温热病者，乃感冒时令之温邪热邪为病，发于三、四五、六月者是也。世俗不知，概以春夏秋三
时感冒，俱称为伤寒，辄用仲景节庵诸书，发表温里之法，误杀苍生，不得不辨。今将四时感冒症脉
病名，逐一详明，庶不误治。夫伤寒者，乃大雪以后为终之气，足太阳寒水司令，冰冻严寒，触冒寒
邪，即头疼发热恶寒，身疼腰痛，脊强无汗，脉浮而紧，此寒邪伤于太阳营分，故谓伤寒，麻黄汤主
之。若头疼发热恶风，自汗脉浮而缓，此风邪伤于太阳卫分，即为伤风，桂枝汤主之。若头疼发热恶
寒，身疼腰疼脊强，无汗烦躁，脉浮而紧，此风寒两伤营卫，大青龙汤主之。三证总为伤寒，此则宜
遵二氏之书治法，喻嘉言之《尚论篇》，陶节庵之《家秘的本》，《杀车槌法》所并宜深玩也。立
春以后为初之气，厥阴风木司令，或初春寒气应去而未去，如见上项太阳诸症，仍为伤寒，宜以前汤
小剂发表，或用
九味羌活汤加减治之。若值天气温暄，微温之风，人感即病，谓之风温症。显往来寒热，头痛恶风，
口苦咽干，目眩耳聋，胸胁肋髀俱痛，不能转侧，或恶心呕吐，胃脘当心而痛，自汗脉弦，邪在足少阳
也，当以辛凉轻散，小柴胡汤加减治之，内以甘寒和解，与冬伤于风，感不即病，至春温令伏风内发
而为风温迥异。须知初春时令，或寒或温或热不一，当细辨明，随症施治。清明以后，为二之气，少阴君
火司令，感冒温风，则手厥阴心包代心君为病，以心为君主，义不受邪故也。其症头痛，或不痛，
但身热，始起微恶寒无汗，心中澹澹大动，或烦躁发疹，左手脉洪而盛，此受时令温邪为病，名曰温病，
与冬伤于寒，伏匿至春，而发为温病不同。宜柴胡丹皮汤，煎服探吐，以取微汗解表，经谓火郁发之之
意也。芒种以后，为三之气，手少阳相火司令，感冒热邪，则三焦经络受病，其症头痛发热，恶风自
汗，目锐 连耳后痛，耳鸣耳聋，眩晕咽痛，肩 肘臂外廉皆痛，或烦躁发斑，右手脉洪而盛，此受时
令热邪为病，名曰热病，宜柴胡丹皮汤，探吐解表。盖温热感冒，皆入手经，不在足经受病，如遇传变，
则当随其所传，或手经或足经之现症治法处方，此治温热之大纲也。然在大暑小暑之时，又有中暑一症。
即《金匮》云∶太阳中热者喝是也。汗出恶寒，身热而渴，其脉必虚，当用人参白虎汤〔详在暑门。〕
立秋以后，为四之气，太阴湿士司令，然湿土寄旺于四季之末，长夏湿病最多，若一身尽痛发热，身色
如熏黄，此
即《金匮》云∶湿家之为病也。治宜羌活四苓散，加茵陈、山栀之属。〔当从湿门参治。〕寒露以后，
为五之气，阳明燥金司令，若身热微头痛，洒淅恶寒，即秋时感凉，谓之燥病，治宜羌防香苏散，表散
其邪为主。若嘉言云∶诸气愤郁，诸痰喘呕，咳不止而出白血死者，谓之燥病，乃伤于内者为言，故
制清燥救肺汤，皆滋阴清凉之品，施于火热刑金，肺气受伤者宜之，设以治外感清凉时气之燥，则以凉
投凉，病必增剧，可不辨欤！经曰∶治病必求其本，必先岁气，盖有其时，必有其气，有其气，必有其
经络脏腑受邪，故曰∶乘春则肝先受之，乘夏则心先受之，乘季夏则脾先受之，乘秋则肺先受之，乘冬则
肾先受之，以故温热之邪，是应心主包络三焦受之而无疑也。夫春温风木，夏热君相暑火，长夏湿土，秋
凉燥金，冬寒寒水，谓之六淫，正气感之而病，各随其气，而命其名，施其治，已明于前。若春应温
而反寒，夏应热而反凉，秋应凉而反热，冬应寒而反温，即风火暑湿燥寒之客气流行，如临于春夏秋冬六
位主气之上，故与时令有异。如太阳寒水，加于盛夏则寒，即为感寒，君相加于隆冬则暖，即为冬温。
但客气为病，沿家合巷，长幼相似，乃天地流行之气感人所致，第当取其风火暑湿燥寒之客气一邪而为主
治，世混称非时感冒，概作伤寒治之，误矣！又谓瘟疫，更出不经，若伏邪内发之温病，经曰∶冬
