《内经》曰∶肝者，将军之官，谋虑出焉。
肝者，罢极之本，魂之居也。其华在爪，其充在筋，以生血气，为阳中之少阳，通于春
东方青色，入通于肝，开窍于目，藏精于肝，故病发惊骇，其味酸，其类草木，其畜鸡
，其谷麦，其应四时，上为岁星，是以知病之在筋也。其音角，其数八，其臭臊，其液泣。
东方生风，风生木，木生酸，酸生肝。肝主筋，筋生心，肝主目。其在天为玄，在人为
道，在地为化，化生五味。道生知，玄生神，在天为风，在地为木，在体为筋，在脏为肝。
在色为苍，在声为呼，在变动为握，在志为怒，怒伤肝，
悲胜怒，风伤筋，燥胜风，酸伤筋，卒胜酸。
一十三穴足厥阴，大敦、行间、太冲侵，中封、蠡沟、中都近，膝关、曲泉、阴包临，
五里、阴廉、羊矢穴，章门常对期门深（二十六穴）。
此一经起于大敦，终于期门。取大敦、行间、太冲、中封、曲泉，与井荥俞经合也。
脉起大指聚毛之际，上循足跗上廉，去内踝一寸，上踝八寸，交出太阴之后，上 内
廉，循股，入阴中，环阴器，抵小腹，侠胃，属肝，络胆，上贯膈，布胁肋，循喉咙之后，
上入颃颡，连目系，上出额，与督脉会于巅；其支者，从目系下颊里，环唇内；其支者，复
从肝，别贯膈，上注肺。多血少气，丑时气血注此。
乙木之脏，脉在左关。是肝实则脉实，两胁痛而目 肿痛；虚则脉虚，七叶薄而汪汪昏
泪。资心火以补肝虚，抑阳光而泻本实。故味辛补而酸泻，气凉泻而温补。姜橘细辛补之宜
，芎芍大黄泻之可。目胜离娄，君神曲而佐磁石；手开瞽盲，捣羊肝以丸连未。气疼两胁，
君枳实芍药参芎；痰攻双臂，施木草橘半附苓。右胁胀痛，桂心枳壳草姜黄；左胁刺痛，粉
草川芎和枳实。悲怒伤肝双胁痛，芎辛枳梗，防风干葛草姜煎；风寒撼水囊茎痛，茴香乌药
，青橘良姜调酒饮。疝本肝经，何药可疗？附子山栀力最高，全蝎玄胡功不小。上燥下寒，
梅膏捣丸归鹿；头痛气厥，乌药末细川芎。寒湿脚痹踏椒囊，风热膝痛煎柏术。欲上行引经
柴胡川芎；下行须要去穣青皮。温则木香肉桂，凉则菊花车前。补用阿胶酸枣仁，泻用柴
前犀牛角。勿胶柱而鼓瑟，当加减以随宜。
《导引本经》肝以眼为穴，人眠则血归肝，眼受之而能视也。夫眠乃无名惑复之火，不可
纵之使眠，亦不可不眠。若胆虚寒不眠，则精神困倦，志虑不安；肝实热眠过多，则慧镜生
尘，善根埋灭，皆非调肝胆，伏睡魔之道也。举其要而言，勿嗔怒，勿昼寝，睡其形而不睡
其神是也。盖睡之精，乃身之灵，人能少睡，则主翁惺惺，智识明净，不惟神气清爽，梦寐亦
安也，若贪眠则心中血潮，元神离舍，不惟云掩性天，神亦随境昏迷。三丰有云∶捉取梦中
之梦，搜求玄上之玄，自从识得娘生面，笑指蓬莱在目前。此之谓也。《内经》曰∶春三月
，此谓发陈，天地俱生，万物以荣，夜卧早起，广步于庭，披发缓形，以使志生，此春气之
应，养生之道也。逆之则伤肝，此又不可不知。
《黄帝内经》说：肝，是将军之官，谋略思虑由此产生。
肝，是耐受疲劳的根本，也是魂居住的地方。它的荣华表现在指甲上，它的气血充养在筋脉中，能够化生血气，属于阳中的少阳，与春季相通。
东方青色，气机内通于肝，开窍于目，精气藏于肝，所以发病时会出现惊骇的症状，它的味道是酸，对应的类别是草木，对应的牲畜是鸡，对应的谷物是麦，它与四季相应，在天体上对应岁星，因此可以知道疾病发生在筋脉。它的音律是角，对应的数字是八，气味是臊，分泌液是泪。
东方生风，风生木，木生酸，酸生肝。肝主管筋脉，筋脉滋养心，肝开窍于目。它在天表现为玄妙，在人表现为道，在地表现为化育，化育产生五味。道产生智慧，玄妙产生神灵，在天为风，在地为木，在人体组织为筋，在脏腑为肝。
在五色中为苍色，在五声为呼，在变动为抽搐握拳，在五志为怒，怒会伤肝，
