《内经》曰∶膀胱者，州都之官，津液藏焉。气化则能出矣。又曰∶膀胱为黑肠。
诸书辨膀胱不一，有云∶有上口，无下口；有云∶上下皆有口；或云∶有小窍注泄，皆
非也。惟有下窍以出溺，上皆由泌别渗入膀胱，其所以入也、出也，由于气之施也。在上之
气不施，则注入大肠而为泄；在下之气不施，则急胀涩涩，苦不出而为淋。
足太阳经六十七，睛明目内红肉藏，攒竹、眉冲与曲差，五处上寸半承光，通天、络
却
，肝、胆、脾、胃俱挨次，三焦、肾、气海、大肠，关元、小肠到膀胱，中膂白环仔细量，
自从大杼至白环，各各节外寸半长。上 、次 中复下，一空二空腰髁当，会阳阴尾骨外取
，附分侠脊第三行，魄户、膏盲与神堂， 、膈关、魂门九，阳纲、意舍仍胃仓，肓门、
志室、胞肓续，二十椎下秩边场。承扶臀横纹中央，殷门、浮 到委阳，委中、合阳、承筋
是，承山、飞扬踝附阳，昆仑、仆参连申脉，金门、京骨、束骨忙，通谷、至阴小指旁（一
此一经起于睛明，终于至阴，取至阴、通谷、束骨、京骨、昆仑、委中，与井荥俞原经
脉起目内 ，上额交巅上；其支者，从巅至耳上角；其直行者，从巅入络脑，还出别下
项，循肩膊内侠脊抵腰中，入循膂，络肾属膀胱；其支别者，从腰中下贯臀，入 中；其
支别者，从膊内左右别，下贯胛，侠脊内，过髀枢，循髀外后廉，下合 中，以下贯
内，出外踝之后，循京骨至小指外侧端。多血少气，申时气血注此。
壬水之腑，脉居左寸是。膀胱实则脉实，病胞转不得小便，苦烦满难于俯仰，药用寒凉
通利窍，石膏栀子蜜同煎；虚则脉虚，肠痛引腰难屈伸，脚筋紧急耳重听，补磁石五味黄
，配苓术石英杜仲。大腑热蒸肠内涩，木通生地黄芩；小便不利茎中痛，葶苈茯苓通草。肾
大如斗，青支荔核小茴香；胞转如塞，葵子滑石寒水石。冷热熨可利便难，屈伸导能和腰痛
。风热相乘，囊肿服三白而立消；虫蚁吹着，阳跷，敷蝉蜕而即散。羌活 本行于上，黄柏
法制走于下。补用橘核益智仁，泻滇滑石车前子。加茴香乌药能温，添黄柏生地清凉也。
《黄帝内经》说：膀胱是州都之官，津液储藏在这里。经过气化作用才能排出尿液。又说：膀胱被称为黑肠。
各种书籍对膀胱的辨析各不相同，有的说：有上口，没有下口；有的说：上下都有口；有的说：有小窍用于排泄，这些说法都不正确。只有下窍用来排出溺液（尿液），上部的津液都是由泌别清浊后渗入膀胱的，其进入和排出的过程，取决于气的施化作用。如果上部的气不能施化，则津液注入大肠导致泄泻；如果下部的气不能施化，则会出现急胀、涩滞，痛苦地无法排尿而成为淋证。
足太阳膀胱经共有六十七个穴位。睛明穴位于目内眦红肉处，接着是攒竹、眉冲和曲差穴，五处穴在上一寸半的位置，承光穴，通天穴、络却穴，肝、胆、脾、胃等脏腑之气依次相邻，三焦、肾、气海、大肠，关元、小肠直到膀胱，中膂俞、白环俞要仔细度量，从大杼穴到白环俞穴，各在各椎节外侧一寸半处。上髎、次髎、中髎、下髎分别对应第一至第四骶后孔，腰髁骨部位，会阳穴在阴尾骨外取穴，附分穴夹脊第三行，魄户、膏肓俞与神堂穴，膈关、魂门九穴（此处原文可能有误或指代特定排列，通常魂门为单穴，结合上下文应指背部第二十一椎旁开三寸区域的相关穴位，如阳纲、意舍、胃仓、肓门、志室、胞肓续接而至，二十椎下的秩边穴场。*注：根据原文“...九”推测可能为排版错误或特定歌诀省略，此处依原文直译*），阳纲、意舍仍属胃仓，肓门、志室、胞肓接续，二十椎下的秩边穴。承扶穴在臀横纹中央，殷门、浮郄穴到委阳穴，委中、合阳、承筋穴是，承山、飞扬穴、踝部的附阳穴，昆仑、仆参连申脉穴，金门、京骨、束骨穴忙（意指依次排列），通谷、至阴在小指旁。（一）此一经起于睛明穴，终于至阴穴，取用至阴、通谷、束骨、京骨、昆仑、委中穴，与井、荥、俞、原、经脉起于目内眦，上行额部交会于巅顶；其支脉，从巅顶至耳上角；其直行者，从巅顶入络脑，复出别下行项部，沿肩膊内侧夹脊抵腰中，入循膂，络肾属膀胱；其支别者，从腰中下贯臀部，入腘中；其支别者，从膊内左右别出，下贯胛，夹脊内，过髀枢，循髀外后廉，下合腘中，以下贯腨内，出外踝之后，循京骨至小指外侧端。本经多血少气，申时气血注入此经。