伤于寒，春必温病。又曰∶冬不藏精者，春必病温。此言致温病之由也。其温病之症，仲景曰∶太
阳病发热而渴，不恶寒者为温病。盖冬伤于寒，足太阳先受之，若冬不藏精之人。寒直入肾，多从
太阳始者，受于阴而发于阳也。春令阳气发越，邪亦从之内出，故发热；津液为伏邪煎熬所伤，故
渴；表无邪，故不恶寒。又曰∶风温为病，脉阴阳俱浮。盖肾与膀胱，一脏一腑，同时病发，所以
其脉阴阳俱浮，自汗出，身重多眠，鼻必鼾，语言难出，一一尽显少阴本症。此言冬伤于风，至春发
为风温之病，必兼上言太阳病，发热而渴，不恶寒之症，不可汗，又不可下，若误汗误下，是促其
亡也。故遇春令始病即见口渴，舌苔干燥，心烦小便黄赤，咳喘气急等症，外显身热不恶寒，即是冬伤
于寒，春必病温之症。因寒邪伏匿，郁久壅热，暗耗肾水，至春发出。其病最重，百中难救六、七。若
始病即见口渴，舌苔干燥等症，外又头痛发热恶寒者。乃兼感时令之邪，外内合发，与一脏一腑〔如肾
与膀胱，脾与胃，肝与胆俱伤。〕两感伤寒相似，不治之症。但两感乃邪从外入，而合发则内外两邪相
合为病，不可不辨。大法治伏邪而发为温病、风温之症，当用辛凉，微汗透表，兼以养阴，顾其津液，清
热调胃。便实者，仅用疏利，不可大下，恐伤阴气，致变坏症。然又当推《难经》云∶温病之脉，行在诸
经，不知何经而动，各随其经所在而取之。夫邪之所在，其气必虚，所以伏邪内发，
乃随脏腑虚处而发，如水之流行，洼先受之，必审邪发何经，则随经施治。如见头项痛，腰脊强，则
从太阳治；如见目痛鼻干不得卧，自汗谵语，大渴心烦，则从阳明治之；如见胸胁痛，耳聋，寒热往
来，呕而口苦，则从少阳治；如见腹满咽干，吐而食不下，自利而腹疼，则从太阴治；如见口燥舌干
而渴，心烦但欲寐，则从少阴治；如见烦满、囊缩、消渴，气上冲心，心中热痛，饥不欲食，食则吐蛔，
下之利不止者，则从厥阴治之。当推伤寒表里之法用药，所以仲景于此不出方，而实有对症之方存焉，
即当各随其所得而攻之也。余论温热症治，而因叙四时六气感人之病，以及客气流行，伏邪内发，为温
病风温之症，使学人因时以辨症定名，因症以察脉用药，勿徒以伤寒概六气之病。又当推经言有者求之，
无者求之，但见何经的症，即用何经治法，不可固执拘板不移，始可无误。要知温热之病，解表则与伤寒
用麻、桂甘热不同，如遇传变阳明少阳三阴诸经，及手经诸症，或清热，或攻里，或救虚，总不外伤
寒治法，一言以蔽之曰∶存津液。此治温病之大要也。
温热病，是指感受时令的温邪、热邪而引发的疾病，多发于农历三、四、五、六月。世俗之人不懂此理，一概将春夏秋三季的外感病都称为伤寒，动辄使用张仲景、陶节庵等人的著作中发表的解表和温里的治法，导致误治致死，不得不加以辨析。现在将四季外感病的症状、脉象和病名逐一详细说明，以免误治。
所谓伤寒，是在大雪节气之后，处于一年六气的终之气阶段，足太阳寒水当令，天气冰冻严寒，人体触犯寒邪，就会出现头痛、发热、恶寒、身体疼痛、腰痛、项背强直、无汗、脉浮而紧等症状。这是寒邪伤及太阳经的营分，所以称为伤寒，用麻黄汤主治。如果头痛、发热、恶风，自汗出、脉浮而缓，这是风邪伤及太阳经的卫分，称为伤风，用桂枝汤主治。如果头痛、发热、恶寒、身体疼痛、腰痛、项背强直、无汗且烦躁、脉浮而紧，这是风寒两伤营卫，用大青龙汤主治。这三种情况总归为伤寒，应当遵循这两位医家（指张仲景、陶节庵）书中的治法，喻嘉言的《尚论篇》、陶节庵的《伤寒家秘的本》、《杀车槌法》等书都应深入研读。
