案本草苏敬云。香蒲可作荐者。春初生取白为菹。又苏颂云。其中心入地。白 大如匕柄者。生啖之。
知是蒲白。乃蒲 。一名蒲笋。
麋脂。及梅李子。若妊妇食之。令子青盲。男子伤精。（外台。引肘后云。麋脂不可合梅李食。）
〔程〕麋脂忌梅李。故不可合食。按麋蹄下有二窍。为夜
目。淮南子曰。孕女见麋而子四目。今食麋脂而令子青盲。物类相感。了不可知。其于胎教。不可不慎也。
又麋脂能痿阳伤精。麋角能兴阳益髓。何一体中。而性治顿异耶。
案李时珍云。麋似鹿而色青黑。大如小牛。肉蹄。目下有二窍为夜目。程云。蹄下有二窍恐误。
獐肉。不可合虾及生菜梅李果食之。皆病患。
〔程〕獐肉。十二月。至七月食之。动气。虾能动风热。生菜梅李。动痰。合食之。皆令人病。
痼疾人。不可食熊肉。令终身不愈。
〔程〕张鼎云。腹中有积聚寒热者。食熊肉。永不除。白犬。自死不出舌者。食之害人。
〔鉴〕凡犬死。必吐舌。惟中毒而死。其舌不吐。毒在内也。故食之害人。
食狗鼠余。令人发 疮。
〔程〕余。狗鼠之剩食也。其涎毒在食中。人食之则毒散于筋络。令发 疮。
巢源。养生方云。正月勿食鼠残食。作鼠 。发于颈项。或毒入腹。下血不止。或口生疮。如有虫食。
治食犬肉不消。心下坚。或腹胀口干大渴。心急发热。妄语如狂。或洞下方。（千金同）
杏仁（一升合皮熟研用。）
以沸汤三升。和取汁。分三服。利下肉片。大验。
〔程〕犬肉。畏杏仁。故能治犬肉不消。近人以之治狂犬咬。皆此意。
妇人妊娠。不可食兔肉山羊肉。及鳖鸡鸭。令子无声音。
〔程〕妊娠食兔肉。则令子缺唇。食羊肉。则令子多热。
食鳖肉。则令子项短。不令无声音也。若食犬肉。则令子无
声音。鸡鸭肉。胎产需以补益。二者不必忌之。
〔鉴〕此数者。妊妇皆不当食也。
案二说未详孰是。故两存之。
兔肉。不可合白鸡肉食之。令人面发黄。（外台引肘后云。兔肉。不可杂獭肉及白鸡心食。）
〔鉴〕二物合食。动脾气而发黄。故不可合食。
千金黄帝云。兔肉和獭肝食之。三日必成遁尸。共白鸡肝心食之。令人而失色。一年成疸黄。
兔肉。着干姜食之。成霍乱。
〔程〕兔肉味酸。干姜味辛。辛能胜酸。故合食之。成霍
乱。陶弘景曰。并不可与橘芥同食。二味亦辛物也。
凡鸟自死。口不闭。翅不合者。不可食之。（外台。引肘后。闭作开。）
〔程〕鸟自死。必敛翅闭口。若张翅开口。其死也异。其肉也必毒。不可食之。
诸禽肉。肝青者。食之杀人。
〔程〕青者。必毒物所伤。故食之能杀人。
鸡有六翮四距者。不可食之。（千金。引黄帝。作六距。本草。引食疗。作六指。）
〔鉴〕距。鸡脚爪也。形有怪异者。有毒。故不可食。
乌鸡白首者。不可食之。
〔鉴〕色有不相合者。有毒。不可食。
鸡不可共葫蒜食之。滞气。（〔原注〕一云。鸡子。○案葫蒜。即大蒜。）
〔程〕鸡。能动风。蒜。能动痰。风痰发动。则气壅滞。
山鸡。不可合鸟兽肉食之。
〔程〕山鸡。 鸡也。小于雉而尾长。人多畜之樊中。性
食虫蚁而有毒。非唯不可共鸟兽肉同食。即单食亦在所忌也。
雉肉。久食之。令人瘦。
〔程〕雉肉。有小毒。发疮疥。生诸虫。以此则令人瘦。
鸭卵不可合鳖肉食之。
〔程〕鸭卵性寒。发冷气。鳖肉性冷。亦发冷气。不可合食。
妇人妊娠。食雀肉。令子淫乱无耻。（金鉴。肉下。有饮酒二字。案此根据陶弘景注而补之。）
〔程〕雀性最淫。周书云。季秋雀入大水为蛤。雀不入水。国多淫 。物类相感。理所必然。妊
娠当戒食之。古慎胎教也。
雀肉。不可合李子食之。
〔程〕雀肉壮阳益气。得李子酸涩。则热性不行。故不可共食。
燕肉。勿食。入水为蛟龙所啖。
〔程〕淮南子曰。燕入水为蜃蛤。高诱注。谓蚊龙嗜燕。人食燕者。不可入水。而祈祷家。用燕
召龙。能兴波祈雨。故名游波。雷公曰。海竭江枯。投游波而立泛。其召龙之说。似亦有之也。
鸟兽有中毒箭死者。其肉有毒。解之方。大豆煮汁。及盐汁。服之解。
〔程〕箭药多是射罔毒。射罔。乃乌头所熬。大豆汁。能解乌头毒故也。咸能胜热。故盐亦解其毒。
巢源云。射猎人。多用射罔药。涂箭头。以射虫鹿伤皮则死。以其有毒故也。人获此肉。除箭处。
毒肉不尽。食之则被毒致死。其不死者。所误食肉处去毒箭远。毒瓦斯不深。
其毒则轻。虽不死。犹能令人困闷吐利。身体痹不安。罔药以生乌头捣汁。用作之是也。
案肘后云。肉有箭毒。以蓝汁大豆。解射罔毒。又外台。引张文仲云。禽兽有中毒箭死者其肉有毒。
可以蓝汁大豆。解射罔也。根据此则盐是蓝之讹。字形相似也。
千金云。甘草解百药毒。方称大豆汁解百药毒。余试之大悬绝不及甘草。又能加之为甘豆汤。其验尤奇。
鱼头正白。如连珠。至脊上。食之杀人。（以下四条。外台。引肘后。）
鱼头中。无鳃者。不可食之。杀人。（〔程〕能杀人。详酉阳杂俎。）
鱼无肠胆者。不可食之。三年阴不起。女子绝生。
鱼头。似有角者。不可食之。
鱼目合者。不可食之。
〔鉴〕以上皆怪异之形色。必有毒也。
六甲日。勿食鳞甲之物。
〔程〕六甲日。有六甲之神。以直日。食鳞甲。则犯其忌也。
本草思邈云。损人神。
鱼不可合鸡肉食之。（外台。引肘后。）
〔程〕今人常合食之。亦不见为害。或飞潜之物。合食所
当忌耶。或过之不消。则鱼能动火。鸡能动风。能令作病耶。
本草。弘景云。鸡同鱼汁食。成心瘕。
鱼不得合鸬 肉食之。（外台。引肘后。）
〔程〕鸬 食鱼物。相制而相犯也。不可合食。
本草。孟诜云。鸬 性制鱼。若合食不利人。
鲤鱼 。不可合小豆藿食之。其子不可合猪肝食之。害人。
〔程〕鲤鱼 。小豆藿。味皆咸。咸能胜血。故陶弘景云。合食成消渴。其子合猪肝食。伤人神。