膀胱为壬水之腑，脉象居于左寸。膀胱实证则脉实，病见胞转不得小便，苦闷烦满难以俯仰，药用寒凉通利窍道，石膏、栀子蜜同煎；虚证则脉虚，肠痈引腰痛难以屈伸，脚筋紧急耳朵重听，补法用磁石、五味子、黄芩（原文作黄，疑为黄芩或黄芪，依语境补益多用黄芪或黄柏清热，此处依原文“黄”字保留，但结合下文“配苓术石英杜仲”，若为虚证补益，黄芪可能性大，然前文有石膏栀子，此处暂译原文），配伍茯苓、白术、石英、杜仲。大肠热盛蒸腾肠内涩滞，用木通、生地黄、黄芩；小便不利茎中痛，用葶苈子、茯苓、通草。肾脏大如斗，青皮、荔枝核、小茴香；胞转如堵塞，用葵子、滑石、寒水石。冷热熨敷可利便难，屈伸导引能和缓腰痛。风热相乘，囊肿服用三白汤而立消；虫蚁吹着（指疝气或类似病症），阳跷穴敷蝉蜕而即散。羌活、藁本行于上部，黄柏法制走于下部。补法用橘核、益智仁，泻法用滇滑石、车前子。加茴香、乌药能温中，添黄柏、生地清凉也。
According to the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon): The Bladder is the official of the State Capital, where body fluids are stored. Only through Qi transformation can they be excreted. It is also said that the Bladder is referred to as the "Black Intestine."
Various texts offer differing descriptions of the Bladder. Some state it has an upper orifice but no lower one; others claim it has both upper and lower orifices; still others suggest it has small apertures for excretion. All these views are incorrect. In reality, only the lower orifice serves to expel urine. Fluids from above enter the Bladder after being separated into clear and turbid components by the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). Their entry and exit depend on the functional movement of Qi. If Qi fails to function properly in the upper part, fluids pour into the Large Intestine causing diarrhea; if Qi fails to function in the lower part, it results in urgent distension, astringency, and painful difficulty in urination known as Lin syndrome (strangury).