立春以后为初之气，厥阴风木当令。如果是初春寒气该退而未退，出现上述太阳经的各种症状，仍然属于伤寒，适宜用小剂量的前述方剂发表，或者用九味羌活汤加减治疗。如果遇到天气温暖，微温的风吹拂，人感染后即发病，称为风温症。表现为往来寒热、头痛恶风、口苦咽干、目眩耳聋、胸胁肋部及大腿均痛、不能转侧，或恶心呕吐、胃脘当心处疼痛、自汗、脉弦，这是邪气在足少阳经，应当用辛凉轻散的方法，用小柴胡汤加减治疗，内部用甘寒之法和解。这与冬天受风邪，当时不发病，到了春天温令时伏风内发而成的风温症截然不同。须知初春的时令，或寒、或温、或热不一，应当仔细辨别，随症施治。
清明以后为二之气，少阴君火当令。感冒温风，则手厥阴心包代心君受病，因为心为君主之官，按理不受邪气。其症状为头痛，或不痛，但身热，初起时轻微恶寒无汗，心中悸动不安，或烦躁发疹，左手脉洪大而盛，这是受时令温邪致病，名为温病，与冬天受寒，潜伏到春天发作的温病不同。适宜用柴胡丹皮汤，煎服后探吐，以取微汗解表，这就是经文所说的“火郁发之”的意思。
芒种以后为三之气，手少阳相火当令。感冒热邪，则三焦经络受病，其症状为头痛发热、恶风自汗、目锐眦连耳后痛、耳鸣耳聋、眩晕咽痛、肩肘臂外侧皆痛，或烦躁发斑，右手脉洪大而盛，这是受时令热邪致病，名为热病，适宜用柴胡丹皮汤，探吐解表。大概温热外感，多入手经，不在足经受病，如果遇到传变，则应当根据所传的病症，无论是手经还是足经的现症，按相应的治法和处方处理，这是治疗温热病的大纲。
然而在大暑小暑之时，又有中暑一症。即《金匮要略》所说：太阳中热者，就是喝病（中暑）。症状为汗出、恶寒、身热而渴，其脉必然虚，当用人参白虎汤（详见暑门）。
立秋以后为四之气，太阴湿土当令。然而湿土寄旺于四季之末，长夏时节湿病最多。如果一身尽痛发热，身色如熏黄，这就是《金匮要略》所说：湿家之为病。治宜羌活四苓散，加茵陈、山栀之类（应从湿门参考治疗）。
寒露以后为五之气，阳明燥金当令。如果身热微头痛，洒淅恶寒，即是秋天感受凉气，称为燥病，治宜羌防香苏散，以表散其邪为主。如果像喻嘉言所说：诸气愤郁，诸痰喘呕，咳不止而出白血死者，称为燥病，这是指内伤而言，所以制定清燥救肺汤，都是滋阴清凉的药物，适用于火热刑金、肺气受伤的人。如果用这些药来治疗外感清凉时气的燥病，那就是以凉投凉，病情必定加重，能不辨析吗！
经文说：治病必求其本，必先了解岁气。大概有其时，必有其气；有其气，必有其经络脏腑受邪。所以说：乘春则肝先受之，乘夏则心先受之，乘季夏则脾先受之，乘秋则肺先受之，乘冬则肾先受之。因此温热之邪，应是心主、心包络、三焦受之，毫无疑问。
夫春温风木，夏热君相暑火，长夏湿土，秋凉燥金，冬寒寒水，这叫做六淫。正气感受它们而生病，各自随着其气而命名，施行治疗，前面已经讲明。如果春天应温而反寒，夏天应热而反凉，秋天应凉而反热，冬天应寒而反温，这就是风火暑湿燥寒的客气流行，如同临于春夏秋冬六位主气之上，所以与时令不同。例如太阳寒水，加于盛夏则寒，即为感寒；君相加于隆冬则暖，即为冬温。但客气致病，往往一家一巷，长幼相似，这是天地流行之气感人所致，只应当取其风火暑湿燥寒的客气一邪作为主治。世人混称非时感冒，一概作伤寒治疗，是错误的！
又有人说是瘟疫，更是荒谬不经。若伏邪内发的温病，经文说：冬伤于寒，春必温病。又说：冬不藏精者，春必病温。这是说导致温病的原因。其温病的症状，张仲景说：太阳病发热而渴，不恶寒者为温病。大概冬天受寒，足太阳先受之；若是冬天不藏精的人，寒邪直入肾，大多从太阳开始，这是受于阴而发于阳。春令阳气发越，邪气也从中内出，所以发热；津液被伏邪煎熬所伤，所以口渴；表无邪气，所以不恶寒。
