黄帝问曰∶人之卒然忧恚而言无音者，何气不行？少师对曰∶咽喉者水谷之道路也；
喉咙者气之所以上下者也；会厌者音声之户也。唇口者音声之扇也；舌者音声之机
也；悬壅垂者音声之关也；颃颡者分气之所泄也；横骨者，神气之所使，主发舌
者也。故人之鼻洞涕出不收者，颃颡不闭，分气失也。其厌小而薄，则发气疾，
其开阖利，其出气易，其厌大而浓，则开阖难，其出气迟，故重言也。所谓吃者，其言逆，
故重之。卒然无音者，寒气客于厌，则厌不能发，发不能下至其机扇，机扇开阖不利故
无音。足少阴之脉上系于舌本，络于横骨，终于会厌，两泻血脉，浊气乃辟。会厌之脉，上
络任脉，复取之天突，其厌乃发也。
暴喑气硬，刺扶突与舌本出血。
喑不能言，刺脑户。暴喑不能言，喉嗌痛，刺风府。舌缓，喑不能言，刺喑门。喉痛喑
不能言，天突主之。暴喑气哽，喉痹咽肿，不得息，食饮不下，天鼎主之。食饮善呕，不能
言，通谷主之。喑不能言，期门主之。暴喑不能言，支沟主之。喑不能言，合谷及涌泉、阳交主之。
黄帝问曰∶夫邪气之客于人也，或令人目不得眠者，何也？伯高对曰∶五谷入于胃也，
其糟粕、津液、宗气分为三隧。故宗气积于胸中，出于喉咙，以贯心肺而行呼吸焉。营
气者
悍气之 疾，而先行于四末分肉皮肤之间，而不休息也。昼行于阳，夜行于阴，其
入于阴也，常从足少阴之分间，行于五脏六腑。今邪气客于五脏，则卫气独营其外，行于阳
，不得入于阴。行于阳则阳气盛，阳气盛则阳跷满；不得入于阴，阴气虚故目不得眠。治
之补其不足，泻其有余，调其虚实，以通其道而去其邪，饮以半夏汤一剂，阴阳已通，
其卧立至。此所以决渎壅塞，经络大通，阴阳得和者也。其汤方以流水千里以外者八升，扬
之万遍，取其清五升煮之，炊以苇薪火，沸煮秫米一升，治半夏五合，徐炊令竭为一升半
，去其滓，饮汁一小杯，日三，稍益，以知为度。故其病新发者，覆杯则卧，汗出则
已矣，久者三饮而已。曰∶目闭不得视者何也？曰∶卫气行于阴，不得入于阳，行于阴则阴
气盛，阴气盛则阴跷满；不得入于阳则阳气虚，故目闭焉（《九卷》行作留，入作行）。曰∶
人之多卧者何也？曰∶此人肠胃大而皮肤涩（《九卷》作湿，下同）。涩则分肉不解焉。肠胃
大则气行留久，皮肤涩分肉不解则行迟。夫卫气者，昼常行于阳，夜常行于阴，故阳
气尽则卧，阴气尽则寤。故肠胃大，卫气行留久，皮肤涩分肉不解则行迟，留于阴也久
，其气不精，（一作清）则欲瞑，故多卧矣。其肠胃小，皮肤滑以缓，分肉解利，卫气之留于
阳也久，故少卧焉。曰∶其非常经也，卒然多卧者何也？曰∶邪气留于上焦，上焦闭而不通
，已食若饮汤，卫气久留于阴而不行，故卒然多卧。曰∶治此诸邪奈何？曰∶先视其腑脏，
诛其小过，后调其气，盛者泻之，虚者补之，必先明知其形气之苦乐，定乃取之。曰∶人有
卧而有所不安者，何也？曰∶脏有所伤，及情有所倚，则卧不安（《素问》作精所之寄则安，
《太素》作精有所倚则不安），故人不能悬其病也。曰∶人之不得偃卧者何也？曰∶肺者脏
之盖也。肺气盛则脉大，脉大则不得偃卧。曰∶人之有肉苛者何也，是为何病？曰∶营气虚
卫气实也。营气虚则不仁，卫气虚则不用，营卫俱虚，则不仁且不用，肉加苛也，人身与志
不相有也，三十日死。曰∶人有逆气不得卧而有音者，有不得卧而息无音者，有起居如故
而息有音者，有得卧行而喘者，有不得卧不能行而喘者，有不得卧，卧而喘者，此何脏使然
？曰∶不得卧而息有音者，是阳明之逆也。足三阳者下行，今逆而上行，故息有音也。阳
明者胃脉也，胃者六腑之海也，其气亦下行。阳明逆不得从其道故不得卧。《下经》
曰∶胃不和则卧不安，此之谓也。夫起居如故而息有音者，此肺之络脉逆，不得随经上
下行，故留经而不行，络脉之病患也微，故起居如故而息有音也。夫不得卧卧则喘者
，水气客也。夫水气循津液而留（《素问》作流）者也，肾者水脏，主津液，主卧与喘也。
惊不得眠，善 水气上下，五脏游气也，三阴交主之。不得卧，浮 主之。身肿皮肤
不可近衣，
黄帝问道：人突然因为忧愁愤怒而不能说话，是什么气运行不畅？少师回答说：咽喉是水谷通行的道路；喉咙是气上下通行的通道；会厌是声音发出的门户。嘴唇和口舌是声音的扇叶；舌头是声音的机关；悬雍垂是声音的关卡；颃颡（鼻咽部）是分流气息的出口；横骨受神气的支配，主要控制舌头的运动。所以人的鼻孔流涕不止、无法收敛，是因为颃颡不能闭合，导致分流气息的功能失常。如果会厌小而薄，那么发气就快，开阖灵活，出气容易；如果会厌大而厚，那么开阖困难，出气迟缓，所以说话就会重复缓慢。所谓“吃”（结巴），是因为言语逆乱，所以重复。突然失音，是因为寒气客居在会厌，导致会厌不能开启，开启后也不能下移至舌本和唇口，舌本和唇口开阖不利，所以不能发声。足少阴肾经上行系于舌根，联络横骨，终止于会厌，针刺这两处的血脉放血，浊气才能消散。会厌的经脉向上联络任脉，再取穴天突，会厌就能正常发声了。
突发失音且气机硬滞，针刺扶突穴和舌根部出血。
失音不能说话，针刺脑户穴。突发失音不能说话，伴有喉痛，针刺风府穴。舌体松弛，失音不能说话，针刺喑门穴。喉痛失音不能说话，由天突穴主治。突发失音气哽，喉痹咽肿，呼吸困难，饮食不下，由天鼎穴主治。饮食易呕吐，不能说话，由通谷穴主治。失音不能说话，为期门穴主治。突发失音不能说话，由支沟穴主治。失音不能说话，由合谷、涌泉、阳交穴主治。
