一妇新秋病，洒淅恶寒，寒已发热，渐生咳嗽，服表散药不愈，体日恹羸。延至初冬，饮以参、术
补剂，转觉恹恹欲绝，饮食不思，有咳无声，泻利不止，危在旦夕。嘉言诊华，谓曰∶是病总由误药
所致，始先皮毛间洒淅恶寒发热，肺金为时令之燥所伤也。肺素有热，表散已非，至用参、术补之，则
肺气闭锢，而咳嗽之声不扬，胸腹饱胀，不思饮食，肺中之热，无处可宣，急奔大肠，食入则不待运化
而直出，食不入，则肠中之垢污亦随气奔而出，是以泻利无休也。故凡病之服辛热补剂，而转至下利者，悉
蹈此弊。今
以清金润肺之药，兼清润其肠，则源流俱清，寒热咳泻，一齐俱止矣。方用黄芩、骨皮、甘草、杏仁、阿
胶。初进一剂，泻即稍止。四剂毕而寒热俱除。再数剂而咳嗽俱全愈。
伤风一症，须审时令，更分轻重。若在冬令严寒，感之而重者，即为风伤卫传经之伤风，在三时则
为感冒风邪轻症。经曰∶伤于风者，上先受之。故伤风必肺先受邪，又曰内症。经曰∶内腠闭拒，虽
有大风苛毒，弗之能害。盖肺虚则玄府不闭，脾虚则肌肉不充，风邪乘虚，乃客于经。若腠理闭而卫气
固，风邪何自而入哉。士材谓风之伤人，必从俞入，俞皆在背，故背常固密，风弗能干。已受风邪者，
宜曝其背，使之透热，则潜消默散。经文所谓乘虚来犯固矣，若其人素有痰热，壅遏于太阴阳明
之经，内有窠囊，则风邪易于外束，若为之招引者然。所谓风乘火势，火借风威，互相鼓煽也。治实之
法，秋冬与之辛温，春夏与之辛凉，解其肌表，微汗而散。治虚之法，解其风邪，坚固卫气；若专于发
散，或汗多亡阳，或屡痊屡发，皆治之过也。治风火之法，辛凉外发，甘寒内和，勿与苦寒，恐正不得
伸，邪不得解耳。
疏邪利金汤〔自制〕治恶风发热，鼻塞打嚏，鼻流清涕，痰嗽或头痛。〔轻者但眉棱骨痛。〕
防风 荆芥〔散风邪。〕前胡〔祛风痰。〕杏仁〔散肺经风寒滞气，利肺中气逆喘
嗽。〕桔梗〔入肺开发，能通鼻塞。〕甘草〔和中辅正。〕苏子 橘红〔下气消痰。〕初
起可加生姜，〔久则风化为热勿用。〕头痛加川芎，〔如平素阴虚火盛，有痰红之患者，用宜酌量。〕
或加甘菊。无汗〔是兼感寒邪，以风与寒常相因也。〕加苏叶。如热。伤风，〔或饮酒过酣，或重衣浓
被，而感冒风邪。〕咽干喉痛，声壅或哑，加薄荷，〔风上壅之要药。〕石膏。〔辛能解肌，寒能清热。〕
此疏散风邪，清利肺气之剂。初冒风时，只宜清散，久则风化为热，须以兼症治之。每见世人，以
冒风为小疾，不惟不治，而反纵行酒色大荤，咳伤肺络，痰红不已，遂成虚穷而死，此则病患之过。或
产后冒风，医者徒执产后宜大补
气血之论，不为清解，竟用酸收补剂，使风邪愈固，内热愈炽，遂为不起，此则医者之咎。举此二条为
鉴，一隅三反，是有望于智者矣。
一位妇女在初秋时节患病，出现怕冷、战栗的症状，寒冷过后发热，逐渐产生咳嗽。服用解表发散的药物后病情未愈，身体日渐虚弱消瘦。拖延到初冬时节，又给她服用人参、白术等补益剂，结果反而觉得更加虚弱，几乎要断气，不想吃东西，有咳嗽却发不出声音，腹泻不止，生命垂危。
嘉言（喻昌）诊察脉象后说：这个病总归是由误用药物导致的。起初是皮毛间怕冷、战栗、发热，这是肺金被时令的燥邪所伤。患者肺中本有热，此时再用解表药已不对症，等到用人参、白术来补益，导致肺气闭阻郁结，所以咳嗽的声音不响亮，胸腹部饱胀，不想饮食。肺中的热邪无处宣泄，急迫地奔向大肠，食物吃进去后，来不及运化就直接排出；如果食物没吃进去，肠中的污秽也随着气机奔涌而出，因此腹泻没有休止。所以凡是生病服用辛热补剂，反而导致下利的，都犯了这种错误。现在用清金润肺的药物，同时清润肠道，那么源头和流弊都得到清理，寒热、咳嗽、腹泻就会一齐停止。方子用黄芩、地骨皮、甘草、杏仁、阿胶。刚服下一剂，腹泻就稍微停止。四剂服完后，寒热症状全部消除。再服几剂，咳嗽也完全痊愈。
伤风这一病症，必须审察时令季节，还要区分轻重。如果在冬季严寒时，感受邪气而病情重的，就是风伤卫分并传经的伤风；在其他三个季节（春、夏、秋），则属于感冒风邪的轻症。《内经》说：受风邪侵袭，上部先受病。所以伤风必定是肺先受邪，这也称为内症。《内经》又说：如果体内腠理闭合抵御能力强，即使有大风毒邪，也不能伤害人体。大概是因为肺虚则玄府（汗孔）不能闭合，脾虚则肌肉不充实，风邪乘虚而入，停留在经络中。如果腠理闭合且卫气坚固，风邪从哪里进入呢？士材（李中梓）认为风邪伤人，一定从俞穴进入，俞穴都在背部，所以背部通常固密，风邪不能侵犯。已经受了风邪的人，应该晒背，使热气透出，风邪就能潜移默化地消散。经文所说的是乘虚来犯的情况固然如此，但如果这个人素来有痰热，壅塞在太阴、阳明经络中，体内有痰饮积聚的“窠囊”，那么风邪就容易从外部束缚，好像是被招引进来一样。这就是所谓的风借火势，火借风威，互相鼓动煽动。治疗实证的方法，秋冬给予辛温药，春夏给予辛凉药，解除肌表之邪，微微出汗而散。治疗虚证的方法，解除风邪，坚固卫气；如果专门使用发散药，或者汗出过多导致亡阳，或者屡次痊愈又屡次发作，都是治疗的过失。治疗风火合邪的方法，用辛凉药从外部发散，用甘寒药从内部调和，不要用苦寒药，恐怕正气不得伸展，邪气不得解散。
疏邪利金汤〔自制〕治疗怕风发热，鼻塞打喷嚏，鼻流清涕，痰嗽或头痛。〔轻者只是眉棱骨痛。〕