〔鉴〕小豆藿。即小豆叶也。
鲤鱼。不可合犬肉食之。（外台。引肘后。犬上。有白字。）
〔程〕鲤鱼犬肉。俱令热中。不可合食。
鲫鱼。不可合猴雉肉食之。一云。不可合猪肝食。（外台。引肘后。雉肉。作猪肝。）
〔程〕鲫鱼。同猴雉肉猪肝食。生痈疽。
鱼。合鹿肉生食。令人筋甲缩。（外台。引肘后云。 鱼不可合鹿肉食之。）
〔程〕 鱼。 鱼也。 鱼鹿肉。皆能治风。生食反伤其筋脉。致令筋甲缩。
青鱼 。不可合生胡荽。及生葵并麦酱食之。（酱。原本作中。今根据程本金鉴改之。外台。引肘后。作酱。）
〔程〕青鱼 。不益人。胡荽生葵。能动风。发痼疾。必与青鱼 不相宜。 味咸。麦酱亦咸。合食必作消渴。
鳅鳝。不可合白犬血食之。
〔程〕鳅鳝。为无鳞鱼。白犬血。为地厌。非唯不可合食。
抑卫生家所当忌也。又鳅鳝善窜。能动风。白犬血。性热能动火。是不可合食。
龟肉。不可合酒果子食之。（外台。引肘后云。不可合瓜。及饮酒。）
〔程〕仲景以龟肉忌酒果子。而苏恭以龟肉酿酒。治大风。
陶弘景曰。龟多神灵。人不可轻杀。更不可轻啖也。果子。亦不知何果。
鳖目凹陷者。及厌下有王字形者。不可食之。（凹。赵作回。
非。厌。赵及外台。引肘后。作压。程金鉴。作腹。）
〔程〕淮南子曰。鳖无耳。以目为听。目凹陷则历年多。而神内守。故名曰神守。若有王字。则
物已灵异矣。食之有害。
案厌压。并与厣同。唐韵。厣于琰反。腹下厣。
其肉不得合鸡鸭子食之。（外台。引肘后。赵其上。有又字。）
〔程〕鳖肉令人患水。鸡子令人动风。鸭子令人气短。不可合食。
龟鳖肉。不可合苋菜食之。（外台。引肘后。）
〔程〕龟鳖肉。皆反苋菜。食之成鳖瘕。
陶弘景云。昔有人。锉鳖。以赤苋同包。置湿地。经旬皆成生鳖。
虾无须。及腹中通黑。煮之反白者。不可食之。（外台。引肘后。）
〔程〕无须。失虾之形。腹黑。必虾之毒。色白反虾之色。物既反常。必不可食。
食脍。饮乳酪。令人腹中生虫为瘕。
〔程〕 。乃生鱼所作。非胃弱所宜。乳酪之性。粘滞。合而食之。则停留于胃。为瘕为虫也。
食之。在心胸间不化。吐复不出。速下除之。久成 病。治之方。
橘皮（一两） 朴硝（二两） 大黄（二两○肘后千金用三两）
上三味。以水一大升。煮至小升。顿服即消。（案据千金。大升。当二升。小升。当一升。）
〔程〕橘皮。能解鱼毒。硝黄。能下 瘕。
千金。治食鱼 。及生肉。在胸膈中不化。吐之不出。便成 瘕。方。
浓朴（三两） 大黄（二两）
上二味。 咀。以酒二升。煮取一升。尽服立消。人强者。倍大黄。用酒三升。煮取二升。再服之。
又治食鱼 不消方。
大黄（三两切） 朴硝（二两）
上二味。以酒二升。煮取一升。顿服之。注云。仲景方。有橘皮一两。
肘后。食猪肉。遇冷不消。必成虫 。下之方。
大黄。朴硝。各一两。芒硝亦佳。煮取一升。尽服之。若不消。并皮研杏子。汤三升和。三服。吐出。神验。
食 多不消。结为 病。治之方。（外台。引肘后。作疗食 过多。冷不消。不疗必成虫瘕。）
马鞭草
上一味。捣汁饮之。○或以姜叶汁。饮之一升。亦消。○又可服吐药吐之。（外台。引肘后。作
马鞭草。捣绞取汁。饮一升。即消去。亦宜服诸吐药吐之。千金同。云生姜亦良。）
〔程〕马鞭草。味苦寒。下 瘕破血。姜叶。亦能解鱼毒。
食鱼后。食毒。两种烦乱。治之方。（千金注。引肘后云。治食鱼中毒。面肿烦乱者。今本。面肿以下无。）
橘皮
浓煎汁。服之。即解。（千金云。煮橘皮。停极冷冻饮料。立验。）
〔程〕神农经曰。橘皮。主胸中瘕热逆气。通神明。鱼毒食毒。俱可解。
食 鱼。中毒方。（徐沈无 字。非。）
芦根
煮汁服之。即解。（肘后云。食鲈鱼肝。及 鱼。中毒。锉芦根。煮汁饮一二升。良。）
〔鉴〕 。即河豚鱼。味美。其腹 。呼为西施乳。头无鳃。身无鳞。其肝毒血杀人。脂令舌麻。
子令腹胀。眼令目花。惟芦根汁能解之。
〔程〕河豚。畏芦根。故其汁可解其毒。
巢源云。此鱼肝。及腹内子。有大毒。不可食。食之往往致死。
蟹目相向。足斑。目赤者。不可食之。（外台。引肘后。）
〔程〕蟹骨眼而相背。相向者其蟹异。足斑目赤者。其蟹毒。故不可食。
食蟹。中毒治之方。
紫苏
煮汁。饮之三升。○紫苏子。捣汁饮之。亦良。（徐沈。脱子字。）
外台。引肘后。疗食蟹。及诸肴膳中毒方。浓煮香苏。
饮汁一升解。本仲景方。证类本草。引金匮方。三升下云。以子汁饮之。亦治凡蟹未经霜多毒。
又方 冬瓜汁。饮二升。食冬瓜。亦可。
〔程〕紫苏。冬瓜。并解鱼蟹毒。
傅肱蟹谱云。不可与柿子同食。发霍乱。孟诜云。大黄紫苏冬瓜汁。解之即瘥。
凡蟹。未遇霜多毒。其熟者乃可食之。（外台。引肘后。者。作煮。）
〔程〕未遇霜者。霜降节前也。节前食水莨菪。故有毒。
霜降节后。食稻将蛰。则熟而味美。乃可食也。莨菪。生水滨。有大毒。
巢源云。此蟹食水莨。水莨有大毒。故蟹亦有毒。则闷乱欲死。若经霜以后。遇毒。即不能害人。未被
霜蟹。煮食之。则多有中毒令人闷乱。精神不安。肘后云。是水莨所为。蟛蜞亦有毒。蔡谟食之几死。本
草云。未被霜。甚有毒。食水莨菪所致。人中之多死。霜后将蛰。故味美。乃可食之。
案熟字。外台巢源为熟煮之义。然蟹非可生食物。则其不熟煮者。人亦不食。因疑熟。或者蛰之讹。
蜘蛛。落食中。有毒勿食之。
〔程〕蜘蛛有毒。落食中。或有尿。有丝。粘食上。故不可食。
凡蜂蝇虫蚁等。多集食上。食之致 。
〔程〕蜂蝇虫蚁。禀湿热而有毒。集食上而人食之。湿热之毒。传于肌肉。致生 疮。
