夫人五脏六腑十二经脉，除足太阳经，其余十一经，皆内循咽喉，尽得以病之，不独肺
胃也。但有阴阳、表里、风湿、寒热、虚实、缓急、轻重之不同，不得其传，何能辨认？临
症看喉之诀，最要手轻眼快，切莫心粗气浮。无令富贵贫贱，老幼男女，必令患者朝明处而
坐，使人将患者靠扶其背，手托其头。医者用压舌片或竹片或竹筷按其舌根，以便看其喉中
左右、上下、内外如何情势。或红甚，或肿甚、痛甚、或微红、微肿、微疼，或红甚痛甚而
不肿，或不红不痛而只肿，或不红不肿且色白而疼痛，或有形或无形，或来势急发于顷刻，
或从容柔缓起于数朝，或喉里喉外皆红肿，或头颈腮颐并肿红，或因瘟疫大渴，或感风寒发
热恶寒，或已灌而不能速溃，或溃后余肿不消，或破烂，或误针。既看其喉，再观其舌∶有
胎无胎，或黄或白，或润或干，或灰或黑。又看两唇∶淡红淡白，红甚而焦，或紫且黑。视
表症之真假，审二便之通涩，闻口臭之微甚，察饮水之冷热，寒热自分，虚实迥别。大抵咽
喉病症，因风热者十之七，因火症者十之三，因寒症者百中不过偶有一二也。临症切宜详细
审辨，无非望闻问切。咽喉性命攸关，倘若潦草了事，贻误非浅。常见富贵人及妇人辈，懒
于下床，看喉者断不可曲从，恐其床上看不明白，看视既已不确，下药有何把握。最宜详慎
，不可忽略。此皆临症要诀，实属心法真传，如能遵守而行，无不神乎其技矣。其辨症治疗
，以及修治丹散诸法、并内外医药各方，悉详于后。是在临症者，视病之轻重缓急，酌量加
减用之，活法灵机，从心之巧妙也。
凡喉症初起，诊右寸脉浮紧，肺风也；两关浮数，胃火肝风也；左寸浮洪，心火也；右
寸迟沉，肺伏寒也；沉细者，肺伏热也；右尺洪大，三焦火旺也；右寸浮洪而有力者，肾虚
火也；红肿而脉浮者，风火也；脉细数而浮者，虚火也；脉沉实烂而不肿者，毒也；细缓者
，虚寒也；两关脉浮者，非结毒也。脉略如此，细诊详参，以类推之可也。
口内上 属胃阴，下 属脾阳。舌之中属心，舌四围属脾，舌根亦属心，小舌又名蒂丁
，属胃。喉之左右舌根属肝，牙根上属胃下属脾。舌苔白主寒，舌苔黄主热，焦则热甚，黑
则热极。凡舌苔不仅论色，尤当分别或润或燥。但润泽者非真热，焦燥者必无寒也。另有时
疫白喉一种，起病恶寒发热，切不可误认为表，及到喉中现出白点白块，尤不可误认为寒。
倘妄投麻、桂、羌、独，升散其毒，及犯参、 、姜、附，补助其毒，虽有仙丹，不可救矣
。凡患喉症，一切劳腥油腻及姜椒辛热发物，概当禁绝，至要至要。
人身的五脏六腑和十二经脉中，除了足太阳膀胱经之外，其余十一条经脉都内部循行经过咽喉，因此这些经络都可能发生病变，不仅仅是肺和胃。但是，由于有阴阳、表里、风湿、寒热、虚实、缓急、轻重等不同情况，如果不能掌握其传变规律，怎么能辨认清楚呢？临证观察咽喉的要诀，最重要的是手法要轻、眼神要快，千万不要粗心大意、心浮气躁。无论是富贵还是贫贱，无论老人小孩或男女，一定要让患者坐在明亮的地方，让人从背后扶住患者的背部，用手托住患者的头部。医生使用压舌板或竹片或竹筷按压舌根，以便观察咽喉内部左右、上下、内外的具体情况。有的红肿严重，有的疼痛严重，或者轻微发红、轻微肿胀、轻微疼痛；有的红肿疼痛严重但不肿胀（此处原文逻辑似有矛盾，依文意理解为：或红甚痛甚而不肿/或仅红肿等复杂情况）；有的不红不痛只肿胀；有的不红不肿且颜色发白但疼痛；有的有形，有的无形；有的发病急骤，顷刻间发作；有的从容缓慢，经过数日才起病；有的咽喉内外都红肿，有的头颈腮颊全部红肿；有的因为瘟疫导致大渴，有的感受风寒导致发热恶寒；有的已经化脓但不能迅速溃破，有的溃破后余肿不消；有的破烂，有的被误针。既看了咽喉，再观察舌头：看有无舌苔，舌苔是黄色还是白色，是湿润还是干燥，是灰色还是黑色。再看两唇：是淡红还是淡白，红得厉害而焦枯，或者是紫色并且发黑。通过观察表证的真假，审查大小便的通利与涩滞，闻口臭的轻重，察辨饮水的冷热，寒热自然分明，虚实截然不同。大抵咽喉病症，因风热引起的占十分之七，因火症引起的占十分之三，因寒症引起的百中不过偶尔有一二例罢了。临证切务必详细审辨，无非运用望、闻、问、切四诊。咽喉关乎性命，如果潦草了事，贻误病情非浅。常见富贵人和妇女，懒得下床，看喉者绝对不可曲从迁就，恐怕在床上看不明白，既然看视不准确，下药还有什么把握。最应该详细谨慎，不可忽略。这些都是临证要诀，实属心法真传，如果能遵守并实行，医术必将神乎其技。关于辨证治疗，以及修治丹药散剂的各种方法，还有内外医药各方，都详细记载在后面。这在于临证医生，根据病情的轻重缓急，酌情加减使用，灵活变通，随心所欲地巧妙运用。
凡是喉症初起，诊察右寸脉浮紧，是肺受风邪；两关脉浮数，是胃火肝风；左寸脉浮洪，是心火；右寸脉迟沉，是肺伏寒；脉象沉细的，是肺伏热；右尺脉洪大，是三焦火旺；右寸脉浮洪而有力的，是肾虚火；红肿而脉浮的，是风火；脉细数而浮的，是虚火；脉沉实烂而不肿的，是毒邪；脉细缓的，是虚寒；两关脉浮的，不是结毒。脉象大致如此，仔细诊察详细参详，以此类推即可。