防风、荆芥〔疏散风邪。〕前胡〔祛除风痰。〕杏仁〔疏散肺经风寒滞气，利降肺中气逆引起的喘咳。〕桔梗〔入肺经开发宣通，能通鼻塞。〕甘草〔调和脾胃，辅助正气。〕苏子、橘红〔降气消痰。〕初起可以加生姜，〔久了风邪化为热邪就不要用了。〕头痛加川芎，〔如果平时阴虚火旺，有咳血症状的患者，用量应斟酌。〕或者加甘菊。无汗〔这是兼感寒邪，因为风和寒常常相互伴随。〕加苏叶。如果有热象的伤风，〔或者是饮酒过量，或者是穿厚衣盖厚被后感冒风邪。〕咽干喉痛，声音嘶哑或失音，加薄荷，〔这是治疗风邪上壅的要药。〕石膏。〔辛味能解肌，寒性能清热。〕这是疏散风邪，清利肺气的方剂。刚开始冒风时，只宜清散，久了风邪化为热邪，必须根据兼症治疗。经常看见世人，把冒风当作小病，不仅不治疗，反而放纵行房事、喝酒、吃大荤，咳伤肺络，咳血不停，最终成为虚损而死，这是病人的过错。或者是产后冒风，医生只执着于产后应当大补气血的理论，不清除解表，竟然用酸收敛补的药，使风邪更加固结，内热更加炽盛，最终不治身亡，这是医生的罪过。列举这两条作为借鉴，举一反三，希望有智慧的人能明白。
A woman fell ill in early autumn, experiencing chills and shivering (Saxi Ehan), followed by fever after the cold subsided, gradually developing a cough. After taking exterior-releasing and dispersing medicines, the condition did not improve, and her body became increasingly weak and emaciated. By early winter, she was given tonics containing Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu). Consequently, she felt even more lethargic, nearly dying, lost her appetite, had a cough without sound, suffered from incessant diarrhea, and was in critical condition on the verge of death.
Jiayan (Yu Chang) examined her pulse and said: This illness is entirely caused by erroneous medication. Initially, the chills and fever at the skin and hair level indicated that Lung Metal was injured by the dryness of the season. Since the lungs already harbored heat, exterior-releasing methods were no longer appropriate. The subsequent use of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) for tonification caused the closure and stagnation of Lung Qi. This resulted in a hoarse cough, chest and abdominal fullness, and loss of appetite. The heat within the lungs had nowhere to vent and rushed urgently into the Large Intestine. Food entered but was not digested or transformed, passing through directly; if no food was eaten, the filth in the intestines also rushed out with the Qi. Hence, the diarrhea was unceasing. Therefore, any disease where the administration of acrid-warm tonic agents leads to diarrhea falls into this error. Now, using herbs that clear Metal and moisten the Lungs, while simultaneously clearing and moistening the intestines, both the source and the branch will be cleared, and the chills, fever, cough, and diarrhea will cease together. The prescription consists of Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Lycii Cortex (Gupi), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), and Coagulum Hematis Asini (Ejiao). After the first dose, the diarrhea slightly stopped. After four doses, the chills and fever were completely eliminated. After a few more doses, the cough was fully cured.
