。仲景伤寒论云。苇茎切二升。千金。范汪同。）
苇茎（二升） 薏苡仁（半升） 桃仁（五十枚） 瓜瓣（半升）
上四味。以水一斗。先煮苇茎。得五升。去滓。内诸药。
煮取二升。服一升。再服当吐如脓。（千金。作服一升。当有所见吐脓血。）
〔魏〕肺痈欲成未成之际。图治当早者也。苇小芦大。一物也。苇茎。与芦根同性。清热利水。解渴
除烦。佐以薏苡仁。下气宽中。桃仁。润肺滑肠。瓜瓣。亦润燥清热之品。再服当吐如脓。可见为痈虽结。
而脓未成。所以可治也。较之葶苈大枣汤。皂荚丸。皆得预治之治。仲景所谓始萌可救者。
〔尤〕此方具
下热散结通瘀之力。而重不伤峻。缓不伤懈。可以补桔梗汤。桔梗白散。二方之偏。亦良法也。
案楼氏纲目云。苇茎。即汀洲间芦荻之粗种也。苇。即芦。详见于沈括补笔谈。魏注为是。圣惠方。作青
苇。（三因。用苇叶恐非是。）瓜瓣。圣惠方。作甜瓜子。太平御览。引吴普本草。瓜瓣。瓜子也。张氏本经
逢原云。甜瓜子。即甜瓜瓣。为肠胃内痈要药。千金。治肺痈。有苇茎汤。肠痈。有大黄牡丹汤。予尝用之。
然必黄熟味甜者。方不伤胃。是也。而本草马志云。诸方惟用冬瓜子。不见用甘瓜子者。潘氏续焰。
改用丝瓜瓣。并不可凭也。
外台。苏游。疗骨蒸肺痿。烦躁不能食。芦根饮子方
芦根（切讫秤） 麦门冬 地骨白皮（各十两） 生姜（十两合皮切） 橘皮
茯苓（各五两）
上六味。切。以水二斗。煮取八升。绞去滓。分温五服。服别相去八九里。昼三服。夜二服。覆取汗。
《外台秘要》和《深师方》中的投汤，治疗久逆上气、胸满、喉中发出如水鸡鸣叫的声音。
在本方基础上，去掉半夏、干姜、细辛、小麦、五味子。方后注说：咳嗽严重的，加五味子、半夏（洗净），各半升；干姜三累。此法使用效果很好。（《千金方》称为麻黄石膏汤，主治及加减法与本方相同。）
泽漆汤方
半夏（半升） 生姜（五两） 白前（五两） 紫参（五两，一作紫菀○按：《千金方》作紫菀） 甘草 黄芩 人参 桂枝（各三两） 泽漆（三斤，用东流水五斗煮取一斗五升）
以上九味药，切碎，放入泽漆汁中，煮取五升。温服五合，直到夜间服完。
按：《千金方》的泽漆汤，治疗上气且脉象沉的患者。本篇似乎也脱漏了“上气”二字。
况且考证本草，紫参没有记载治疗咳嗽的功效，其作“紫菀”的说法，似乎是正确的。白前，《本草别录》说：味甘微温，无毒。治疗胸胁逆气、咳嗽上气、呼吸欲绝。
大逆上气、咽喉不利，以止逆下气的方剂，麦门冬汤主之。（徐氏以下的注释将“大逆”改为“火逆”，只有程氏仍保留原文。按：“大”字作“火”字，原本见于楼氏的《纲目》。）
〔程〕大逆上气，就会表现为喘和咳，咽喉因此不通利。麦门冬、半夏，用来下气；粳米、大枣，用来补脾；甘草、人参，用来补肺。脾与肺相生，则气能归原，而大逆上气自然停止。
〔沈〕我私下推测这是治疗肺痿的主方。
《巢源》在“上气鸣息候”中说：肺主气，邪气侵袭肺，则肺胀。胀则肺管不利，不利则气道涩滞，所以气上逆喘促，呼吸有声不通。
麦门冬汤方
麦门冬（七升○《千金方》、《外台秘要》为三升） 半夏（一升） 人参（二两） 甘草（二两） 粳米（三合） 大枣（十二枚，《外台秘要》中半夏下有“洗”字，甘草下有“炙”字）
以上六味药，用水一斗二升，煮取六升。温服一升，每日三次，夜间一次。
按：《外台秘要》引用《千金方》，方子相同。说：这原本是张仲景《伤寒论》中的方子。
《玉函经·伤寒瘥后病篇》说：病后劳复发热的，用麦门冬汤主治。方子相同。
《肘后备急方》的麦门冬汤，治疗肺痿咳唾，涎沫不止，喉咙干燥而口渴，方子相同。
《圣济总录》的麦门冬汤，治疗肺胃气壅，风邪客于咽喉导致妨闷，方子相同。
喻嘉言《医门法律》说：这是胃中津液干枯，虚火上炎的证候。是治本的好方法。在麦门冬、人参、甘草、粳米、大枣大队大补中气、大生津液的药中，加入一味辛温的半夏。它利咽下气的作用，并非半夏本身的功劳，而是善于运用半夏的功劳，具有古今未有的奇妙之处。
张璐《张氏医通》说：这是胃中津液干枯，虚火上炎的证候。凡是肺病有胃气则生，无胃气则死。胃气是肺气之母气。所以在竹叶石膏汤中，特意除去方名中的两味药，而重用麦冬数倍作为君药，兼用人参、甘草、粳米，来滋养肺母，使水谷的精微之气都能上注于肺，自然滋润无忧。应当知道火逆上气，都是由于胃中痰气不清，上溢于肺隧，占据了津液流行的道路所致。因此加倍使用半夏，再加放大枣，以通津涤饮为先。奥妙全在于此。如果浊饮不除，津液不能到达，虽然每天使用润肺生津的药物，怎么能建立止逆下气的功效呢？世俗之人因为半夏性燥而不使用，完全失去了张仲景立方的宗旨。
《外台秘要》的麦门冬汤，治疗伤寒下法之后，除热止渴。
在本方基础上，去掉半夏、大枣、粳米，加石膏、五味子。
《活人书》的麦门冬汤，治疗劳气欲绝。
在本方基础上，无半夏、人参，加竹叶。
肺痈，喘促不能卧，葶苈大枣泻肺汤主之。
〔尤〕肺痈，喘促不能卧，肺气被逼迫，已经很严重了。所以需要用峻猛的药顿服，以驱逐邪气。葶苈苦寒，入肺泄气闭，加大枣甘温，以调和药力，也就像皂荚丸用枣膏调服一样。
〔鉴〕赵良说：这是治疗肺痈的关键方剂。肺中生痈，不泻等待何时？恐怕日久脓已成，泻之无益；日久肺气已虚，泻之反而受伤。应当在血结而脓未成时，当急用泻法攻夺它。何况喘不得卧，不是也很严重吗？
葶苈大枣泻肺汤方（《千金方》作泻肺汤。）
葶苈（炒至黄色，捣丸如弹子大○按：《本纲》附方中“捣”下有“末密”二字，文义才通顺） 大枣（十二枚）
先用水三升，煮枣取二升，去枣渣，放入葶苈，煮取一升，顿服。