悲能胜怒，风能伤筋，燥能胜风，酸能伤筋，辛能胜酸（注：原文“卒”通“辛”，指辛味）。
足厥阴肝经共有十三个穴位，大敦、行间、太冲依次排列，中封、蠡沟、中都位置相近，膝关、曲泉、阴包临近，五里、阴廉、羊矢穴，章门常对着期门深入（此处括号内注明该经及相关关联共二十六穴）。
这一条经脉起始于大敦穴，终止于期门穴。选取大敦、行间、太冲、中封、曲泉，分别对应井、荥、俞、经、合五类特定穴。
脉气起始于大脚趾丛毛边缘，向上沿足背内侧缘上行，距离内踝一寸处，上行至内踝上八寸处，交叉出足太阴脾经之后，沿大腿内侧，进入阴部，环绕生殖器，抵达小腹，夹胃两旁，属于肝，联络胆，向上穿过膈肌，分布于胁肋部，沿喉咙后方，向上进入鼻咽部（颃颡），连接眼球系连，向上出于额部，与督脉交会于头顶；它的分支，从眼球系连下行至颊里，环绕嘴唇内侧；另一分支，又从肝部分出，贯穿膈肌，向上注入肺脏。此经多血少气，丑时气血灌注于此经。
属乙木的脏器，脉象位于左手关部。肝实证则脉象实，表现为两胁疼痛且眼睛红肿疼痛；肝虚证则脉象虚，表现为肝脏实质薄弱而眼泪汪汪、视物昏花。资助心火以补肝虚，抑制阳光（亢盛之火）以泻肝实。所以味道辛能补肝，味酸能泻肝；气性凉能泻肝，气性温能补肝。生姜、橘皮、细辛适宜用于补肝，川芎、芍药、大黄可用于泻肝。视力胜过离娄（古代视力极佳者），可用神曲为主药，辅以磁石；手眼恢复光明，可将羊肝捣碎制成丸药，配合黄连等使用。气滞疼痛在两胁，以枳实、芍药、人参、川芎为主药；痰湿攻袭双臂，施用木香、甘草、橘红、半夏、附子、茯苓。右胁胀痛，用桂心、枳壳、甘草、干姜、姜黄；左胁刺痛，用甘草、川芎调和枳实。悲伤愤怒导致肝气郁结引起双胁痛，用川芎、细辛、枳壳、桔梗、防风、干葛、甘草、干姜煎服；风寒侵袭导致水囊（睾丸）茎部疼痛，用茴香、乌药、青皮、良姜调酒饮用。疝气本属肝经病变，用什么药物治疗？附子、山栀力量最高，全蝎、玄胡索功效不小。上焦燥热下焦寒湿，用梅膏捣丸，加入当归、鹿茸；头痛气厥，用乌药末配细辛、川芎。寒湿脚痹可踏花椒囊，风热膝痛可煎服黄柏、白术。想要引药上行，选用柴胡、川芎；下行必须去掉瓤的青皮。温性药物用木香、肉桂，凉性药物用菊花、车前子。补益用阿胶、酸枣仁，泻实用柴胡、前胡、犀牛角。不要拘泥成法不知变通，应当根据病情加减适宜。
《导引本经》认为肝以眼为窍，人睡眠时血液回归肝脏，眼睛接受血液滋养就能视物。睡眠是无名惑复之火的作用，不可放纵让人一直睡，也不可完全不睡。如果胆虚寒导致失眠，则精神困倦，意志思虑不安；肝实热导致睡眠过多，则智慧如镜蒙尘，善根埋没，这都不是调理肝胆、降伏睡魔的方法。举其要点来说，就是不要嗔怒，不要白天睡觉，让形体休息而不让神识沉睡。因为睡眠产生的精微物质，是身体的灵性所在，人若能少睡，则主人（元神）清醒，智识明净，不仅神气清爽，梦寐也安宁。如果贪睡，则心中血潮涌动，元神离开居所，不仅遮蔽本性天空，神识也会随外境昏迷。张三丰曾说：捉取梦中之梦，搜求玄上之玄，自从识得娘生面（本来面目），笑指蓬莱就在眼前。说的就是这个道理。《黄帝内经》说：春季三个月，这叫发陈，天地生机俱生，万物繁荣，晚睡早起，在庭院中阔步慢行，披散头发舒缓形体，以使意志生发，这是顺应春气的养生之道。违背它就会损伤肝气，这又是不可不知道的。
According to the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon): The Liver is the official of the general, from which strategies and deliberations arise.