Wind-cold (Shangfeng) must be assessed according to the season and distinguished by severity. If contracted during the severe cold of winter and presenting heavily, it is wind injuring the Wei (Defensive) level and transmitting through the meridians. In the other three seasons, it is a mild case of Wind-Cold Exogenous Pathogen (Ganmao Fengxie). The Classics state: "When injured by wind, the upper part is affected first." Thus, in wind-cold, the Lungs are always the first to receive the pathogen, which is also termed an internal syndrome. The Classics further state: "If the interior pores (Couli) are closed and resisting, even great wind and severe toxins cannot harm." Generally, if the Lungs are deficient, the Xuanfu (pores) do not close; if the Spleen is deficient, the muscles are not filled. Wind pathogens take advantage of this deficiency to lodge in the meridians. If the Couli are closed and the Wei Qi is solid, how can wind pathogens enter? Shicai (Li Zhongzi) stated that wind pathogens entering the human body must enter via the Shu points, which are all located on the back. Therefore, the back is usually firm and dense, preventing wind from affecting it. For those who have already received wind pathogens, exposing the back to the sun allows heat to penetrate, causing the wind to dissipate silently. While the Classics refer to invasion due to deficiency, if a person inherently has phlegm-heat obstructing the Taiyin and Yangming meridians, forming a "nest" of phlegm-fluid retention, wind pathogens can easily be bound externally, as if invited. This is described as wind riding upon fire's momentum, and fire borrowing wind's power, mutually inciting each other. To treat excess patterns, administer acrid-warm formulas in autumn and winter, and acrid-cool formulas in spring and summer, to release the muscle layer and disperse via slight sweating. To treat deficiency patterns, release the wind pathogen and strengthen the Wei Qi; focusing solely on dispersing may lead to excessive sweating and Yang collapse, or repeated recovery and relapse, which are treatment errors. To treat combined wind-fire patterns, use acrid-cool herbs to disperse externally and sweet-cool herbs to harmonize internally; avoid bitter-cold herbs, lest the healthy Qi fail to extend and the pathogen fail to resolve.
Shuxie Lijin Tang [Self-made] treats aversion to wind, fever, nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, phlegmy cough, or headache. [Mild cases present only with pain in the supraorbital ridge.]
Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jingjie (Perillae Folium) [Disperse wind pathogens.] Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) [Remove wind-phlegm.] Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) [Disperse wind-cold stagnant Qi in the Lung meridian, relieve lung Qi rebellion causing wheezing and cough.] Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) [Enters the Lung to open and diffuse, relieving nasal congestion.] Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [Harmonizes the Middle and supports Righteous Qi.] Suzi (Perillae Fructus), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum) [Descend Qi and eliminate phlegm.] At onset, fresh ginger (Shengjiang) may be added; [if prolonged, wind transforms into heat, so avoid use.] For headache, add Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma); [use with caution in patients with Yin deficiency and hyperactive fire or hemoptysis.] Alternatively, add Ganju (Chrysanthemi Flos). For absence of sweating [indicating concurrent cold pathogen, as wind and cold often accompany each other], add Zisu (Perillae Folium). For wind-cold with heat [due to overindulgence in alcohol or heavy clothing/blankets leading to wind invasion], with dry throat and sore throat, hoarseness or aphonia, add Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) [a key herb for upper wind obstruction] and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) [Acrid nature releases the muscle layer, cold nature clears heat]. This is a formula to disperse wind pathogens and clear/benefit Lung Qi. When initially exposed to wind, only clearing and dispersing should be used; if prolonged, wind transforms into heat, requiring treatment based on accompanying symptoms. It is common to see people treating wind exposure as a minor ailment, not only failing to treat it but indulging in sexual activity, alcohol, and rich meats, damaging Lung collaterals through coughing, leading to persistent hemoptysis, and eventually dying of consumptive deficiency. This is the patient's fault. Or, in postpartum wind exposure, physicians rigidly adhere to the theory that postpartum requires major tonification of Qi and Blood, failing to clear and release, instead using sour-astringent tonics. This causes the wind pathogen to become entrenched and internal heat to blaze, leading to untreatable conditions. This is the physician's fault. These two examples serve as warnings; applying this principle to other cases is expected of the wise.