又说：风温为病，脉阴阳俱浮。肾与膀胱，一脏一腑，同时病发，所以其脉阴阳俱浮，自汗出，身重多眠，鼻必鼾声，语言难出，一一尽显少阴本症。这是说冬天受风邪，到春天发为风温的病，必须兼上文中说的太阳病发热而渴、不恶寒的症状，不可发汗，也不可攻下，如果误汗误下，是加速其死亡。所以遇到春季始病即见口渴、舌苔干燥、心烦小便黄赤、咳喘气急等症状，外显身热不恶寒，就是冬天受寒、春天必病温的症状。因寒邪伏匿，郁久壅热，暗耗肾水，到春天发出。此病最重，百人中难救六、七。如果始病即见口渴、舌苔干燥等症状，外又头痛发热恶寒者，乃是兼感时令之邪，外内合发，与一脏一腑（如肾与膀胱，脾与胃，肝与胆俱伤）两感伤寒相似，是不治之症。但两感是邪从外入，而合发则是内外两邪相合为病，不可不辨析。
大法治伏邪而发为温病、风温之症，应当用辛凉药物，微汗透表，兼以养阴，顾护津液，清热调胃。大便实者，仅用疏利，不可大下，恐怕伤阴气，导致变坏症。然而又应当推究《难经》所说：温病的脉，行在诸经，不知何经而动，各随其经所在而取之。邪气所在的部位，其气必然虚，所以伏邪内发，乃随脏腑虚处而发，如水之流行，洼地先受之。必须审察邪气发于何经，则随经施治。如见头项痛、腰脊强，则从太阳治；如见目痛鼻干不得卧、自汗谵语、大渴心烦，则从阳明治；如见胸胁痛、耳聋、寒热往来、呕而口苦，则从少阳治；如见腹满咽干、吐而食不下、自利而腹疼，则从太阴治；如见口燥舌干而渴、心烦但欲寐，则从少阴治；如见烦满、囊缩、消渴、气上冲心、心中热痛、饥不欲食、食则吐蛔、下之利不止者，则从厥阴治。应当推究伤寒表里之法用药，所以张仲景在此不出方，而实则含有对症之方存在，即应当各随其所得而攻之。
我论述温热症的治法，因而叙述四时六气感人致病，以及客气流行、伏邪内发，成为温病风温之症，使学习者因时以辨症定名，因症以察脉用药，不要徒然以伤寒概括六气之病。又应当推究经文所说：有者求之，无者求之。但见何经的确切症状，即用何经治法，不可固执拘板不移，才可以无误。要知道温热之病，解表则与伤寒用麻黄、桂枝、甘草等甘热药物不同。如遇传变阳明、少阳、三阴诸经，及手经诸症，或清热，或攻里，或救虚，总不离伤寒治法，一言以蔽之曰：存津液。这是治疗温病的大要。
Warm-heat diseases refer to illnesses caused by contracting warm pathogens or heat pathogens of the seasonal climate, typically occurring in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth lunar months. The lay public, lacking understanding, generally categorizes all external contraction diseases in spring, summer, and autumn as Cold Damage (Shanghan), and frequently applies the methods of releasing the exterior and warming the interior from the works of Zhang Zhongjing and Tao Jie'an, leading to misdiagnosis and death. It is necessary to clarify this distinction. Herein, the symptoms, pulses, and disease names of seasonal external contractions are detailed one by one to prevent therapeutic errors.