《千金方》说：葶苈三两为末，大枣二十枚。以上两味，先用水三升，煮枣取二升，去枣，放入药如枣大一团，煎取七合，顿服令尽。三日服一剂，可服至三四剂。《外台秘要》引用《千金方》说：葶苈三两，炒至色紫。以上一味，捣成可丸状。用水三升，煮擘开的大枣二十枚，得汁二升，放入药如弹丸一枚，煎取一升，顿服。《古今录验》删繁就简，与张仲景《伤寒论》、范汪方相同。
楼氏《纲目》说：孙兆诊治雷道矩的病，呕吐痰，一会儿已经有一升，喘咳不停，面色郁黯，精神不快。孙兆给他服用张仲景的葶苈大枣汤，一服完后，已经觉得胸中快利，几乎没有痰唾了。
咳嗽且胸满，恶寒战栗，脉数，咽干但不渴，时常吐出浑浊腥臭的唾液，久久吐出脓液，像米粥一样的，是肺痈。桔梗汤主之。（《千金方》作粳米粥，《外台秘要》引用《集验方》相同。）
〔鉴〕咳嗽且胸满，恶寒战栗，脉数，咽干但不渴，时常吐出浑浊腥臭的唾液，久久吐出脓液，像米粥一样的，这是肺痈的证候。肺痈尚未成脓，属于实邪，所以用葶苈的方剂泻之。现在已经溃破，属于虚邪，所以用桔梗的苦味、甘草的甜味，来解肺毒、排痈脓。这是治疗已成肺痈、病情轻且不致死亡的方剂。
〔魏〕或许痈虽已成，但脓未大量形成，肺叶完整，尚未腐败，也可以挽回生命。
桔梗汤方（〔原注〕也治疗血痹。○按：《千金方》、《外台秘要》都没有这四个字，程国彭《金鉴》也删去了，这是对的。）
桔梗（一两○《千金方》作三两，注云《集验方》用二两，《古今录验》用一两，《外台秘要》引用《集验方》用二两） 甘草（二两○《外台秘要》引用《集验方》有“炙”字）
以上两味药，用水三升，煮取一升，分两次温服。则会吐出脓血。（“则”字，《千金方》作“必”，《千金翼方》作“不”字，《外台秘要》作“朝暮吐脓血则瘥”云。张文仲、《千金备急方》、《古今录验》、范汪方相同。这原本是张仲景《伤寒论》中的方子。《千金方》说：一方有款冬花一两半。○《和剂局方》名为如圣汤，《元戎》名为甘桔二生汤，详见《伤寒辑义》。）
《医垒元戎》的如圣丸，治疗风热毒瓦斯上攻，咽喉痛痹，肿塞妨闷，以及肺痈喘嗽唾脓血，胸满振寒，咽干不渴，时常吐出浊沫气臭腥，久久咯脓，状如米粥。
龙脑（另研） 牛黄（另研） 桔梗 甘草（生用各一钱）
以上为细末，炼蜜为丸，每两作二十丸。每次用一丸含化。
咳嗽且上气，这是肺胀。其人喘，眼睛像要脱落的样子，脉浮大的，越婢加半夏汤主之。（《外台秘要》引用张仲景《伤寒论》作：肺胀者，病患喘，眼睛像要脱落的样子，脉浮大也。肺胀而咳的，此方主治。）
〔尤〕外邪内饮，填塞肺中，导致胀、喘、咳，而上气。越婢汤散邪的力量多，而蠲饮的力量少，所以用半夏辅助它的不足。不用小青龙汤的原因，是因为脉浮且大，病属阳热，所以利于辛寒，不利于辛热。眼睛像要脱落的样子，是指眼珠胀突，像要脱落的状态，是壅滞之气导致的。
《巢源》说：肺虚感受微寒而成咳，咳而气还聚于肺，肺则胀，这叫咳逆。邪气与正气相搏，正气不得宣通，只是逆上喉咽之间，邪静则气静，邪动则气奔上，烦闷欲绝，所以叫咳逆上气。
越婢加半夏汤
麻黄（六两○《外台秘要》有“去节”二字） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十五枚） 甘草（二两○《外台秘要》有“炙”字） 半夏（半升○《外台秘要》有“枚”字）
以上六味药，用水六升，先煮麻黄，去掉上面的泡沫，放入其他药物，煮取三升，分三次温服。
肺胀咳而上气，烦躁而喘，脉浮的，心下有水气，小青龙加石膏汤主之。（〔原注〕《千金方》证治相同。《外台秘要》更加胁下痛，牵引缺盆。○按：今本《千金方》，缺盆下，更有“若有实者必躁，其人常倚伏”十一字。《外台秘要》引用张仲景《伤寒论》，与本文相同。）
〔尤〕这也是外邪内饮相搏的证候，而兼有烦躁，则挟有热邪。麻黄、桂枝药中，必须用石膏，如同大青龙汤的例子。又这一条见证，与上一条颇为相似，但心下的寒饮，非温药不能开通而去掉它。所以不用越婢加半夏汤，而用小青龙加石膏汤。温寒并进，水热俱除，在治法上更为严密。
小青龙加石膏汤
麻黄 芍药 桂枝 细辛 甘草 干姜（各三两） 五味子 半夏（各半升） 石膏（二两）
以上九味药，用水一斗，先煮麻黄，去掉上面的泡沫，放入其他药物，煮取三升。体质强壮的人服一升，体弱的人减量。每日三次。小儿服四合。（《外台秘要》引用张仲景《伤寒论》说：强壮的人一升，瘦人及老幼，酌情减量。每日三次，夜间一次。《千金方》与本文相同。）
《千金方》麻黄汤，治疗肺胀咳嗽上气，咽燥脉浮，心下有水气。
在本方内，去掉甘草、干姜，用生姜代替。
《外台秘要》、《古今录验》沃雪汤，治疗上气不得呼吸平卧，喉中发出如水鸡声，气欲绝的方子。
在小青龙方内，去掉芍药、甘草，服用则能卧。一名投汤麻黄汤。
附方
《外台秘要》炙甘草汤，治疗肺痿涎唾多，心中温温液液的感觉。
（〔原注〕方见虚劳中○按：《外台秘要》引用张仲景《伤寒论》，列于甘草干姜汤之后。说：并出第八卷中。）
〔沈〕温温液液，就是泛泛恶心的意思。
〔徐〕肺痿证，概属津枯热燥。此方乃是桂枝汤，去掉芍药，加人参、地黄、阿胶、麻仁、麦冬。不急于清热，而以生津润燥为主。大概虚回而津生，津生而热自化。至于桂枝是热剂，而不嫌其峻烈，是因为桂枝得甘草，正是为了行使其热性。
《千金方》甘草汤（按：这原本出于《肘后方》而《千金方》主治，与《外台秘要》炙甘草汤相同，但在“唾多”下有“出血”二字。《千金翼方》名为温液汤。）
甘草（按：《肘后方》、《千金方》用二两，《外台秘要》同。《千金翼方》用三两）
以上一味药，用水三升，煮减半，分三次温服。
〔徐〕肺痿的热，由于虚，则不可直接攻伐。所以用生甘草的甘寒，频频呷服，热自然逐渐化解。我的亲戚家曾患此病，初时涎沫成碗，服药过半月，痰少而愈。只是最难吃，三四日内，突然没有捷效罢了。
