味辛甘，性寒无毒，入脾肺二经。主伤寒羸瘦，崩中脉绝，肺气有余，虚劳客热，瘀血
停留，吐血热渴，止嗽消痰，开胃进食，利二便，消水肿，能杀寸白，可缝金疮。皮中白汁，
涂唇燥及小儿口疮。铜刀切片，文火蜜炙，勿令涎落，桂心、麻子为使，忌见铅铁。桑枝，
疗手足拘挛，阴管作痛，眼眶作晕，气逆咳嗽，肿毒风痒。桑椹，开关窍，利血脉，安神魂，
黑须发，明耳目。桑寄生，主除腰痛，去风湿，健筋骨，充肌肤，愈金疮，益血脉，长须发，
坚齿牙，安胎气，下乳汁，止崩漏，折其茎深黄色者真。
按∶桑皮辛则走西方而泻肺金，甘则归中央而利脾土。然肺气虚脾气弱者，不宜用之，
恐润利之品，能走真元尔。枝本四发，有发散之义。椹为桑英，有裨益之功。而寄生独产于
海外，盖以地暖不蚕，桑木无采捋之苦，得气最浓，生意浓密，叶上自然生出，何曾有所谓
节间可容他子也？此说本之丹溪，最为近理。《图经》诸书，胥失之也！难得其真，误服杀
人，
用
雷公云∶凡使在树上自然生独枝树是也，采得后，用铜刀和枝根茎细锉，阴干任用，勿
令见火，切忌切忌。
味苦甘，性微寒无毒，入肝肾二经。主五内邪热，烦躁消渴，周痹风湿，下胸胁气，除
头痛，明眼目，补劳伤，坚筋骨，益精髓，壮心气，强阴益智，去皮肤骨节间风，散疮肿热
毒。久服延年，恶乳酪，解面毒。
按∶枸杞子味苦可以坚肾，性寒可以清肝，五内等证，孰不本于二经。宜其治矣！陶隐
居云∶去家千里，勿食枸杞，此言其补精强肾也。然惟甘州者有其功，至于土产者味苦，但
能利大小肠，清心除热而已。
雷公云∶凡使用采得后，使东流水浸，以物刷去土，用熟甘草汤浸一宿，然后焙干用，
其根若似物形状者佳。春食叶，夏食子，秋冬食根并子也。
【桑白皮】
味辛、甘，性寒，无毒，归脾经和肺经。主治伤寒导致的身体消瘦虚弱，妇女崩漏且脉象微弱欲绝，肺气有余（实证），虚劳引起的客热，瘀血停留体内，吐血伴热渴，能止咳化痰，开胃增进食欲，通利大小便，消除水肿，能杀死肠道寄生虫（寸白虫），可用于缝合金创（金属利器造成的伤口）。树皮中的白色汁液，涂抹于嘴唇干燥及小儿口疮处。使用铜刀切片，用微火蜂蜜炙烤，不要让药液滴落，以桂心、麻子为引使，忌见铅铁。
桑枝，治疗手足拘挛，阴部疼痛，眼眶发晕，气逆咳嗽，肿毒风痒。
桑寄生，主治去除腰痛，祛除风湿，强健筋骨，充盈肌肤，治愈金创，补益血脉，促进须发生长，坚固牙齿，安胎气，促进乳汁分泌，止崩漏。折断其茎，深黄色者为真品。
按语：桑白皮味辛则趋向西方而泻肺金，味甘则归于中央而利脾土。然而肺气虚、脾气弱的人，不宜使用，恐怕这种润利之品会耗损真元。
桑枝本有四向发散的特性，有发散邪气的含义。桑椹是桑树的果实，有补益的功效。而桑寄生独产于海外，大概因为那里地温高而不养蚕，桑树没有采摘的辛苦，得天地之气最浓，生机茂密，叶子自然生长，何曾有所谓在节间容纳其他种子的情况呢？这种说法源自朱丹溪，最为合理。《图经》等书都错了！难得其真品，误服会杀人。
雷公说：凡是使用的桑寄生，是在树上自然生长的独枝树上采得的。采得后，用铜刀连同枝根茎一起细细锉碎，阴干备用，切勿用火，千万切记。
【枸杞子】
味苦、甘，性微寒，无毒，归肝经和肾经。主治五脏内的邪热，烦躁消渴，周身痹症风湿，降下胸胁之气，去除头痛，明亮眼目，补益劳伤，坚固筋骨，补益精髓，壮好心气，增强阴精并益智，去除皮肤骨节间的风邪，消散疮肿热毒。长期服用可延年益寿，忌与乳酪同食，可解面部毒素。
按语：枸杞子味苦可以坚固肾脏，性寒可以清泄肝脏，五脏等病症，哪有不源于肝肾二经的呢？所以它适宜治疗这些病症！陶隐居说：“离家千里，勿食枸杞”，这是说它能补精益肾。然而只有甘肃（甘州）产的才有此功效，至于本地出产的味道苦，只能通利大小肠，清心除热罢了。
雷公说：凡是使用枸杞子，采得后，用东流水浸泡，用物体刷去泥土，用煮熟的甘草汤浸泡一夜，然后焙干使用，如果根部形状像人形的为佳。春天吃叶，夏天吃果实，秋冬吃根和果实。
[Sangbaipi (Morus Albae Cortex)]
Pungent and sweet in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen and Lung meridians. It primarily treats emaciation due to Cold Damage (Shanghan), metrorrhagia with faint pulse, excess of Lung Qi, latent heat from deficiency consumption, stagnation of blood stasis, hematemesis with thirst-heat, stops coughing and eliminates phlegm, opens the stomach and promotes appetite, benefits urination and defecation, reduces edema, kills Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworms), and can be used for suturing traumatic wounds caused by metal instruments. The white juice within the bark is applied to dry lips and aphthous ulcers in children. Slice with a copper knife, honey-fry over mild fire, ensuring no moisture drips off; use Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guixin) and Cannabis Fructus (Mazi) as guides. Avoid contact with lead and iron.
Sangzhi (Morus Albae Ramulus) treats contracture of hands and feet, pain in the genitalia, dizziness around the eye orbits, rebellious Qi with cough, swelling, toxicity, wind, and itching.
Sangshen (Mori Fructus) opens orifices, benefits blood vessels, calms the Shen (Spirit), darkens beard and hair, and brightens eyes and ears.