Cold Damage (Shanghan) occurs after the Major Snow solar term, during the final phase of the six qi cycles, when Foot Taiyang Cold Water governs. The weather is freezing and severe; if one is exposed to cold pathogens, symptoms such as headache, fever, aversion to cold, body pain, lower back pain, stiffness of the spine, absence of sweating, and a floating and tight pulse appear. This indicates that cold pathogens have injured the Ying (Nutrient) level of the Taiyang channel, hence termed Cold Damage, treated primarily with Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). If symptoms include headache, fever, aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, and a floating and slow pulse, this indicates wind pathogens injuring the Wei (Defensive) level of the Taiyang channel, termed Wind Injury, treated primarily with Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). If symptoms include headache, fever, aversion to cold, body pain, lower back pain, spinal stiffness, absence of sweating, irritability, and a floating and tight pulse, this indicates simultaneous injury to both Ying and Wei by wind and cold, treated primarily with Da Qinglong Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction). These three conditions are collectively categorized under Cold Damage, and treatment should follow the methods in the books of these two masters (Zhang Zhongjing and Tao Jie'an). Works such as Yu Jiayan's *Shanglun Pian* (Discussion on Ancient Treatises), Tao Jie'an's *Jiami Bencao* (Secret Essentials of Home Formulas), and *Shache Chui Fa* (Methods for Breaking the Wheelbarrow) should be studied deeply.
After the Beginning of Spring, it is the first phase, governed by Jueyin Wind Wood. If early spring cold air persists despite the season, presenting the aforementioned Taiyang symptoms, it remains Cold Damage. It is appropriate to use small doses of the aforementioned formulas to release the exterior, or treat with modified Jiawei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction). If the weather is warm, and one contracts illness from mild warm winds, it is termed Wind-Warmth Syndrome. Symptoms include alternating chills and fever, headache, aversion to wind, bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, vertigo, deafness, pain in the chest, hypochondrium, ribs, and thighs preventing turning over, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain at the heart region, spontaneous sweating, and a wiry pulse. This indicates pathogenic factors in the Foot Shaoyang channel. Treatment should employ light, acrid-cool dispersing methods, using modified Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) internally with sweet-cool harmonizing agents. This differs significantly from Wind-Warmth arising from winter wind invasion where the pathogen lies dormant and erupts in spring warmth. One must carefully distinguish whether the early spring climate is cold, warm, or hot, and treat accordingly.
After Clear Brightness (Qingming), it is the second phase, governed by Shaoyin Sovereign Fire. Contracting warm winds affects the Hand Jueyin Pericardium, which acts on behalf of the Heart Monarch, as the Heart itself does not accept pathogens due to its sovereign status. Symptoms include headache (or no headache), but mainly body heat. Initially, there may be slight aversion to cold and absence of sweating, palpitations, irritability, or rashes. The left hand pulse is surging and full. This is an illness caused by seasonal warm pathogens, named Warm Disease (Wenbing). It differs from Warm Disease caused by winter cold lying dormant until spring eruption. Treatment involves Chaihu Danpi Tang (Bupleurum and Moutan Decoction), decocted and taken with induced vomiting to induce slight sweating and resolve the exterior, following the principle of "releasing fire stagnation."