《外台秘要》引用《集验方》，治疗肺痿时时寒热，两颊赤气的方子。童子小便，每日晚上取之，去掉开头和结尾少许，小便可有五合。取上好甘草，量病患中指节的长短截断，男左女右，烤熟，破作四片，放入小便中，放在闲净处，露置一夜。器皿上横放一小刀，明天清晨，去掉甘草，顿服之。每日一剂。童子不要吃五辛。
《千金方》生姜甘草汤，治疗肺痿咳唾，涎沫不止，咽燥而渴。（《外台秘要》一说：不渴。）
生姜（五两） 人参（三两） 甘草（四两） 大枣（十五枚）
以上四味药，用水七升，煮取三升，分三次温服。（《外台秘要》引用《集验方》说：张仲景《伤寒论》、《备急方》、范汪、《千金方》、《经心录》相同。）
〔沈〕这就是炙甘草汤的变方。甘草、人参、大枣，扶持脾胃而生津液，以生姜辛润宣行滞气，使胃中津液灌溉于肺，则润泽枯槁，不至于肺热叶焦，是治疗肺痿的好方法。
〔徐〕也不是一两剂就可以期待见效的。
《千金方》桂枝去芍药加皂荚汤，治疗肺痿吐涎沫。
桂枝 生姜（各三两） 甘草（二两） 大枣（十枚○《千金方》十五枚） 皂荚（一枚，去皮子，炙焦○《千金方》作二两，《外台秘要》引用《千金方》作一挺，去皮子，炙）
以上五味药，用水七升，微微火煮，取三升，分三次温服。（《千金方》没有“微微火”三字。）
〔沈〕用桂枝汤，嫌弃芍药酸收，所以去掉它。加皂荚，利涎通窍，不让涎沫壅遏肺气，而导致喘痿。桂枝调和营卫，使营卫宣行，则肺气振奋，而涎沫停止。
〔徐〕这是治疗肺痿中有壅闭的。
所以加皂荚，以推行桂、甘、姜、枣的气势。此方必定略兼上气不得眠的症状才适宜。
《外台秘要》桔梗白散，治疗咳嗽且胸满，恶寒战栗，脉数，咽干但不渴，时常吐出浑浊腥臭的唾液，久久吐出脓液，像米粥一样的，是肺痈。（《外台秘要》引用张仲景《伤寒论》，作粳米粥。说：出第十八卷中。）
桔梗 贝母（各三分） 巴豆（一分，去皮，熬研如脂）
以上三味药，制成散剂。体质强壮的人饮服半钱匕，体弱的人减量。病在膈上的，吐出脓血；病在膈下的，泻出。如果泻下过多不止，饮一杯冷水则可定住。
〔徐〕这就是前面的桔梗汤证。然而此方用贝母、巴豆替换去甘草，则迅利极了。大概这种证候，危在旦夕，因疏忽遗祸，不可胜数。所以确实见到病人身体强壮或证候危急时，正当以此急救，不得嫌弃其峻烈而坐以待毙。
〔沈〕用桔梗开提肺气，贝母清热化痰涎，巴霜峻猛热剂，急破其脓，驱脓下出。
〔尤〕似乎也是以毒攻毒的意思。然而如果不是病盛气实，非峻药不能为功的，不可侥幸一试。这在于审察病人的形体肥瘦，与病情的缓急，而妥善使用它。
《千金方》苇茎汤，治疗咳嗽有微热，烦满，胸中皮肤甲错，是为肺痈。（《千金方》作胸心甲错。《千金方》无方名。《外台秘要》引用《古今录验》，名为苇茎汤，用苇茎一升。说：张仲景《伤寒论》云：苇茎切二升。《千金方》、范汪方相同。）
苇茎（二升） 薏苡仁（半升） 桃仁（五十枚） 瓜瓣（半升）
以上四味药，用水一斗，先煮苇茎，得五升，去滓，放入其他药物。
煮取二升，服一升，再服应当吐出像脓一样的东西。（《千金方》作：服一升，应当有所见，吐脓血。）
〔魏〕肺痈欲成未成之际，图谋治疗应当尽早。苇小芦大，是一物。苇茎，与芦根同性，清热利水，解渴除烦，佐以薏苡仁，下气宽中；桃仁，润肺滑肠；瓜瓣，也是润燥清热的药物。再服应当吐出像脓一样的东西，可见为痈虽结，而脓未成，所以可治。比起葶苈大枣汤、皂荚丸，都算是预治的方法。张仲景所谓始萌可救的。
〔尤〕此方具有下热、散结、通瘀的力量，而重不伤峻，缓不伤懈，可以弥补桔梗汤、桔梗白散二方的偏颇，也是好方法。
按：楼氏《纲目》说：苇茎，就是汀洲间芦荻的粗种。苇，就是芦，详见于沈括《补笔谈》。魏注是正确的。《圣惠方》作青苇。《三因方》用苇叶恐怕不对。瓜瓣，《圣惠方》作甜瓜子。《太平御览》引用吴普《本草》，瓜瓣，就是瓜子。张璐《本经逢原》说：甜瓜子，即甜瓜瓣，为肠胃内痈的要药。《千金方》治肺痈，有苇茎汤；治肠痈，有大黄牡丹汤。我曾使用过，但必须是黄熟味甜的，才不伤胃，是对的。而本草马志云：诸方惟用冬瓜子，不见用甘瓜子者。潘氏《续焰》改用丝瓜瓣，并不可凭信。
《外台秘要》苏游，治疗骨蒸肺痿，烦躁不能食，芦根饮子方
芦根（切讫秤） 麦门冬 地骨白皮（各十两） 生姜（十两，合皮切） 橘皮 茯苓（各五两）
以上六味药，切碎，用水二斗，煮取八升，绞去滓，分五次温服。每次间隔八九里路程的时间。白天服三次，夜间服两次，覆盖取汗。
The "Tou Tang" (Throwing Decoction) from *Waitai Miyao* (Prescriptions from the Imperial Cabinet) and *Shenshi Fang* (Formulas by Master Shen) treats chronic rebellious Qi rising, chest fullness, and a sound in the throat like a water frog croaking.
Based on this formula, remove Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus), and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus). The note after the formula states: For severe coughing, add Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (washed), each half sheng; Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) three lei. This method is very effective. (*Qianjin Fang* [Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold] calls it Mahuang Shigao Tang [Ephedra and Gypsum Decoction], with indications and modifications identical.)