The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian contains sixty-seven acupoints. Jingming (BL1) is located at the inner canthus within the red flesh. Following this are Cuanzhu (BL2), Meichong (EX-HN3), and Qucha (BL6). Wuchu (BL5) is located 1.5 cun above. Chengguang (BL5) follows, then Tongtian (BL7) and Luoque (BL9). The energies of the Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, and Stomach are adjacent in sequence. The Sanjiao, Kidney, Qihai (CV6), Large Intestine, Guanyuan (CV4), Small Intestine, and finally the Bladder are referenced. Zhonglüzhu (BL27) and Baihuanxue (BL30) require careful measurement. From Dazhu (BL11) to Baihuanxue (BL30), each point is located 1.5 cun lateral to the spinous process of the respective vertebra. Shangliao (BL31), Ciliao (BL32), Zhongliao (BL33), and Xialiao (BL34) correspond to the first through fourth sacral posterior foramina, located at the sacral ala. Huiyang (BL35) is taken lateral to the coccyx. Fufen (BL41) is in the third row paravertebral to the spine. Pohu (BL42), Gaohuang (BL43), and Shentang (BL44) follow. Gegan (BL48), Hunmen (BL47) [Note: Text says "...nine", likely referring to a group or specific arrangement including Yanggang, Yishe, Weicang, Huangmen, Zhisshi, Baohuang], Yanggang (BL45), Yishe (BL46), Weicang (BL47), Huangmen (BL52), Zhisshi (BL53), and Baohuang (BL54) continue sequentially. Zhizhongbian (BL54) is located below the twentieth thoracic vertebra. Chengfu (BL36) is in the center of the gluteal crease. Yinmen (BL37) and Fuyang (BL38) lead to Weiyang (BL39). Weizhong (BL40), Heyang (BL57), and Chengjin (BL56) are next. Chengshan (BL57), Feiyang (BL58), and Fu yang (BL59) near the ankle follow. Kunlun (BL60), Pucan (BL61), and Shenmai (BL62) connect. Jinmen (BL63), Jinggu (BL64), and Shugu (BL65) are busy [sequentially arranged]. Tonggu (BL66) and Zhiyin (BL67) are beside the little toe. (1) This meridian begins at Jingming (BL1) and ends at Zhiyin (BL67). Points such as Zhiyin, Tonggu, Shugu, Jinggu, Kunlun, and Weizhong are selected. The meridian originates at the inner canthus, ascends to the forehead, and intersects at the vertex. Its branch goes from the vertex to the supra-auricular angle. Its main trunk enters from the vertex to connect with the brain, emerges again to descend separately along the nape, follows the medial shoulder blade, runs paravertebrally to reach the waist, enters the erector spinae muscles, connects with the Kidney, and belongs to the Bladder. Another branch descends from the waist through the buttocks into the popliteal fossa. A further branch separates from the shoulder, descends through the scapula, runs paravertebrally, passes the hip joint, follows the posterior-lateral aspect of the thigh, merges with the popliteal fossa, descends through the calf, exits behind the lateral malleolus, follows Jinggu (BL64) to the lateral end of the little toe. This meridian has abundant blood and scarce Qi; Qi and Blood flow into it during the Shen hour (15:00–17:00).
The Bladder is the fu organ of Ren Water. Its pulse is felt at the left Cun position. When the Bladder is Excess, the pulse is Excess. Symptoms include bladder torsion preventing urination, severe irritability and fullness making flexion and extension difficult. Treatment uses cold-natured herbs to open orifices and promote diuresis, such as Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) and Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi) decocted with honey. When Deficient, the pulse is Deficient. Symptoms include intestinal abscess radiating pain to the back, difficulty bending and stretching, tight leg tendons, and heavy hearing. Tonification uses Magnetitum (Cishi), Schisandra Fructus (Wuweizi), and [Huang - possibly Astragali Radix or Scutellariae Radix depending on context, here translated literally as Huang]; combined with Poria (Fuling), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Quartz (Shiyin), and Eucommia Bark (Duzhong). If Large Intestine heat steams internally causing dryness, use Akebia Caulis (Mutong), Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdihuang), and Scutellaria Root (Huangqin). For difficult urination with penile pain, use Lepidium Seed (Tinglizi), Poria (Fuling), and Taro Stem (Tongcao). The Kidney is large like a bean pod; Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Litchi Seed (Lizhihe), and Fennel Seed (Xiaohuixiang) are used. For bladder torsion resembling blockage, use Okra Seeds (Kuizi), Talcum (Huashi), and Halloysitum Rubrum (Han Shuishishi). Hot and cold compresses can facilitate difficult urination; flexion and extension exercises can relieve lower back pain. If Wind-Heat combines causing scrotal swelling, Sanbai Decoction eliminates it immediately. If affected by insect bites or wind-stroke affecting the Yangqiao vessel, applying Cicada Slough (Chantui) disperses it quickly. Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo) and Ligusticum Rhizome (Gben) act on the upper body; Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) processed specifically acts on the lower body. Tonification uses Tangerine Seed (Juhe) and Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit (Yizhiren); purgation uses Dian Huashi (Talcum) and Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi). Adding Fennel Seed (Huixiang) and Lindera Root (Wuyao) warms the interior; adding Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) and Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdihuang) clears heat and cools.