After Grain in Ear (Mangzhong), it is the third phase, governed by Hand Shaoyang Ministerial Fire. Contracting heat pathogens affects the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) meridians. Symptoms include headache, fever, aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, pain connecting the outer canthus to behind the ear, tinnitus, deafness, vertigo, sore throat, pain along the lateral aspects of the shoulders, elbows, and arms, irritability, or macules. The right hand pulse is surging and full. This is an illness caused by seasonal heat pathogens, named Heat Disease (Rebing). Treatment involves Chaihu Danpi Tang, with induced vomiting to resolve the exterior. Generally, warm-heat external contractions affect the Hand meridians rather than the Foot meridians. If transmission occurs, treatment should follow the specific symptoms of the affected Hand or Foot meridians. This constitutes the general outline for treating warm-heat diseases.
However, during Great Heat and Minor Heat, there is the syndrome of Summerheat Stroke. As stated in *Jingui Yaolue*: "Taiyang Summerheat is called Re (Heatstroke)." Symptoms include sweating, aversion to cold, body heat, and thirst. The pulse must be deficient. Ren Shen Baizhu Tang (Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction) should be used (see Summerheat section).
After Beginning of Autumn, it is the fourth phase, governed by Taiyin Damp Earth. However, Damp Earth thrives at the end of each season, making Dampness diseases most common in Late Summer. If the whole body aches with fever and the skin has a smoky yellow hue, this is the "Dampness Patient" syndrome described in *Jingui Yaolue*. Treatment requires Qianghuo Siling San (Notopterygium and Four-Ingredient Poria Powder) added with Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) and Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus) (refer to Dampness section for treatment).
After Cold Dew (Hanlu), it is the fifth phase, governed by Yangming Dry Metal. If there is body heat, slight headache, and shivering aversion to cold, it is cooling contracted in autumn, termed Dryness Disease. Treatment requires Qiangfang Xiangsu San (Notopterygium, Saposhnikovia, and Litsea Powder) to primarily disperse the exterior pathogen. If, as Yu Jiayan states: "Qi stagnation and depression, phlegm, wheezing, vomiting, coughing without cessation leading to death with white blood," this is termed Dryness Disease, referring to internal injury. Thus, Qingzao Jiufei Tang (Clear Dryness Rescue Lung Decoction) was formulated, consisting of yin-nourishing and cooling herbs, suitable for cases where fire scorches metal and lung qi is damaged. Using these for external contraction dryness from cool seasonal qi would be applying cold to cold, worsening the disease. Must one not distinguish this?
The Classic states: "In treating diseases, one must seek the root, and first understand the annual qi." Where there is a time, there is qi; where there is qi, there are meridians and organs receiving pathogens. Thus: In spring, Liver receives it first; in summer, Heart; in late summer, Spleen; in autumn, Lung; in winter, Kidney. Therefore, warm-heat pathogens undoubtedly affect the Heart Master, Pericardium, and Sanjiao.
Spring Warmth Wind Wood, Summer Heat Sovereign/Ministerial Summerheat Fire, Late Summer Damp Earth, Autumn Cool Dry Metal, Winter Cold Cold Water—these are the Six Excesses (Liu Yin). When righteous qi contracts them, illness ensues. Naming and treating according to the specific qi was clarified earlier. If spring should be warm but is cold, summer should be hot but is cool, autumn should be cool but is hot, winter should be cold but is warm, this is the circulation of Guest Qi (Ke Qi) of wind, fire, summerheat, dampness, dryness, and cold, overlaying the Host Qi (Zhu Qi) of the four seasons, differing from normal seasonal patterns. For example, Taiyang Cold Water adding to midsummer causes cold, termed Cold Contraction; Sovereign Fire adding to deep winter causes warmth, termed Winter Warmth. Guest Qi diseases often affect entire households similarly, caused by heavenly qi influencing humans. One should treat based on the specific Guest Qi pathogen. Calling non-seasonal external contractions simply "Cold Damage" is erroneous!