黄帝问道：邪气侵犯人体，有的让人眼睛无法入睡，为什么呢？伯高回答说：五谷进入胃中，其糟粕、津液、宗气分为三条通道。所以宗气积聚在胸中，出于喉咙，贯通心肺以进行呼吸。营气比卫气（此处原文似有脱误或特定语境，通常营行脉中，卫行脉外，结合下文“悍气”指卫气，此处应理解为卫气/悍气之疾速，先行于四肢末端肌肉皮肤之间，不停息。昼间行于阳分，夜间行于阴分，它进入阴分时，常从足少阴经的分野间，运行于五脏六腑。现在邪气客居于五脏，则卫气独自在体表阳分运行，行于阳分，不能进入阴分。行于阳分则阳气盛，阳气盛则阳跷脉满溢；不能进入阴分，阴气虚弱，所以眼睛无法入睡。治疗时补其不足，泻其有余，调和虚实，疏通其道并去除邪气，服用半夏汤一剂，阴阳之气得以通畅，睡眠立刻恢复。这就是疏通壅塞，经络大通，阴阳调和的结果。该汤方的制作方法是：取千里以外的流水八升，扬洒万遍，取其清水五升用来煮药，用芦苇做燃料，煮沸后放入秫米一升、制半夏五合，慢火煎煮至剩余一升半，去掉药渣，每次饮一小杯，每日三次，逐渐增加剂量，以见效为度。所以新发病的人，喝完药放下杯子就能睡着，出汗就好了；病程久的，喝三次就好了。问：眼睛闭上不能视物是怎么回事？答：卫气行于阴分，不能进入阳分，行于阴分则阴气盛，阴气盛则阴跷脉满溢；不能进入阳分则阳气虚，所以眼睛闭合。问：人为什么嗜睡多卧？答：这个人的肠胃较大而皮肤涩滞。涩滞则肌肉腠理不开解。肠胃大则气行停留时间久，皮肤涩滞肌肉腠理不开解则运行迟缓。卫气白天常行于阳分，夜晚常行于阴分，所以阳气尽时睡觉，阴气尽时醒来。因此肠胃大，卫气停留时间长，皮肤涩滞肌肉腠理不开解则运行迟缓，停留在阴分的时间久，其气不精（一说为清），则想闭眼睡觉，所以多卧。如果肠胃小，皮肤滑润舒缓，肌肉腠理开利，卫气在阳分停留时间长，所以少卧。问：如果不是常规情况，突然多卧是怎么回事？答：邪气留滞在在上焦，上焦闭塞不通，刚吃过饭或喝过汤，卫气长时间停留在阴分而不能外出，所以突然多卧。问：治疗这些邪气怎么办？答：先观察脏腑，纠正小的偏差，然后调理气机，实证用泻法，虚证用补法，必须先明确了解形体和气机的苦乐状态，确定后才能取穴。问：有人躺着却不安稳，为什么呢？答：脏腑受到损伤，以及情志有所偏倚，就会躺卧不安，所以人无法摆脱这种病态。问：人为什么不能仰卧呢？答：肺是五脏的华盖。肺气盛则脉大，脉大则不能仰卧。问：人出现肉苛（肌肤麻木沉重）是怎么回事，这是什么病？答：这是营气虚而卫气实。营气虚则感觉麻木，卫气虚则肢体无力，营卫都虚，则既麻木又无力，肌肉更加沉重苛急，人身与意志不相分离（注：此处原文可能有误，通常指形神相离），三十日死。问：有人气逆不能卧且有声音，有人不能卧但呼吸无声音，有人起居如常但呼吸有声音，有人能卧但行走时喘，有人不能卧不能行走而喘，有人不能卧，卧下就喘，这是哪个脏腑导致的？答：不能卧且呼吸有声音，是阳明经气逆乱。足三阳经气下行，现在逆而上行，所以呼吸有声音。阳明经是胃脉，胃是六腑的海，其气也下行。阳明经气逆乱不能顺其道而行，所以不能卧。《下经》说：胃不和则卧不安，说的就是这个道理。起居如常但呼吸有声音，这是肺的络脉逆乱，不能随经脉上下运行，所以滞留于经而不行，络脉病变轻微，所以起居如常但呼吸有声音。不能卧卧下就喘的，是水气客居所致。水气顺着津液流动，肾是水脏，主司津液，主司卧和喘。惊悸导致不得眠，善于引起水气上下流动，这是五脏游气，由三阴交穴主治。不得卧，由浮白穴主治。身体肿胀皮肤不可近衣，
Yellow Emperor asked: When a person suddenly loses their voice due to sudden worry and anger, which qi fails to circulate? Master Shao replied: The pharynx (Yanhou) is the pathway for water and food; the larynx (Houlong) is where qi ascends and descends; the epiglottis (Huiyan) is the gate of sound. The lips and mouth are the fans of sound; the tongue is the mechanism of sound; the uvula (Xuanyongchui) is the lock of sound; the nasopharynx (Hangsang) is where divided qi escapes; the transverse bone (Henggu) is controlled by divine qi and primarily governs the movement of the tongue. Therefore, when a person’s nostrils leak mucus that cannot be retained, it is because the nasopharynx is not closed, leading to a loss of divided qi function. If the epiglottis is small and thin, qi emission is rapid, opening and closing are flexible, and air exits easily; if the epiglottis is large and thick, opening and closing are difficult, air exit is slow, hence speech becomes heavy or slurred. What is called "stuttering" (Chi) occurs because speech is reversed, causing repetition. Sudden aphonia occurs when cold qi lodges in the epiglottis, preventing it from opening; even if it opens, it cannot descend to its mechanical fan, so the opening