Zeqi Tang Formula
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (half sheng) Shengjiang (Fresh Zingiberis Rhizoma) (five liang) Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix) (five liang) Zishen (Adenophorae Radix, also written as Ziwan [Asteris Radix] ○ Note: *Qianjin Fang* writes Ziwan) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each three liang) Zeqi (Phytolaccae Radix) (three jin, boiled with five dou of flowing water from the east to obtain one dou five sheng)
The above nine ingredients are cut into small pieces, placed into the Zeqi decoction, and boiled to obtain five sheng. Take five he warm, finishing by nightfall.
Note: *Qianjin Fang*'s Zeqi Tang treats Shangqi (Rebellious Qi) with a deep pulse. This section of the text seems to have omitted the characters "Shangqi".
Furthermore, consulting Bencao materia medica, Zishen (Adenophorae Radix) does not record efficacy for treating cough; the reading "Ziwan" (Asteris Radix) seems correct. Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix): *Bencao Bie Lu* (Supplement to Materia Medica) states: Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. Treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, cough with rebellious Qi, and suffocating respiration.
For Da Ni Shangqi (Great Rebellious Qi Rising) and unsmooth throat, the formula to stop rebellion and descend Qi is Maidong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction). (Notes by Xu and others below change "Da Ni" to "Huo Ni" [Fire Rebellion]; only Cheng retains the original text. Note: The character "Da" as "Huo" originally appears in Lou's *Gangmu* [Outline].)
[Cheng] Da Ni Shangqi manifests as wheezing and coughing, making the throat unsmooth. Maidong and Banxia descend Qi; Jingmi (Coicis Semen, used here as rice grain) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) tonify the Spleen; Gancao and Renshen tonify the Lung. As Spleen and Lung generate each other, Qi returns to its origin, and Da Ni Shangqi naturally stops.
[Shen] I privately speculate this is the main formula for Fei Wei (Lung Withering).