Furthermore, calling it Plague (Wenyi) is absurd. Regarding Warm Disease caused by latent pathogens: The Classic says, "Winter injury by cold leads to Warm Disease in Spring." And, "Those who do not store essence in winter will contract Warm Disease in Spring." This explains the cause of Warm Disease. Zhang Zhongjing states regarding Warm Disease symptoms: "Taiyang disease with fever and thirst, without aversion to cold, is Warm Disease." Winter cold injures Foot Taiyang first. For those who did not store essence in winter, cold enters directly into the Kidney, often starting from Taiyang, meaning injury to Yin manifesting as Yang. Spring yang qi rises, carrying the pathogen outward, causing fever; fluids are consumed by latent heat, causing thirst; no exterior pathogen remains, so no aversion to cold.
It is also said: "Wind-Warmth disease presents with yin and yang pulses both floating." Kidney and Bladder, zang and fu, suffer simultaneously, hence yin and yang pulses float. Spontaneous sweating, heavy body, excessive sleepiness, snoring, difficulty speaking—all reveal Shaoyin fundamental symptoms. This describes Wind-Warmth from winter wind infection erupting in spring, which must combine with the aforementioned Taiyang symptoms of fever, thirst, and no aversion to cold. Sweating and purgation are contraindicated; error leads to death. Thus, if spring onset shows thirst, dry tongue coating, vexation, yellow-red urine, cough, asthma, rapid breathing, and exterior heat without aversion to cold, it is Winter Cold/Spring Warm Disease. Latent cold stagnates, generating heat, secretly consuming Kidney water, erupting in spring. This is severe, with only 60-70% survival. If onset shows thirst, dry tongue coating, plus headache, fever, and aversion to cold, it is combined seasonal and internal pathogen attack, similar to Two-Channel Cold Damage (Lianggan Shanghan) involving paired zang-fu organs (Kidney/Bladder, Spleen/Stomach, Liver/Gallbladder), which is incurable. Two-Channel damage is external invasion; combined attack is internal-external synergy. Must distinguish.
The major treatment for Warm Disease/Wind-Warmth from latent pathogens uses acrid-cool herbs, slight sweating to vent the exterior, nourishing yin, protecting fluids, clearing heat, and regulating the stomach. For constipation, only mild purgation is allowed, never strong purgation, to avoid damaging yin qi and causing complications. One must reference *Nanjing*: "Pulses of Warm Disease travel through various channels; identify the affected channel and treat accordingly." Pathogens reside where qi is deficient; latent pathogens erupt where zang-fu are weak, like water filling depressions. Determine the channel of eruption and treat accordingly. Head/neck pain, stiff spine → Treat Taiyang. Eye pain, dry nose, insomnia, sweating, delirium, extreme thirst, vexation → Treat Yangming. Hypochondriac pain, deafness, alternating chills/fever, vomiting, bitter taste → Treat Shaoyang. Abdominal fullness, dry throat, vomiting, inability to eat, diarrhea, abdominal pain → Treat Taiyin. Dry mouth/tongue/thirst, vexation, desire to sleep → Treat Shaoyin. Vexation/fullness, testicular retraction, wasting-thirst, qi rushing to heart, burning heart pain, hunger but no appetite, vomiting roundworms, diarrhea after purgation → Treat Jueyin. Apply Cold Damage exterior-interior principles. Zhang Zhongjing provides no fixed formula here because the correct formula exists within the symptom pattern; treat according to what is obtained.
I discuss Warm-Heat treatment, narrating four seasons/six qi diseases, Guest Qi circulation, and latent pathogen eruptions, so students learn to name syndromes by season, select pulses/herbs by syndrome, and not generalize Six Qi diseases under Cold Damage. Refer to the Classic: "Seek what is present, seek what is absent." Use the treatment method of the channel showing definite symptoms. Do not be rigid. Know that Warm-Heat exterior resolution differs from Cold Damage's acrid-warm Ma Huang, Gui Zhi, Gan Cao. Whether transmitting to Yangming, Shaoyang, Three Yin, or Hand meridians, whether clearing heat, purging interior, or saving deficiency, it always relates to Cold Damage methods. Summarized in one phrase: Preserve Fluids (Cun Jin Ye). This is the essence of treating Warm Disease.