案巢源。有蜂 蝇 蚁 。皆由饮食内有蜂蝇等。因误
食之。毒入于五脏。流出经络。变生诸 。证证各异。今不繁引。
据《本草》苏敬记载：香蒲可以用作席子。初春时生出，取白色的部分做成腌菜（菹）。又据苏颂记载：其中心入地部分，白色如勺柄大小者，生吃即可。
由此可知“蒲白”，就是蒲笋，又名蒲笋。
麋鹿的脂肪，以及梅子、李子，如果孕妇食用，会导致孩子患青盲症（视力障碍/失明）；男子食用会损伤精气。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》说：麋脂不可与梅李同食。）
〔程林〕麋脂忌梅李，所以不可一起食用。按麋鹿蹄下有两个窍孔，称为“夜目”。《淮南子》说：怀孕女子看见麋鹿，所生子女会有四只眼睛。现在吃麋脂导致孩子青盲，这是物类相感的结果，实在无法知晓其中的道理。对于胎教，不可不谨慎啊。
另外，麋脂能痿软阳气、损伤精气；麋角却能兴发阳气、补益骨髓。为什么同一生物体内，药性功效却截然相反呢？
据李时珍记载：麋像鹿但颜色青黑，体型如小牛，肉蹄，目下有两个窍孔作为夜目。程林说：蹄下有二窍恐怕是误传。
獐肉，不可与虾、生菜、梅、李等水果同食，否则都会引发疾病。
〔程林〕獐肉在十二月至七月期间食用，会引动气机。虾能引动风热，生菜和梅李会引动痰湿，一起食用都会使人患病。
患有顽固性疾病的人，不可吃熊肉，否则会导致终身不愈。
〔程林〕张鼎说：腹中有积聚寒热病症的人，吃熊肉，永远无法治愈。白狗如果是自然死亡且舌头未伸出的，吃了会害人。
〔赵良鉴〕凡是狗死，必定吐出舌头。只有中毒而死，舌头才不伸出，因为毒气在内。所以吃了会害人。
吃了狗或老鼠剩下的食物，会让人发生恶疮。
〔程林〕“余”指狗鼠剩食。它们的唾液毒素存在于食物中，人吃了后毒素散于筋络，导致发生恶疮。
《诸病源候论·养生方》说：正月不要吃老鼠残剩的食物，否则会引发颈部项部的鼠瘘（淋巴结核），或者毒气入腹，导致下血不止，或者口内生疮，感觉像有虫子在啃食。
治疗因食用犬肉不消化，导致心下坚硬，或者腹胀、口干大渴、心急发热、胡言乱语如狂，或者腹泻洞泄的方法。（《千金方》相同）
杏仁（一升，带皮煮熟后研磨使用）
用三升沸水，调和取汁。分三次服用。能排出肉片，效果显著。
〔程林〕犬肉畏杏仁，所以能治疗犬肉不消。近代人用它治疗狂犬咬伤，也是这个原理。
妇女妊娠期间，不可吃兔肉、山羊肉，以及鳖、鸡、鸭肉，否则会导致孩子没有声音。
〔程林〕妊娠期间吃兔肉，会导致孩子缺唇；吃羊肉，会导致孩子多热。
吃鳖肉，会导致孩子脖子短，并不会导致没有声音。如果吃犬肉，才会导致孩子没有声音。鸡肉和鸭肉，胎产需要以补益为主，这两者不必忌讳。
〔赵良鉴〕这几样东西，孕妇都不应当吃。
据考证，两种说法不详孰是孰非，所以并存保留。
兔肉，不可与白鸡肉同食，否则会导致人脸发黄。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》说：兔肉，不可杂獭肉及白鸡心同食。）
〔赵良鉴〕这两种食物合食，会扰动脾气而导致发黄，所以不可同食。
《千金方》黄帝说：兔肉和獭肝同食，三天必成遁尸（一种伏梁病）。与白鸡肝心同食，让人面色失色，一年后形成黄疸。
兔肉，若加干姜同食，会引发霍乱。
〔程林〕兔肉味酸，干姜味辛，辛能胜酸，所以合食会引发霍乱。陶弘景说：也不可与橘皮、芥菜同食，这两味也是辛物。
凡是鸟自死，嘴巴不闭，翅膀不合并的，不可食用。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，将“闭”作“开”。）
〔程林〕鸟自死，必定收敛翅膀闭上嘴巴。如果张开翅膀张开嘴巴，说明死状异常，其肉必然有毒，不可食用。
各种禽肉的肝脏呈青色的，食用会杀人。
〔程林〕青色，一定是被毒物所伤，所以食用能杀人。
鸡如果有六根主羽（翮）和四个距（脚爪后的突起），不可食用。（《千金方》引用《黄帝内经》作“六距”，《本草》引用《食疗本草》作“六指”。）
〔赵良鉴〕距，是鸡脚爪。形状有怪异者，有毒，所以不可食用。
乌鸡白头发的，不可食用。
〔赵良鉴〕颜色不相协调者，有毒，不可食用。
鸡不可与葫蒜（大蒜）同食，会导致气机阻滞。（〔原注〕一说为鸡蛋。○考证：葫蒜即大蒜。）
〔程林〕鸡能动风，蒜能动痰，风痰发动，则气机壅滞。
山鸡，不可与鸟兽肉同食。
〔程林〕山鸡，是野鸡。比雉小但尾巴长，人们多在笼中饲养。它性情喜食虫蚁而有毒，不仅不可与鸟兽肉同食，即使单独食用也在禁忌之列。
雉肉，长期食用会让人消瘦。
〔程林〕雉肉有小毒，会诱发疮疥，滋生各种寄生虫，因此让人消瘦。
鸭蛋不可与鳖肉同食。
〔程林〕鸭蛋性寒，引发冷气；鳖肉性冷，也引发冷气，不可同食。
妇女妊娠期间，吃雀肉，会导致孩子淫乱无耻。（《医宗金鉴》在“肉”字下有“饮酒”二字。考证：此根据陶弘景注而补充。）
〔程林〕雀性最淫，《周书》说：季秋时节雀入大水化为蛤。雀不入水，国家多淫乱之事，这是物类相感，理所当然。妊娠期应当戒食。这是古代慎重的胎教。
雀肉，不可与李一同食。
〔程林〕雀肉壮阳益气，得到李子的酸涩，则热性不行，所以不可同食。
燕肉，不要食用。入水会被蛟龙吞食。
〔程林〕《淮南子》说：燕入水化为蜃蛤。高诱注解说：谓蛟龙嗜食燕子。人吃燕子，不可入水。而祈祷家，用燕子召龙，能兴波祈雨，所以名叫游波。雷公说：海竭江枯时，投掷游波立刻泛起波浪。这种召龙的说法，似乎也有道理。