The Liver is the root of endurance against fatigue and the residence of the Hun (Ethereal Soul). Its brilliance manifests in the nails, its substance nourishes the sinews (Jin), it generates blood and qi, it belongs to Shaoyang within Yang, and corresponds to Spring.
The East is associated with the color cyan; its energy internally connects to the Liver, opens into the eyes, and stores essence in the Liver. Therefore, when disease occurs, there are signs of fright and terror. Its flavor is sour, its category is wood and grass, its corresponding animal is the chicken, its corresponding grain is wheat, and it responds to the four seasons. In the heavens, it corresponds to the Year Star (Suisxing); thus, one can know that diseases reside in the sinews. Its musical note is Jue, its number is eight, its odor is musky, and its fluid is tears.
The East generates Wind; Wind generates Wood; Wood generates Sour; Sour generates the Liver. The Liver governs the sinews; the sinews generate the Heart; the Liver opens into the eyes. In Heaven, it is profound (Xuan); in Humanity, it is the Dao; on Earth, it is transformation (Hua), which generates the five flavors. The Dao generates knowledge; Xuan generates spirit. In Heaven, it is Wind; on Earth, it is Wood; in the body, it is sinews; in the zang organs, it is the Liver.
In colors, it is dark green/cyan; in sounds, it is the cry/shout; in pathological changes, it is grasping/tetany; in emotions, it is anger. Anger injures the Liver;
Grief overcomes Anger; Wind injures sinews; Dryness overcomes Wind; Sour injures sinews; Pungency overcomes Sour.
There are thirteen acupoints on the Foot-Jueyin Meridian: Dadun (LR1), Xingjian (LR2), and Taichong (LR3) follow closely; Zhongfeng (LR4), Ligou (LR5), and Zhongdu (LR6) are near; Xiguan (LR7), Ququan (LR8), and Yinbao (LR9) approach; Wuli (LR10), Yinlian (LR11), and Yangshi (LR12) appear; Zhangmen (LR13) often faces Qimen (LR14) deeply (Note: The text mentions 26 points in parentheses, likely referring to a broader count or including related points not strictly on this meridian line in this specific list context, but standard LR has 14 points. The text lists 13 then adds Qimen as "deeply facing", implying a total count discussion).
This meridian begins at Dadun (LR1) and ends at Qimen (LR14). Selecting Dadun (LR1), Xingjian (LR2), Taichong (LR3), Zhongfeng (LR4), and Ququan (LR8) corresponds to the Jing-Well, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea points respectively.
The pulse originates at the edge of the hair on the big toe, ascends along the medial margin of the dorsum of the foot, one cun from the medial malleolus, up to eight cun above the ankle, crosses behind the Taiyin Spleen Meridian, ascends along the medial aspect of the thigh, enters the pubic region, circles the external genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, flanks the Stomach, belongs to the Liver, and connects with the Gallbladder. It ascends through the diaphragm, spreads in the hypochondriac region, follows the posterior aspect of the throat, enters the nasopharynx (Hangsang), connects with the eye system, emerges from the forehead, and meets the Du Meridian at the vertex. A branch descends from the eye system to the inner cheek, circling the interior of the lips. Another branch diverges from the Liver, pierces the diaphragm, and flows upward into the Lungs. This meridian has abundant blood and scarce qi; during the Chou hour (1 AM - 3 AM), qi and blood flow into this meridian.