*Chaoyuan Fang* (Source Book of Symptoms and Etiologies) in the section "Shangqi Mingxi Hou" (Prognosis of Wheezing with Noisy Respiration) says: The Lung governs Qi. When pathogenic factors invade the Lung, the Lung becomes distended. Distension causes the lung tubes to be obstructed; obstruction leads to rough airways. Thus, Qi rebels upward causing wheezing, and respiration is noisy and blocked.
Maidong Tang Formula
Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (seven sheng ○ *Qianjin Fang*, *Waitai Miyao*: three sheng) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (one sheng) Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (two liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (two liang) Jingmi (Coicis Semen/Rice Grain) (three he) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (twelve pieces. In *Waitai Miyao*, "wash" follows Banxia, and "roast" follows Gancao)
The above six ingredients are boiled in one dou two sheng of water to obtain six sheng. Take one sheng warm, three times daily and once at night.
Note: *Waitai Miyao* cites *Qianjin Fang*, with an identical formula, stating: This was originally a formula from Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage).
*Yuhan Jing* (Jade Box Classic), chapter on Diseases after Recovery from Cold Damage, states: For fever due to labor relapse after illness, Maidong Tang is indicated. The formula is identical.
*Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up My Sleeve)'s Maidong Tang treats Fei Wei (Lung Withering) with coughing and spitting, incessant saliva and foam, dry throat, and thirst. The formula is identical.
*Shengji Zonglu* (General Records of Holy Relief)'s Maidong Tang treats Qi stagnation in the Lung and Stomach, wind pathogens lodging in the throat causing oppression and stuffiness. The formula is identical.
Yu Jia Yan (Yu Chang) in *Yimen Falü* (Legal Principles of Medicine) says: This is a syndrome of dried-up fluids in the Stomach and flaming deficient fire. It is an excellent method for treating the root. Within the large group of Maidong, Renshen, Gancao, Jingmi, and Dazao which greatly tonifies Middle Qi and generates fluids, adding one ingredient of pungent-warm Banxia. Its benefit to the throat and descending of Qi is not due to Banxia itself, but to the skillful use of Banxia, possessing a wonder unprecedented in ancient and modern times.
Zhang Lu in *Zhangshi Yitong* says: This is a syndrome of dried-up fluids in the Stomach and flaming deficient fire. For all Lung diseases, life exists if there is Stomach Qi, death if there is none. Stomach Qi is the mother Qi of Lung Qi. Therefore, in the Zhuyeshigu Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction), two ingredients are removed from the formula name, and Maidong is used several times more as the sovereign drug, combined with Renshen, Gancao, and Jingmi to nourish the Lung Mother, allowing the subtle clear essence of food and drink to ascend to the Lung, ensuring natural moistening without worry. One should know that Huoni Shangqi (Rebellious Qi due to Fire) is caused by unclear Phlegm-Qi in the Stomach overflowing into the Lung tunnels, occupying the pathway of fluid circulation. Hence, Banxia is doubled, and Dazao is added, prioritizing the clearing of fluids and phlegm. The profound meaning lies entirely here. If turbid fluids are not removed and fluids do not reach, although daily lubricating and fluid-generating agents are used, how can they establish the effect of stopping rebellion and descending Qi? Laypeople avoid Banxia due to its drying nature, completely missing Zhang Zhongjing's intent in formulating.
*Waitai Miyao*'s Maidong Tang treats heat removal and thirst cessation after purgation in Cold Damage.
Based on this formula, remove Banxia, Dazao, and Jingmi; add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Wuweizi.
*Ren Shu* (Book of Human Life)'s Maidong Tang treats exhaustion of Labor Qi nearing depletion.
Based on this formula, remove Banxia and Renshen; add Zhuye (Bambusae Folium).
For Fei Yong (Lung Abscess) with wheezing preventing lying down, Tingli Dazao Xiefei Tang (Descurainia Seed and Jujube Decoction to Drain the Lung) is indicated.
[You] Fei Yong with wheezing preventing lying down indicates the Lung Qi is severely oppressed. Thus, a potent medicine must be taken in one dose to expel the pathogen. Tingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Fructus) is bitter and cold, entering the Lung to drain Qi closure; adding sweet-warm Dazao harmonizes the medicinal power, similar to using Jujube paste to mix Zaowanzi (Saponaria Pill).
[Jian] Zhao Liang said: This is a critical formula for treating Fei Yong. An abscess forming in the Lung requires draining; what else is there to wait for? However, if long days pass and pus has formed, draining is useless; if long days pass and Lung Qi is exhausted, draining causes further injury. One must act urgently to drain when blood is knotted but pus has not yet formed. Moreover, wheezing preventing lying down is already severe.
Tingli Dazao Xiefei Tang Formula (*Qianjin Fang* calls it Xiefei Tang.)
Tingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Fructus) (stir-fried until yellow, pounded into pills the size of a bullet ○ Note: In *Ben Gang Fu Fang*, the characters "mo mi" [pound finely] follow "dao", making the sense clear) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (twelve pieces)
First, boil twelve dates in three sheng of water to obtain two sheng. Remove the dates, add Tingli, and boil to obtain one sheng. Take in one dose.
*Qianjin Fang* says: Tingli three liang powdered, Dazao twenty pieces. The above two ingredients: first boil dates in three sheng of water to obtain two sheng, remove dates, add medicine the size of one date, decoct to obtain seven he, take in one dose until finished. Take one dose every three days, up to three or four doses. *Waitai Miyao* citing *Qianjin Fang* says: Tingli three liang, stir-fried until purple. The above one ingredient, pound into pills. Boil twenty split dates in three sheng of water to obtain two sheng of juice, add medicine the size of a bullet, decoct to obtain one sheng, take in one dose. *Gujin Luyan* simplifies this, consistent with Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* and Fan Wang's formulas.