鸟兽中有被毒箭射死的，其肉有毒。解毒的方法是：煮大豆汁，以及盐汁，服用可解。
〔程林〕箭药多是射罔毒。射罔，是用乌头熬制的。大豆汁能解乌头毒。咸能胜热，所以盐也能解毒。
《诸病源候论》说：射猎的人，多用射罔药涂在箭头，用来射杀虫鹿，伤了皮毛就会死，因为有毒的缘故。人获得这种肉，除去箭处，如果毒肉没除尽，吃了就会被毒致死。不死的人，是因为误食的肉处离毒箭远，毒气不深，毒性较轻，虽然不死，仍能令人困闷吐利，身体麻痹不安。罔药是用生乌头捣汁制成的。
据《肘后备急方》说：肉有箭毒，用蓝汁和大豆可解射罔毒。又《外台秘要》引用张文仲说：禽兽有被毒箭射死，其肉有毒，可以用蓝汁和大豆解射罔毒。据此，盐字可能是蓝字的讹误，因为字形相似。
《千金方》说：甘草能解百药毒，方书中称大豆汁能解百药毒。我试用后发现，大豆汁远远不及甘草。又能加入甘草制成甘豆汤，其疗效尤其神奇。
鱼头正白色，如连珠状，延伸至脊背上的，食用会杀人。（以下四条，《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》。）
鱼头中，没有鳃的，不可食用，会杀人。（〔程林〕能杀人，详见《酉阳杂俎》。）
鱼没有肠子和胆的，不可食用。男子三年阴不起，女子绝育。
鱼头似有角的，不可食用。
鱼眼睛闭合的，不可食用。
〔赵良鉴〕以上都是怪异的颜色形状，必然有毒。
六甲日，不要吃鳞甲类动物。
〔程林〕六甲日，有六甲神值日。吃鳞甲类食物，就触犯了禁忌。
《本草》思邈说：损害人的精神。
鱼不可与鸡肉同食。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》。）
〔程林〕现在人常一起食用，也没见有害。或者是飞潜之物，合食应当忌讳吗？或者是吃多了不消化，鱼能动火，鸡能动风，能让人生病吗？
《本草》弘景说：鸡同鱼汁同食，会形成心瘕。
鱼不得与鸬鹚肉同食。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》。）
〔程林〕鸬鹚吃鱼，相互制约又相互冲突，不可同食。
《本草》孟诜说：鸬鹚性制鱼，如果合食对人不利。
鲤鱼鲊（腌鱼），不可与小豆藿（小豆叶）同食。鲤鱼的子（卵），不可与猪肝同食，害人。
〔程林〕鲤鱼鲊、小豆藿，味道都咸，咸能胜血，所以陶弘景说：合食成消渴病。其子合猪肝食，伤人神。
〔赵良鉴〕小豆藿，就是小豆叶。
鲤鱼，不可与犬肉同食。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，犬上有“白”字。）
〔程林〕鲤鱼、犬肉，都令热气在中焦，不可同食。
鲫鱼，不可与猴肉、雉肉同食。一说，不可与猪肝同食。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，雉肉作猪肝。）
〔程林〕鲫鱼，同猴肉、雉肉、猪肝同食，生痈疽。
鱼，与鹿肉生食，会让人筋甲收缩。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》说：鮧鱼不可与鹿肉同食。）
〔程林〕鮧鱼，是一种鱼。鮧鱼、鹿肉，都能治风，生食反而伤害筋脉，导致筋甲收缩。
青鱼鲊，不可与生胡荽（香菜）、生葵菜以及麦酱同食。（酱，原本作“中”，今根据程林本《金鉴》改为“酱”。《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，作“酱”。）
〔程林〕青鱼鲊，不益于人。胡荽、生葵，能动风，引发顽疾，必定与青鱼鲊不相宜。鲊味咸，麦酱亦咸，合食必成消渴病。
泥鳅黄鳝，不可与白犬血同食。
〔程林〕泥鳅黄鳝，是无鳞鱼。白犬血，是地厌（邪气）。不仅不可同食，也是养生家所忌讳的。另外泥鳅黄鳝善于钻窜，能动风；白犬血色热，能动火，所以不可同食。
龟肉，不可与酒、果子同食。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》说：不可与瓜及饮酒同食。）
〔程林〕张仲景认为龟肉忌酒果子，而苏恭认为龟肉酿酒，治大风病。
陶弘景说：龟多神灵，人不可轻杀，更不可轻食。果子，也不知是什么果。
鳖眼睛凹陷的，以及腹下压盖（厣）上有王字形纹路的，不可食用。（凹，赵本作回，不对。厌，赵本及《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，作压。程林《金鉴》，作腹。）
〔程林〕《淮南子》说：鳖无耳，以目为听。眼睛凹陷则历年久，而神内守，所以名叫神守。若有王字纹路，则物已灵异，食用有害。
考证：厌、压，并与“厣”同音义。《唐韵》：厣于琰反。腹下厣。
鳖肉，不得与鸡、鸭、蛋同食。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，赵本其上还有“又”字。）
〔程林〕鳖肉令人患水肿，鸡蛋令人动风，鸭子令人气短，不可同食。
龟鳖肉，不可与苋菜同食。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》。）
〔程林〕龟鳖肉，皆反苋菜，食用成鳖瘕。
陶弘景说：从前有人，切碎鳖，用赤苋菜同包，放在湿地，经过十天都变成活鳖。