and closing are dysfunctional, resulting in loss of voice. The Foot-Shaoyin meridian ascends to connect with the root of the tongue, links with the transverse bone, and terminates at the epiglottis. Needling the blood vessels in these two areas to bleed allows turbid qi to dissipate. The vessels of the epiglottis ascend to link with the Ren Mai; needling Tian Tu (CV22) restores epiglottic function.
For sudden aphonia with stiff qi, needle Futu (LI18) and the root of the tongue to bleed.
For aphonia and inability to speak, needle Naohu (DU17). For sudden aphonia and inability to speak with throat pain, needle Fengfu (DU16). For flaccid tongue, aphonia, and inability to speak, needle Yinmen (EX-HN14). For throat pain, aphonia, and inability to speak, Tian Tu (CV22) is the primary point. For sudden aphonia with qi obstruction, throat bi, swollen throat, difficulty breathing, and inability to swallow food or drink, Tianding (SI11) is the primary point. For frequent vomiting after eating/drinking and inability to speak, Tonggu (ST35) is the primary point. For aphonia and inability to speak, Qimen (LR14) is the primary point. For sudden aphonia and inability to speak, Zhigou (SJ6) is the primary point. For aphonia and inability to speak, Hegu (LI4), Yongquan (KI1), and Yangjiao (GB35) are the primary points.
Yellow Emperor asked: When pathogenic qi invades the human body, why does it sometimes cause insomnia? Bo Gao replied: When five grains enter the stomach, their dregs, fluids, and Zong Qi (Gathering Qi) divide into three pathways. Thus, Zong Qi accumulates in the chest, emerges from the throat, penetrates the heart and lungs, and governs respiration. Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) ... [Note: Textual variant implies Wei Qi's vigorous part precedes] ... moves rapidly through the four limbs, muscles, and skin without resting. It travels in the Yang during the day and in the Yin at night. Upon entering Yin, it usually proceeds from the interspaces of the Foot-Shaoyin channel, circulating through the five zang and six fu organs. Now, if pathogenic qi lodges in the five zang organs, Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) circulates exclusively on the exterior, traveling in Yang, unable to enter Yin. Traveling in Yang causes Yang qi to become excessive, filling the Yang Qiao vessel; unable to enter Yin, Yin qi becomes deficient, thus causing the eyes to remain open (insomnia). Treatment