Lou's *Gangmu* says: Sun Zhao treated Lei Daoju who vomited phlegm, reaching nearly one sheng in a moment, with incessant wheezing and coughing, dark complexion, and low spirits. Zhao gave him Zhang Zhongjing's Tingli Dazao Tang. After one dose, he felt relief in the chest, with almost no phlegm or saliva remaining.
Cough with chest fullness, aversion to cold/chills, rapid pulse, dry throat but no thirst, occasional discharge of turbid foul-smelling saliva, and long-term expectoration of pus resembling rice porridge indicates Fei Yong (Lung Abscess). Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) is indicated. (*Qianjin Fang* writes "Jingmi porridge"; *Waitai Miyao* cites *Jiyan* identically.)
[Jian] Cough with chest fullness, chills, rapid pulse, dry throat but no thirst, occasional turbid foul-smelling saliva, and long-term expectoration of pus like rice porridge is the syndrome of Fei Yong. When Fei Yong has not yet formed pus, it is an Excess pathogen, so Tingli formulas are used to drain it. Now that it has ulcerated, it is a Deficient pathogen, so the bitterness of Jiegeng and sweetness of Gancao resolve Lung toxicity and expel abscess pus. This is a mild method for treating established Fei Yong that is not fatal.
[Wei] Perhaps even if the abscess has formed, if the pus has not accumulated significantly and the lung tissue remains intact and not yet corrupted, recovery is possible.
Jiegeng Tang Formula ([Original Note] Also treats Blood Bi. ○ Note: *Qianjin Fang* and *Waitai Miyao* lack these four characters; Cheng Guopeng's *Jinjian* also deletes them, which is correct.)
Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) (one liang ○ *Qianjin Fang* three liang, note says *Jiyan* uses two liang, *Gujin Luyan* one liang, *Waitai Miyao* citing *Jiyan* two liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (two liang ○ *Waitai Miyao* citing *Jiyan* has "roasted")
The above two ingredients are boiled in three sheng of water to obtain one sheng. Divide into two warm doses. Pus and blood will then be expelled. ("Ze" [then]: *Qianjin Fang* writes "Bi" [must]; *Qianjin Yi Fang* writes "Bu" [not]; *Waitai Miyao* writes "Expectorate pus and blood morning and evening, then recover." Zhang Wenzhong, *Qianjin Beiji*, *Gujin Luyan*, Fan Wang are identical. This was originally a formula from Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*. *Qianjin Fang* says: Another formula has Kuandonghua (Flos Farfarae) one and a half liang. ○ *Heji Jufang* names it Rusheng Tang; *Rongyuan* names it Ganjie Ersheng Tang, see *Shanghan Jiyi*.)
*Yilei Yuanrong* (Origin of Medical Ramparts)'s Rusheng Wan treats Wind-Heat-Toxin attacking upward, causing sore throat obstruction, swelling and stuffiness, as well as Fei Yong with wheezing, cough, expectoration of pus and blood, chest fullness, chills, dry throat, no thirst, occasional turbid frothy foul-smelling sputum, long-term expectoration of pus like rice porridge.
Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum) (separately ground) Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) (separately ground) Jiegeng Gancao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, each one qian)
Pound into fine powder, refine honey into pills. Each liang makes twenty pills. Use one pill at a time, holding it in the mouth to dissolve.
Cough with rebellious Qi indicates Fei Zhang (Lung Distension). The patient wheezes, eyes bulge as if falling out, and the pulse is floating and large. Yuespi Jia Banxia Tang (Mahuang Decoction plus Pinellia) is indicated. (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* reads: For Fei Zhang, the patient wheezes, eyes bulge as if falling out, pulse floating and large. For Fei Zhang with cough, this formula is indicated.)
[You] External pathogens and internal fluids fill the Lung, causing distension, wheezing, and cough, with rebellious Qi. Yuespi Tang has strong power to scatter pathogens but weak power to resolve fluids, so Banxia is added to supplement its deficiency. Xiao Qinglong Tang is not used because the pulse is floating and large, indicating a Yang-Heat syndrome; thus, pungent-cold is beneficial, while pungent-hot is not. "Eyes bulging as if falling out" means the eyeballs protrude as if detached, caused by stagnant Qi.
*Chaoyuan Fang* says: Lung deficiency contracting slight cold causes cough. Cough causes Qi to gather back in the Lung, causing distension, called Ke Ni (Rebellious Cough). Pathogenic Qi fights with Healthy Qi; Healthy Qi cannot circulate freely, only rebelling upward between the throat and larynx. When pathogen is still, Qi is still; when pathogen moves, Qi rushes upward, causing extreme oppression. Hence it is called Ke Ni Shang Qi.
Yuespi Jia Banxia Tang
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (six liang ○ *Waitai Miyao* has "remove nodes") Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (half jin) Shengjiang (Fresh Zingiberis Rhizoma) (three liang) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (fifteen pieces) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (two liang ○ *Waitai Miyao* has "roasted") Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (half sheng ○ *Waitai Miyao* has "pieces")
The above six ingredients are boiled in six sheng of water. First boil Mahuang, remove the foam on top, then add the other medicines. Boil to obtain three sheng. Divide into three warm doses.
Fei Zhang with cough and rebellious Qi, irritability and wheezing, floating pulse, with Water-Qi under the Heart indicates Xiao Qinglong Jia Shigao Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction plus Gypsum) is indicated. ([Original Note] *Qianjin Fang* has same indications. *Waitai Miyao* adds pain in the hypochondrium radiating to the Qumen point. ○ Note: Current *Qianjin Fang* has eleven additional characters after Qumen: "If there is excess, there must be restlessness; the person often leans or lies prone." *Waitai Miyao* citing Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* matches this text.)