虾没有须，以及腹部中间通黑的，煮之反而变白的，不可食用。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》。）
〔程林〕无须，失去了虾的形状；腹黑，必然是虾的毒素；色白反了虾的本色。事物既反常，必不可食。
吃生鱼脍，喝乳酪，会让人腹中生虫成瘕。
〔程林〕脍，乃生鱼所作，不适合胃弱之人。乳酪之性粘滞，合而食之，则停留于胃，形成瘕和虫。
吃下去后，在心胸间不化，想吐又吐不出，速用下方去除，久了成为疳病。治疗方：
橘皮（一两） 朴硝（二两） 大黄（二两○《肘后方》《千金方》用三两）
以上三味，用水一大升，煮至一小升，一次服下即消。（考证：据《千金方》，大升当二升，小升当一升。）
〔程林〕橘皮，能解鱼毒；硝黄，能下疳瘕。
《千金方》：治疗食鱼脍及生肉，在胸膈中不化，吐之不出，便成疳瘕的方子。
浓朴（三两） 大黄（二两）
以上两味，锉碎，用酒二升，煮取一升，全部服下立消。身体强壮者，加倍大黄，用酒三升，煮取二升，再服。
又治疗食鱼脍不消化的方子。
大黄（三两切） 朴硝（二两）
以上两味，用酒二升，煮取一升，顿服。注云：张仲景方，有一两橘皮。
《肘后备急方》：食猪肉，遇冷不消，必成虫疳的下法方。
大黄、朴硝，各一两。芒硝也可以。煮取一升，全部服下。如果不消，并研碎杏子，用汤三升调和，分三服，吐出，神效。
食脍过多不消化，结为疳病。治疗方。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，作疗食脍过多，冷不消，不疗必成虫瘕。）
马鞭草
以上一味，捣汁饮用。○或者用姜叶汁，饮一升，也能消。○又可服吐药吐之。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，作马鞭草，捣绞取汁，饮一升，即消去。也宜服诸吐药吐之。《千金方》相同，云生姜亦良。）
〔程林〕马鞭草，味苦寒，下疳瘕破血；姜叶，也能解鱼毒。
食鱼后，食毒，两种烦乱。治疗方。（《千金方》注，引用《肘后备急方》说：治食鱼中毒，面肿烦乱者。今本，面肿以下无。）
橘皮
浓煎汁，服用，即解。（《千金方》说：煮橘皮，停极冷冻饮料，立验。）
〔程林〕《神农经》说：橘皮，主胸中瘕热逆气，通神明。鱼毒食毒，俱可解。
食鮧鱼，中毒方。（徐沈本无“鮧”字，不对。）
芦根
煮汁服用，即解。（《肘后备急方》说：食鲈鱼肝及鮧鱼，中毒，锉芦根，煮汁饮一二升，良。）
〔赵良鉴〕鮧，即河豚鱼，味美。其腹肥，呼为西施乳。头无鳃，身无鳞。其肝毒血杀人，脂令舌麻，子令腹胀，眼令目花。惟芦根汁能解之。
〔程林〕河豚，畏芦根，故其汁可解其毒。
《诸病源候论》说：此鱼肝，及腹内子，有大毒，不可食。食之往往致死。
蟹眼睛相对，足斑，目赤的，不可食用。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》。）
〔程林〕蟹骨眼而相背，相向者其蟹异。足斑目赤者，其蟹毒，所以不可食。
食蟹中毒的治疗方。
紫苏
煮汁，饮三升。○紫苏子，捣汁饮，亦良。（徐沈本脱“子”字。）
《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，疗食蟹及诸肴膳中毒方。浓煮香苏，饮汁一升解。本是张仲景方。《证类本草》引用《金匮方》，三升下云：以子汁饮之，亦治凡蟹未经霜多毒。
又一方：冬瓜汁，饮二升。食冬瓜，亦可。
〔程林〕紫苏、冬瓜，并解鱼蟹毒。
傅肱《蟹谱》说：不可与柿子同食，发霍乱。孟诜说：大黄、紫苏、冬瓜汁，解之即瘥。
凡是蟹，未遇霜的多毒，熟透的才可食用。（《外台秘要》引用《肘后备急方》，“者”作“煮”。）
〔程林〕未遇霜者，霜降节前也。节前食水莨菪，故有毒。
霜降节后，食稻将蛰，则熟而味美，乃可食也。莨菪，生水滨，有大毒。
《诸病源候论》说：此蟹食水莨，水莨有大毒，故蟹亦有毒。则闷乱欲死。若经霜以后，遇毒，即不能害人。未被霜蟹，煮食之，则多有中毒令人闷乱，精神不安。《肘后备急方》说：是水莨所为。蟛蜞也有毒，蔡谟食之几死。《本草》说：未被霜，甚有毒，食水莨菪所致。人中之多死。霜后将蛰，故味美，乃可食之。
考证：“熟”字，《外台》《巢源》为熟煮之义。然蟹非可生食物，则其不熟煮者，人亦不食。因疑“熟”，或许是“蛰”的讹误。
蜘蛛，落入食物中，有毒勿食。
〔程林〕蜘蛛有毒，落入食物中，或有尿，有丝，粘在食物上，所以不可食。
凡是蜂蝇虫蚁等，多聚集在食物上，吃了会导致恶疮。
〔程林〕蜂蝇虫蚁，禀湿热而有毒，集食物上而人食之，湿热之毒，传于肌肉，致生恶疮。
考证：《诸病源候论》有蜂蝇虫蚁疮，皆由饮食内有蜂蝇等，因误食之，毒入于五脏，流出经络，变生诸疮，证证各异。今不繁引。
According to Su Jing's *Bencao* (Materia Medica): Cattail (*Pu*) can be used as mats. In early spring, when it sprouts, the white part is harvested and pickled (Zu). Furthermore, Su Song records: The central part that enters the ground, white and about the size of a spoon handle, can be eaten raw.