involves tonifying deficiency, reducing excess, regulating emptiness and fullness, unblocking the pathways, and expelling pathogenic factors. Administer one dose of Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction); once Yin and Yang are unblocked, sleep will follow immediately. This resolves blockages, unblocks the meridians, and harmonizes Yin and Yang. The decoction is prepared as follows: Take eight sheng of flowing water from a distance of a thousand li, toss it ten thousand times, collect five sheng of the clear liquid, boil it using reed fire, add one sheng of Sorghum (Shumi) and five he of processed Pinellia (Zhi Banxia), simmer slowly until one and a half sheng remains, strain the dregs, and drink one small cup, three times daily, gradually increasing the dose until efficacy is achieved. For newly onset cases, sleep comes upon finishing the cup, and sweating cures it; for chronic cases, three doses suffice. Question: Why do people close their eyes and fail to see? Answer: When Wei Qi travels in Yin and cannot enter Yang, Yin qi becomes excessive, filling the Yin Qiao vessel; unable to enter Yang, Yang qi becomes deficient, thus causing the eyes to close. Question: Why do some people sleep excessively? Answer: Such individuals have large intestines and stomachs, and dry/stiff skin. Dryness prevents the separation of muscle intervals. Large intestines and stomachs cause qi to linger longer; dry skin and tight muscle intervals slow circulation. Wei Qi travels in Yang during the day and in Yin at night; thus, when Yang qi exhausts, one sleeps, and when Yin qi exhausts, one wakes. Therefore, large intestines and stomachs cause Wei Qi to linger; dry skin and tight muscle intervals slow circulation, keeping it in Yin for a long time. Its qi becomes impure (or clear), inducing drowsiness, hence excessive sleep. Conversely, those with small intestines and stomachs, smooth and relaxed skin, and loose muscle intervals allow Wei Qi to linger in Yang longer, hence less sleep. Question: What causes sudden excessive sleep not due to normal meridian pathology? Answer: Pathogenic qi stagnates in the Upper Jiao, blocking it. After eating or drinking soup, Wei Qi lingers in Yin and fails to circulate, causing sudden excessive sleep. Question: How to treat these pathogenic factors? Answer: First examine the zang and fu organs, correct minor deviations, then regulate qi: reduce excess, tonify