[You] This is also a syndrome of external pathogens fighting with internal fluids, complicated by irritability indicating Heat pathogens. In Mahuang and Guizhi medicines, Shigao must be used, following the example of Da Qinglong Tang. Furthermore, the manifestations here are quite similar to the previous clause, but the Cold-Fluid under the Heart cannot be opened and removed without warm medicines. Thus, Yuespi Jia Banxia Tang is not used, but Xiao Qinglong Jia Shigao Tang is chosen. Warmth and Cold advance together, Water and Heat are both eliminated, making the method particularly rigorous.
Xiao Qinglong Jia Shigao Tang
Mahuang Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) Guizhi Xixin Asari Radix et Rhizoma Gancao Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma) (each three liang) Wuweizi Banxia Shigao (two liang)
The above nine ingredients are boiled in one dou of water. First boil Mahuang, remove the foam, then add the other medicines. Boil to obtain three sheng. Strong individuals take one sheng; frail individuals reduce the dose. Three times daily. Children take four he. (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* says: Strong individuals one sheng, thin people and old/young reduce according to judgment. Three times daily, once at night. *Qianjin Fang* matches this text.)
*Qianjin Fang* Mahuang Tang treats Fei Zhang with cough and rebellious Qi, dry throat, floating pulse, and Water-Qi under the Heart.
In this formula, remove Gancao and Ganjiang; use Shengjiang instead.
*Waitai Miyao* and *Gujin Luyan* Wo Xue Tang treats rebellious Qi preventing breathing and lying down, throat sounds like a water frog, and Qi nearing depletion.
Based on Xiao Qinglong Tang, remove Shaoyao and Gancao. Taking it allows lying down. Also named Tou Tang Mahuang Tang.
Attached Formulas
*Waitai Miyao* Zhigancao Tang treats Fei Wei with excessive saliva and foam, and a sensation of warmth and fluidity in the heart.
([Original Note] Formula seen in Xu Lao section ○ Note: *Waitai Miyao* cites Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*, listed after Gancao Ganjiang Tang. Says: Both appear in Volume 8.)
[Shen] Wenwen Ye Ye refers to a feeling of nausea.
[Xu] Fei Wei syndromes generally belong to dried fluids and hot dryness. This formula is Guizhi Tang, removing Shaoyao, adding Renshen, Dihuang, Ejiao, Hren, and Maidong. It does not prioritize clearing heat but focuses on generating fluids and moistening dryness. Generally, when Deficiency returns, fluids generate; when fluids generate, heat transforms itself. Although Guizhi is a hot agent, it is not feared for being harsh because Guizhi combined with Gancao facilitates the movement of its heat.
*Qianjin Fang* Gancao Tang (Note: Originally from *Zhouhou* but indicated in *Qianjin*, identical to *Waitai Miyao* Zhigancao Tang, but includes "bleeding" after "excessive saliva". *Qianjin Yi Fang* names it Wenye Tang.)
Gancao (Note: *Zhouhou* and *Qianjin* use two liang, *Waitai Miyao* same. *Qianjin Yi Fang* uses three liang)
The above single ingredient is boiled in three sheng of water until reduced by half. Divide into three warm doses.
[Xu] The heat of Fei Wei is due to Deficiency, so it cannot be directly attacked. Therefore, raw Gancao's sweet-cold nature is sipped frequently, and heat gradually transforms. A relative of mine suffered from this. Initially, saliva filled bowls. After taking it for half a month, phlegm decreased and he recovered. It was just very difficult to taste, with no quick effect in the first three or four days.
*Waitai Miyao* citing *Jiyan* treats Fei Wei with intermittent chills and fever, and red cheeks. Formula: Boy's urine. Collect it every evening, discard the beginning and end slightly, obtaining five he of urine. Take high-quality Gancao, measure against the middle finger joint of the patient, cut to length (left for males, right for females), roast until cooked, break into four pieces, place in urine, leave in a clean place, exposed overnight. Place a small knife across the vessel. Next morning at dawn, remove Gancao, take in one dose. One dose daily. The boy must not eat Five Spices.
*Qianjin Fang* Shengjiang Gancao Tang treats Fei Wei with cough and spitting, incessant saliva and foam, dry throat, and thirst. (*Waitai Miyao* says: Or no thirst.)
Shengjiang (Five liang) Renshen (Three liang) Gancao (Four liang) Dazao (Fifteen pieces)
The above four ingredients are boiled in seven sheng of water to obtain three sheng. Divide into three warm doses. (*Waitai Miyao* citing *Jiyan* says: Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*, *Beiji*, Fan Wang, *Qianjin*, *Jingxin Lu* are identical.)
[Shen] This is a variation of Zhigancao Tang. Gancao, Renshen, and Dazao support the Spleen and Stomach to generate fluids. Shengjiang's pungent-moistening property circulates stagnant Qi, allowing Stomach fluids to irrigate the Lung, thereby moistening withered tissues and preventing Lung Heat from scorching the leaves. It is an excellent method for treating Fei Wei.
[Xu] Nor can one expect results in just one or two doses.
*Qianjin Fang* Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Zaojiao Tang treats Fei Wei with expectoration of saliva and foam.
Guizhi Shengjiang (each three liang) Gancao (Two liang) Dazao (Ten pieces ○ *Qianjin Fang* fifteen pieces) Zaojiao (One piece, skin and seeds removed, roasted until scorched ○ *Qianjin Fang* two liang, *Waitai Miyao* citing *Qianjin* one挺, skin and seeds removed, roasted)
The above five ingredients are boiled in seven sheng of water over gentle heat to obtain three sheng. Divide into three warm doses. (*Qianjin Fang* lacks "gentle heat".)