Thus, "Pu Bai" (Cattail White) is identified as the cattail shoot, also known as Pu Sun.
Elk fat (*Mi Zhi*), along with plums (*Mei*) and Chinese dates (*Li*), if consumed by pregnant women, may cause their children to suffer from Qing Mang (blindness/vision impairment); in men, it damages the essence (Jing). (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Elk fat should not be eaten with plums or Chinese dates.)
[Cheng Lin] Elk fat is incompatible with plums and Chinese dates, hence they should not be eaten together. It is recorded that elk hooves have two pores, called "Night Eyes." *Huainanzi* states: If a pregnant woman sees an elk, her child will have four eyes. Now, eating elk fat causing blindness in the child is due to the resonance between species, which is incomprehensible. One must be cautious regarding prenatal education (Tai Jiao).
Moreover, elk fat can flaccidize Yang Qi and damage essence, whereas elk horn can stimulate Yang and benefit marrow. Why do they differ so drastically in nature and therapeutic effects within the same organism?
Li Shizhen records: The elk resembles a deer but is dark green-black in color, sized like a calf, has cloven hooves, and two pores under the eyes for night vision. Cheng Lin suggests that the claim of two pores under the hooves might be erroneous.
Chevrotain meat (*Zhang Rou*) should not be eaten with shrimp, raw vegetables, plums, or other fruits, as this will induce disease.
[Cheng Lin] Eating chevrotain meat between the twelfth and seventh months agitates Qi. Shrimp induces wind-heat; raw vegetables and plums induce phlegm-dampness. Consuming them together causes illness.
Individuals with chronic diseases (*Gu Ji*) should not consume bear meat, as it may lead to lifelong non-healing.
[Cheng Lin] Zhang Ding states: Those with accumulations of cold and heat in the abdomen who eat bear meat will never recover. If a white dog dies naturally without its tongue protruding, consuming it harms humans.
[Zhao Liangjian] When dogs die, they invariably protrude their tongues. Only when dying from poisoning does the tongue remain inside, indicating internal toxicity. Thus, consumption is harmful.
Consuming leftovers from dogs or rats causes malignant sores.
[Cheng Lin] "Leftovers" refer to food remnants from dogs and rats. Their saliva toxins reside in the food; ingestion disperses toxins into the sinews and collaterals, inducing malignant sores.
*Zhuzhu Bingyuan Hulun · Yangsheng Fang* states: Do not consume rat residues in the first lunar month, as it triggers Shu Lou (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis) on the neck, or allows toxin entry into the abdomen causing persistent hematochezia, or oral ulcers feeling like insect bites.
Treatment for indigestion of dog meat, presenting with hardness below the heart, abdominal distension, dry mouth with excessive thirst, cardiac irritability, fever, delirium resembling mania, or profuse diarrhea. (*Qianjin Fang* is identical.)
Apricot Kernels (*Xing Ren*) (1 sheng, processed with skin, cooked and ground)
Mix with 3 sheng of boiling water, extract the juice, and divide into three doses. This effectively expels undigested meat fragments.
[Cheng Lin] Dog meat fears apricot kernels, thus treating indigestion. Modern usage for rabies bites follows this principle.
Pregnant women should avoid rabbit meat, wild goat meat, turtle, chicken, and duck meat, lest the child be born mute.
[Cheng Lin] Rabbit meat during pregnancy causes cleft lip; mutton causes excess heat. Turtle meat causes a short neck, not muteness. Dog meat causes muteness. Chicken and duck are nourishing for gestation and childbirth and need not be avoided.
[Zhao Liangjian] All these are contraindicated for pregnant women.
Since both theories are unclear, both are preserved.
Rabbit meat should not be eaten with white chicken meat, as it causes facial yellowing. (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Rabbit meat should not be mixed with otter meat or white chicken hearts.)
[Zhao Liangjian] These two foods combined disturb Spleen Qi, leading to jaundice; hence, they should not be eaten together.
*Qianjin Fang* (Huangdi) states: Rabbit meat with otter liver causes Dun Shi (a type of latent accumulation) within three days. With white chicken liver and heart, it causes pallor and leads to jaundice after one year.
Rabbit meat eaten with dried ginger (*Gan Jiang*) causes Huoluan (cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea).
[Cheng Lin] Rabbit meat is sour; dried ginger is pungent. Pungency overcomes sourness, causing Huoluan when combined. Tao Hongjing adds: Neither should be eaten with tangerine peel or mustard greens, as they are also pungent.
Birds that die naturally with mouths open and wings spread should not be eaten. (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*, reading "open" instead of "closed".)
[Cheng Lin] Naturally dead birds retract wings and close mouths. Open wings and mouths indicate abnormal death and toxic meat.
Poultry livers that are green are lethal if consumed.
[Cheng Lin] Green color indicates poisoning by toxic substances; thus, consumption is fatal.
Chickens with six primary flight feathers (*He*) and four spurs (*Ju*) should not be eaten. (*Qianjin Fang* cites *Huangdi Nei Jing* as "six spurs"; *Bencao* cites *Shiliao* as "six toes".)
[Zhao Liangjian] Spurs are the claws' projections. Abnormal morphology indicates toxicity; hence, avoidance.
Black chickens with white heads should not be eaten.
[Zhao Liangjian] Discolored mismatches indicate toxicity; hence, avoidance.
Chicken should not be eaten with garlic (*Hu Suan*), as it stagnates Qi. ([Original Note]: Some say egg. ○考证: Hu Suan refers to garlic.)
[Cheng Lin] Chicken induces wind; garlic induces phlegm. Wind-phlegm agitation causes Qi stagnation.
Pheasant (*Shan Ji*) should not be eaten with other bird or beast meats.
[Cheng Lin] Shan Ji is a wild pheasant, smaller than common pheasants with long tails, often kept in cages. It eats insects and ants and possesses toxicity. It is forbidden not only to mix with other meats but also to eat alone.
Pheasant meat, if consumed long-term, causes emaciation.
[Cheng Lin] Pheasant meat has slight toxicity, inducing sores, scabies, and parasites, leading to weight loss.
Duck eggs should not be eaten with turtle meat.
[Cheng Lin] Duck eggs are cold-natured, inducing cold qi; turtle meat is also cold, inducing cold qi. They should not be combined.
Pregnant women eating sparrow meat may give birth to children prone to licentiousness and shamelessness. (*Yizong Jinjian* adds "drinking wine" after "meat".考证: Based on Tao Hongjing's annotation.)