It is the organ of Yi-Wood. The pulse is located at the left Guan position. When the Liver is excess, the pulse is excess, manifesting as pain in both hypochondria and swelling/pain of the eyes; when the Liver is deficient, the pulse is deficient, manifesting as thinning of the seven lobes of the liver and watery, dim vision. Nourish Heart Fire to tonify Liver deficiency; suppress excessive Yang (Fire) to drain Liver excess. Therefore, pungent flavors tonify and sour flavors drain; cool qi drains and warm qi tonifies. Ginger, Tangerine Peel, and Asarum are suitable for tonifying; Ligusticum, Peony, and Rhubarb can be used for draining. To improve vision beyond that of Lilou (a legendary figure with sharp sight), use Shenqu (Medicated Leaven) as the sovereign herb and Magnetite as an assistant; to restore sight in blindness, crush Sheep Liver and make pills with Coptis. For Qi stagnation pain in both hypochondria, use Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange), Shao Yao (Peony), Renshen (Ginseng), and Chuanxiong (Ligusticum). For Phlegm attacking both arms, use Muxiang (Aucklandia), Gancao (Licorice), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), Banxia (Pinellia), Fuzi (Aconite), and Fuling (Poria). For distending pain in the right hypochondrium, use Guixin (Cinnamon Bark), Zhike (Bitter Orange), Gancao, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), and Jianghuang (Turmeric). For stabbing pain in the left hypochondrium, use Gancao and Chuanxiong harmonized with Zhishi. For bilateral hypochondriac pain caused by grief and anger injuring the Liver, decoct Chuanxiong, Xixin (Asarum), Zhike, Jiegeng (Platycodon), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia), Ge Gen (Kudzu), Gancao, and Ganjiang. For pain in the scrotum/stem caused by wind-cold shaking the water sac, mix Huixiang (Fennel), Wuyao (Lindera), Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), and Liangjiang (Galangal) with wine. Hernia originates in the Liver meridian; what medicine treats it? Fuzi and Zhizi (Gardenia) have the highest power; Quanxie (Scorpion) and Yuanhu (Corydalis) have significant merit. For upper dryness and lower cold, mash plum paste into pills with Danggui (Angelica) and Lurong (Deer Antler). For headache and Qi syncope, use Wuyao powder mixed with Xixin and Chuanxiong. For cold-damp bi syndrome in the feet, tread on pepper bags; for wind-heat knee pain, decoct Huangbai (Phellodendron) and Baizhu (Atractylodes). To guide herbs upward, use Chaihu (Bupleurum) and Chuanxiong; to guide downward, use Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel) without pith. For warming, use Muxiang and Rougui (Cinnamon Twig); for cooling, use Juhua (Chrysanthemum) and Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed). For tonification, use Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) and Suanzaoren (Ziziphus Seed); for draining, use Chaihu, Qianhu (Peucedanum), and Xiniujiao (Rhinoceros Horn - note: substitute with Buffalo Horn in modern practice). Do not play the zither with glued strings (be inflexible); rather, modify prescriptions according to appropriateness.
The *Daoyin Benjing* states that the Liver uses the eyes as its aperture. When people sleep, blood returns to the Liver, and the eyes receive it to enable vision. Sleep is the fire of nameless confusion; one should not indulge in excessive sleep, nor abstain completely. If Gallbladder deficiency-cold causes insomnia, there is mental fatigue and unsettled will/deliberation; if Liver excess-heat causes excessive sleep, wisdom becomes dusty like a mirror, and good roots are buried. Neither is the way to regulate Liver and Gallbladder and subdue the demon of sleep. Summarizing the essentials: do not rage, do not nap during the day; let the form rest but not the spirit. The essence produced by sleep is the spirit of the body. If one sleeps little, the master (Yuan Shen/Original Spirit) remains alert, wisdom is clear, spirit and qi are fresh, and dreams are peaceful. If one is greedy for sleep, blood surges in the heart, the Original Spirit leaves its residence, obscuring the nature-heaven, and consciousness becomes confused with external environments. Zhang Sanfeng said: "Capture the dream within the dream, seek the profound within the profound. Once you recognize your face before birth, smile and point to Penglai being right here." This is what he meant. The *Neijing* says: "The three months of spring are called 'Fa Chen' (releasing and storing). Heaven and Earth generate together, all things flourish. Sleep late and rise early, walk broadly in the courtyard, let hair down and relax the body, so that will may grow. This is responding to the Qi of Spring, the way of nurturing life. Violating it injures the Liver. This is also something one must know."