[Shen] Using Guizhi Tang, Shaoyao is disliked for its sour-astringent nature, so it is removed. Zaojiao is added to promote saliva and open orifices, preventing saliva and foam from obstructing Lung Qi and causing wheezing and withering. Guizhi harmonizes Ying and Wei, allowing their circulation, thus revitalizing Lung Qi and stopping saliva and foam.
[Xu] This treats Fei Wei with obstruction.
Therefore, Zaojiao is added to enhance the momentum of Guizhi, Gancao, Jiang, and Zao. This formula is suitable for cases accompanied by rebellious Qi and insomnia.
*Waitai Miyao* Jiegeng Baisan treats cough with chest fullness, chills, rapid pulse, dry throat but no thirst, occasional turbid foul-smelling saliva, and long-term expectoration of pus like rice porridge, indicating Fei Yong. (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* writes "Jingmi porridge". Says: Appears in Volume 18.)
Jiegeng Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus) (each three fen) Badao (Semini Crotonis) (one fen, skin removed, roasted and ground into fat)
The above three ingredients are made into a powder. Strong individuals take half a qianbi with water; frail individuals reduce the dose. For disease above the diaphragm, pus and blood are vomited; for disease below the diaphragm, it is purged. If purging continues excessively, drinking one cup of cold water will stop it.
[Xu] This is the Jiegeng Tang syndrome mentioned earlier. However, replacing Gancao with Beimu and Badao makes it extremely swift and potent. Such conditions are critical; negligence leads to countless disasters. Therefore, when the patient is strong or the condition is critical, this emergency rescue is appropriate. Do not shy away from its potency and sit waiting for death.
[Shen] Jiegeng lifts Lung Qi; Beimu clears heat and resolves phlegm; Badao is a harsh hot agent that urgently breaks the abscess and drives pus downward.
[You] It seems to employ the principle of using poison to attack poison. However, if the disease is not vigorous and Qi not substantial, harsh medicines cannot achieve success. One must not try it recklessly. It depends on assessing the patient's body type (fat/thin) and the urgency of the disease to use it properly.
*Qianjin Fang* Weijing Tang treats cough with slight fever, irritability and fullness, and crusty skin on the chest, indicating Fei Yong. (*Qianjin Fang* writes "chest and heart crusty". *Qianjin Fang* lacks formula name. *Waitai Miyao* citing *Gujin Luyan* names it Weijing Tang, using one sheng of Weijing. Says: Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* states: Cut Weijing two sheng. *Qianjin Fang*, Fan Wang are identical.)
Weijing (Radix Phragmitis) (two sheng) Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) (half sheng) Taoren (Persicae Semen) (fifty pieces) Gaban (Melonis Semen/Citrulli Semen) (half sheng)
The above four ingredients are boiled in one dou of water. First boil Weijing to obtain five sheng, remove dregs, add other medicines.
Boil to obtain two sheng. Take one sheng; upon second dose, pus-like material should be expectorated. (*Qianjin Fang* writes: Take one sheng, expectoration of pus and blood should occur.)
[Wei] At the stage where Fei Yong is about to form but not yet formed, treatment should be early. Weijing and Lugen (Rhizoma Phragmitis) are the same substance; Weijing shares the properties of Lugen: clearing heat, promoting urination, relieving thirst, and eliminating irritability. Assisted by Yiyiren to descend Qi and broaden the middle; Taoren to moisten the Lung and lubricate the intestines; Gaban is also a moisture-moistening and heat-clearing herb. Expectoring pus-like material upon the second dose shows that although the abscess is knotted, pus has not yet formed, hence it is treatable. Compared to Tingli Dazao Tang and Zaowanzi, this represents preventive treatment. As Zhang Zhongjing said, "early stages can be saved."
[You] This formula possesses the power to descend heat, dissipate knots, and unblock stasis, without being too heavy/harsh or too slow/lax. It can compensate for the biases of Jiegeng Tang and Jiegeng Baisan, making it a good method.
Note: Lou's *Gangmu* says: Weijing is the coarse variety of reeds found in tidal areas. "Wei" is "Lu", detailed in Shen Kuo's *Bu Bitan*. Wei's note is correct. *Shenghui Fang* writes Qingwei. *Sanyin Fang* using Weiyefoliage is likely incorrect. Gaban: *Shenghui Fang* writes Tianguazi (Sweet Melon Seed). *Taiping Yulan* citing Wu Pu's *Bencao* says Gaban is Guazi. Zhang Lu's *Benjing Fengyuan* says: Tianguazi is Sweet Melon Seed瓣, a key medicine for internal abscesses of the intestines and stomach. *Qianjin Fang* treats Fei Yong with Weijing Tang; treats Chang Yong (Intestinal Abscess) with Dahuang Mudan Tang. I have used them, but they must be yellow, ripe, and sweet to avoid damaging the Stomach, which is correct. However, Ma Zhi in Bencao states: Among formulas, only Dongguazi (Winter Melon Seed) is used, not Tianguazi. Pan Shi's *Xu Yan* changing to Sigua ban (Loofah Seed) is unreliable.
*Waitai Miyao* Su You treats Bone-steaming Fei Wei with irritability and inability to eat, Lu Gen Yinzi (Reed Root Drink) formula.
Lugen (Rhizoma Phragmitis) (cut and weighed) Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) Digupi (Lygodii Cortex/Digitatae Cortex - likely referring to Di Gu Pi, Cortex Lycii) (each ten liang) Shengjiang (Fresh Zingiberis Rhizoma) (ten liang, cut with skin) Chupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) Fuling (Poria) (each five liang)
The above six ingredients are cut, boiled in two dou of water to obtain eight sheng, strain to remove dregs. Divide into five warm doses. Space doses by walking distance of eight or nine li. Take three times during the day, twice at night. Cover to induce sweating.