[Cheng Lin] Sparrows are highly lustful. *Zhou Shu* notes: In late autumn, sparrows enter large waters and transform into clams. If sparrows do not enter water, the state suffers from licentiousness. This is species resonance. Pregnancy requires abstinence. This reflects ancient caution in prenatal education.
Sparrow meat should not be eaten with plums.
[Cheng Lin] Sparrow meat strengthens Yang and benefits Qi; plum's astringency blocks this heat, making combination inadvisable.
Swallow meat should not be eaten. Entering water, it is devoured by dragons.
[Cheng Lin] *Huainanzi* states: Swallows entering water transform into clams. Gao You's commentary: Dragons favor swallows. Humans eating swallows should not enter water. Prayers use swallows to summon dragons for rain, named "You Bo". Leigong says: Throwing You Bo into dry rivers instantly creates waves. This theory seems plausible.
Birds or beasts killed by poisoned arrows have toxic meat. Antidote: Decoct soybeans (*Da Dou*) or salt water.
[Cheng Lin] Arrow poison is often She Wang (aconite extract). Soybean juice resolves aconite toxicity. Salt overcomes heat, thus resolving toxicity.
*Zhuzhu Bingyuan Hulun* states: Hunters use She Wang on arrows. Skin wounds are fatal due to toxicity. Removing the arrow site leaves residual toxin; ingestion causes death. Survivors ate meat far from the arrow, where toxin was mild, causing dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, and numbness. She Wang is made from fresh aconite juice.
*Zhouhou Beiji Fang* states: Blue juice (*Lan Zhi*) and soybeans resolve She Wang toxicity. *Waitai Miyao* cites Zhang Wenzhong: Poisoned meat can be detoxified with blue juice and soybeans. Thus, "salt" is likely a graphical error for "blue".
*Qianjin Fang* states: Licorice (*Gan Cao*) resolves all drug poisons. Formulas cite soybean juice for this purpose. My tests show soybean juice is inferior to licorice. Adding licorice creates Gandou Tang, which is remarkably effective.
Fish heads pure white, beaded, extending to the spine are lethal. (Next four items cited from *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* via *Waitai Miyao*.)
Fish heads lacking gills are lethal. ([Cheng Lin]: See *Youyang Zazu* for details.)
Fish lacking intestines and gallbladders cause impotence in men for three years and sterility in women.
Fish heads resembling horns are inedible.
Fish with closed eyes are inedible.
[Zhao Liangjian] These morphological anomalies indicate toxicity.
On Liu Jia days, avoid scale-covered or shelled creatures.
[Cheng Lin] Liu Jia days have deities presiding. Eating scales/shells violates taboos.
*Sibiao Bencao* (Sun Simiao) states: Damages spirit.
Fish should not be eaten with chicken. (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*.)
[Cheng Lin] People often eat them together without harm. Perhaps flying/swimming meats should be avoided? Or does indigestion occur because fish generates fire and chicken generates wind?
Hong Jing states: Chicken with fish broth causes Xin Jia (cardiac mass).
Fish should not be eaten with cormorant meat. (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*.)
[Cheng Lin] Cormorants prey on fish; they counteract each other. Avoid combination.
Meng Shen states: Cormorant nature restricts fish; combination is unfavorable.
Carp paste (*Li Yu Zha*) should not be eaten with mung bean leaves (*Xiao Dou Huo*). Carp roe should not be eaten with pig liver, as it harms humans.
[Cheng Lin] Both carp paste and mung bean leaves are salty; salt overcomes blood, causing Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst). Roe with pig liver harms spirit.
[Zhao Liangjian] Xiao Dou Huo is mung bean leaf.
Carp should not be eaten with dog meat. (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*; "white" added before dog.)
[Cheng Lin] Both carp and dog meat generate internal heat; avoid combination.
Crucian carp should not be eaten with monkey or pheasant meat. Alternatively, avoid pig liver. (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*; reads pig liver instead of pheasant.)
[Cheng Lin] Crucian carp with monkey/pheasant/pig liver induces carbuncles and sores.
Raw fish with deer meat causes contraction of tendons and nails. (*Waitai Miyao* cites *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Bao Yu with deer meat.)
[Cheng Lin] Bao Yu and deer meat treat wind; raw consumption injures sinews, causing contraction.
Green carp paste should not be eaten with raw cilantro (*Hu Sui*), raw okra (*Sheng Kui*), or wheat sauce. (Sauce originally read "Zhong", corrected per Cheng Lin/Jin Jian. *Waitai* reads "Sauce".)
[Cheng Lin] Green carp paste is unbeneficial. Raw cilantro and okra induce wind and aggravate chronic diseases, incompatible with paste. Paste is salty; wheat sauce is salty; combination causes Xiao Ke.
Loach and eel should not be eaten with white dog blood.
[Cheng Lin] Loach/eel are scaleless fish; white dog blood is "Di Yan" (earth evil). Forbidden for health preservation. Loach/eel move vigorously, inducing wind; white dog blood is hot, inducing fire. Avoid combination.
Turtle meat should not be eaten with alcohol or fruits. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*: Avoid melon and alcohol.)
[Cheng Lin] Zhang Zhongjing forbids alcohol/fruits with turtle; Su Gong uses turtle wine for severe wind-dampness.
Tao Hongjing: Turtles possess spirituality; do not kill or eat lightly. Fruit type unspecified.
Turtles with sunken eyes or a "W" pattern on the ventral shell (*Yan*) are inedible. (Sunken: Zhao reads "Hui", incorrect. Yan: Zhao/*Waitai* read "Ya"; Cheng Lin/Jin Jian read "Abdomen".)
[Cheng Lin] *Huainanzi*: Turtles hear with eyes. Sunken eyes indicate age and guarded spirit ("Shen Shou"). "W" pattern indicates spiritual anomaly; consumption is harmful.
考证: Yan/Ya corresponds to *Yan* (shell plate). *Tang Yun*: Pronounced "Yan". Ventral shell plate.
Turtle meat should not be eaten with chicken, duck, or eggs. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*; Zhao adds "again".)
[Cheng Lin] Turtle causes edema; eggs induce wind; ducks cause shortness of breath. Avoid combination.
Turtle/tortoise meat should not be eaten with amaranth (*Xian Cai*). (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*.)
[Cheng Lin] Turtle/tortoise opposes amaranth; consumption causes Bie Jia (turtle mass).
Tao Hongjing: Someone wrapped chopped turtle with red amaranth in damp soil; after ten days, live turtles emerged.
Shrimp without whiskers, black through the belly, or turning white upon cooking are inedible. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*.)