Sangjisheng (Taxilli Caulis) primarily removes lower back pain, dispels wind-dampness, strengthens sinews and bones, nourishes flesh and skin, heals traumatic wounds, benefits blood vessels, promotes growth of beard and hair, strengthens teeth and gums, calms fetal movement, promotes lactation, and stops metrorrhagia. The authentic material is identified by its deep yellow interior when the stem is broken.
Commentary: Sangbaipi’s pungency directs it westward to drain Lung Metal, while its sweetness returns to the center to benefit Spleen Earth. However, those with deficient Lung Qi and weak Spleen Qi should not use it, fearing that such moistening and purgative substances may deplete the True Yuan (Original Qi).
The branches naturally diverge in four directions, possessing the meaning of dispersing and diffusing. The fruit serves as the essence of the mulberry, offering beneficial effects. Sangjisheng grows exclusively overseas, likely because the warm climate there does not require sericulture, so the mulberry trees suffer no harm from picking. They absorb Qi most intensely, with dense vitality growing naturally on the leaves; how could there be nodes capable of harboring other seeds? This theory originates from Zhu Danxi and is the most reasonable. Texts like *Tu Jing* are all incorrect. Authentic specimens are rare; mistaken use can be fatal.
Lei Gong states: When using Sangjisheng, select those growing naturally on solitary branches of the tree. After harvesting, chop the branches, roots, and stems finely with a copper knife, dry in the shade for use, and absolutely avoid fire. Take utmost caution.
[Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus)]
Bitter and sweet in flavor, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. It primarily treats pathogenic heat within the five zang organs, irritability and wasting-thirst, generalized bi-syndrome with wind-dampness, descends Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, relieves headache, brightens the eyes, tonifies exhaustion and injury, strengthens sinews and bones, benefits essence and marrow, fortifies Heart Qi, strengthens Yin and enhances intelligence, expels wind from the skin and interosseous spaces, and dissipates swelling, toxicity, and heat from sores. Long-term consumption prolongs life. It is incompatible with dairy products and cheese, and resolves facial toxins.
Commentary: Gouqizi’s bitterness can strengthen the Kidney, and its cold nature can clear the Liver. Since disorders of the five zang organs originate from these two meridians, it is suitable for their treatment. Tao Hongjing said, "Traveling a thousand miles from home, do not eat Gouqi," referring to its ability to replenish essence and strengthen the Kidneys. However, only those produced in Ganzhou possess this efficacy. Locally produced ones are bitter and merely benefit urination and defecation, clearing Heart heat.
Lei Gong states: Upon harvesting Gouqizi, soak it in flowing water from the east, brush off the soil, soak in decoction of cooked Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao) overnight, then bake dry for use. Roots resembling human figures are considered superior. Consume leaves in spring, fruits in summer, and roots and fruits in autumn and winter.