deficiency. One must first understand the physical and qi state (comfort/discomfort) before selecting points. Question: Why do some people lie down but feel uneasy? Answer: Injury to the zang organs or emotional bias leads to restless sleep. Thus, this condition cannot be viewed in isolation. Question: Why can some people not lie supine? Answer: The Lung is the canopy of the zang organs. Excessive Lung qi enlarges the pulses; enlarged pulses prevent supine lying. Question: What is "Rouke" (muscle heaviness/numbness)? What disease is this? Answer: Deficiency of Ying Qi and Excess of Wei Qi. Ying Qi deficiency causes numbness (Bu Ren); Wei Qi deficiency causes immobility (Bu Yong). If both Ying and Wei are deficient, there is numbness and immobility, and the flesh becomes severely heavy. If the body and mind lose connection, death occurs within thirty days. Question: Regarding patients with rebellious qi who cannot lie down and have sounds, those who cannot lie down but have no sounds, those whose daily activities are normal but have respiratory sounds, those who can lie down and walk but wheeze, those who cannot lie down or walk but wheeze, and those who cannot lie down and wheeze when lying down—which zang organ is responsible? Answer: Inability to lie down with respiratory sounds indicates reversal of Yangming Qi. The Foot-Yangming channels normally descend; now they reverse and ascend, causing respiratory sounds. Yangming is the Stomach meridian; the Stomach is the sea of the six fu organs, and its qi also descends. Reversal of Yangming qi prevents it from following its proper path, causing inability to lie down. The *Xia Jing* states: "If the Stomach is disharmonious, sleep is restless," referring to this. Those whose daily activities are normal but have respiratory sounds suffer from reversal of the Lung's collateral vessels, which fail to follow the main meridians up and down, lingering in the collaterals. This is a mild collateral disease, hence normal activity but noisy breathing. Inability to lie down with wheezing upon lying down is caused by Water Qi lodging. Water Qi follows fluid flow; the Kidney is the Water Organ, governing fluids, and controls sleep and wheezing. Fear-induced insomnia accompanied by fluctuating water qi is wandering qi of the five zang organs; Sanjiao Jiao (SP6) is indicated. Insomnia is treated by Fuxi (BL81). Body swelling with skin hypersensitivity preventing clothing contact,