[Cheng Lin] Lack of whiskers alters form; black belly indicates toxin; whitening reverses natural color. Abnormality dictates inedibility.
Eating raw fish slices (*Kuai*) with milk/cheese causes intestinal worms and masses.
[Cheng Lin] Kuai is raw fish, unsuitable for weak stomachs. Milk/cheese is sticky; combination stagnates in the stomach, forming masses/worms.
If food remains undigested in the chest, unable to vomit, treat immediately to prevent Gan disease. Formula:
Tangerine Peel (*Ju Pi*) (1 liang)
Magnesium Sulfate (*Po Xiao*) (2 liang)
Rhubarb (*Da Huang*) (2 liang [Zhouhou/Qianjin use 3 liang])
Decoct in 1 da sheng water until 1 xiao sheng remains. Take once. (考证: Per Qianjin, da sheng = 2 sheng, xiao sheng = 1 sheng.)
[Cheng Lin] Ju Pi resolves fish toxin; Po Xiao/Da Huang purge masses.
*Qianjin Fang*: For undigested fish/raw meat in chest/thorax causing Gan Jia.
Magnolia Bark (*Nong Po*) (3 liang)
Rhubarb (*Da Huang*) (2 liang)
Cinchona/Cinchona bark (implied by context of processing), decoct in 2 sheng wine until 1 sheng remains. Drink all. Strong patients double Rhubarb, use 3 sheng wine, boil to 2 sheng, take twice.
Another formula for indigestion of fish slices:
Rhubarb (*Da Huang*) (3 liang, sliced)
Magnesium Sulfate (*Po Xiao*) (2 liang)
Decoct in 2 sheng wine until 1 sheng remains. Take at once. Note: Zhang Zhongjing's formula includes 1 liang Tangerine Peel.
*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Pork indigestion due to cold, leading to worm-Gan. Purge formula:
Rhubarb, Magnolia Bark (1 liang each). Glauber's salt (*Mang Xiao*) is also good. Decoct to 1 sheng. Take all. If unresolved, grind apricot kernels, mix with 3 sheng soup, take in three doses to induce vomiting. Divine efficacy.
Excessive raw fish intake causing Gan disease. Formula. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*: Treat excessive raw fish, cold indigestion, preventing worm-mass.)
Verbenae Caulis (*Ma Bian Cao*)
Grind and drink juice. ○ Alternatively, drink 1 sheng ginger leaf juice. ○ Or induce vomiting. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*: Grind verbenae, drink 1 sheng juice to resolve. Also suitable to induce vomiting. *Qianjin* agrees, ginger is good.)
[Cheng Lin] Verbenae is bitter/cold, purges masses/blood stasis; ginger leaf resolves fish toxin.
Post-fish consumption, dual toxicity causing agitation. Formula. (*Qianjin* note cites *Zhouhou*: Treat fish poisoning with facial swelling/agitation. Current text lacks facial swelling section.)
Tangerine Peel (*Ju Pi*)
Decoct strongly, drink. Resolves toxicity. (*Qianjin*: Boil peel, cool completely, drink immediately effective.)
[Cheng Lin] *Shennong Bencao Jing*: Ju Pi treats chest masses, heat, rebellious Qi, opens orifices. Resolves both fish and food toxins.
Bao Yu (*Lu Yu/Pufferfish*) poisoning. Formula. (Xu/Shen omit "Bao", incorrect.)
Reed Root (*Lu Gen*)
Decoct and drink. Resolves toxicity. (*Zhouhou*: Pufferfish liver/Bao Yu poisoning, chop reed root, decoct, drink 1-2 sheng.)
[Zhao Liangjian] Bao Yu is pufferfish, delicious. Belly fat is "Xi Shi Ru". No gills, no scales. Liver blood is lethal; fat numbs tongue; roe causes abdominal distension; eyes cause blurred vision. Only reed root juice antidotes.
[Cheng Lin] Pufferfish fears reed root; juice resolves toxin.
*Zhuzhu Bingyuan Hulun*: Liver and roe are highly toxic; ingestion often fatal.
Crabs with facing eyes, spotted legs, or red eyes are inedible. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*.)
[Cheng Lin] Normal crabs have backward-facing eyes. Facing eyes indicate abnormality. Spotted legs/red eyes indicate toxicity.
Treatment for crab poisoning.
Perilla (*Zi Su*)
Decoct, drink 3 sheng. ○ Perilla seed (*Zi Su Zi*) juice is also good. (Xu/Shen omit "seed".)
*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*: Concentrated decoction of aromatic perilla, drink 1 sheng to resolve. Originally Zhang Zhongjing's formula. *Zhenglei Bencao* cites *Jingui Fang*: Add seed juice. Also treats un-frosted crabs (highly toxic).
Alternative: Winter Melon Juice (*Dong Gua Zhi*), drink 2 sheng. Eat winter melon.
[Cheng Lin] Perilla and winter melon resolve fish/crab toxins.
Fu Gong's *Xie Pu*: Do not eat with persimmons (causes Huoluan). Meng Shen: Rhubarb, perilla, winter melon juice resolve it.
Un-frosted crabs are toxic; fully mature/cooked ones are safe. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*, "cooked" instead of "ripe".)
[Cheng Lin] Pre-frosting means before Frost Descent solar term. Crabs eat water henbane (*Shui Lang Dang*) then, which is toxic.
Post-frosting, they eat rice and prepare to hibernate; flesh is ripe and tasty. Henbane grows by water, highly toxic.
*Zhuzhu Bingyuan Hulun*: Crabs eat henbane; thus toxic. Causes delirium/death. Post-frosting, toxin dissipates. Un-frosted crabs cause poisoning/delirium. *Zhouhou*: Caused by henbane. Small crabs (*Pengqi*) are also toxic; Cai Mo nearly died eating them. *Bencao*: Un-frosted crabs are very toxic due to henbane. Many die. Post-frosting/hibernation preparation makes them edible.
考证: *Waitai/Nianyuan* interpret "Shu" as cooked. Since crabs aren't eaten raw, "Shu" might be a typo for "Zhe" (hibernate).
Spiders falling into food are toxic; do not eat.
[Cheng Lin] Spiders are toxic; urine/silk contaminates food.
Food covered by bees, flies, insects, or ants causes sores.
[Cheng Lin] These insects carry damp-heat toxins; ingestion transmits toxin to muscles, causing sores.
考证: *Zhuzhu Bingyuan Hulun* describes Bee/Fly/Ant Sores: Toxin enters five zang organs via digestion, flows to collaterals, causing various sores. Details omitted here.