口腔上部属胃阴，下部属脾阳。舌头的中部属心，舌头四周属脾，舌根也属心，小舌又名蒂丁，属胃。咽喉左右及舌根属肝，牙根上部属胃下部属脾。舌苔白主寒，舌苔黄主热，焦黑则热势极盛。凡舌苔不仅要看颜色，尤其应当分别它是湿润还是干燥。润泽的舌苔并非真热，焦燥的舌苔必定没有寒邪。另外有一种时疫白喉，起病时恶寒发热，切不可误认为是表证，等到喉中出现白点白块，更不可误认为是寒证。如果妄投麻黄、桂枝、羌活、独活等升散药物发散毒邪，以及犯人参、[缺字]、干姜、附子等补助药物助长毒邪，即使有仙丹，也不可救治了。凡是患喉症，一切劳累腥腻油腻以及姜椒辛热发物，一概应当禁绝，非常重要，非常重要。
Among the five zang organs, six fu organs, and twelve meridians of the human body, except for the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Foot-Taiyang Yangming), the remaining eleven meridians all internally circulate through the throat. Therefore, these meridians can all be affected by disease, not limited to the Lung and Stomach. However, due to differences in Yin-Yang, exterior-interior, wind-dampness, cold-heat, deficiency-excess, slack-tight, and severity, without mastering their transmission patterns, how can one distinguish them? The key to clinically examining the throat is to have light hands and quick eyes; one must never be careless or impetuous. Regardless of whether the patient is rich or poor, old or young, male or female, they must be seated in a bright place. An assistant should support the patient's back from behind and hold their head with one hand. The physician uses a tongue depressor, bamboo slice, or bamboo chopstick to press down the root of the tongue to observe the condition inside the throat—left, right, upper, lower, internal, and external. Conditions may include severe redness, severe swelling, severe pain, or mild redness, mild swelling, and mild pain. Some cases present with severe redness and pain but no swelling; some have no redness or pain but only swelling; some have no redness or swelling, are white in color, yet painful; some have visible forms, others invisible; some onset acutely within moments, while others develop slowly over several days. Swelling and redness may occur both inside and outside the throat, or extend to the head, neck, cheeks, and jaw. Causes may include epidemic diseases leading to extreme thirst, or contraction of wind-cold causing fever and aversion to cold. Pus may form but fail to rupture quickly, or residual swelling may persist after rupture. The throat may be ulcerated or damaged by incorrect acupuncture. After examining the throat, observe the tongue: check for the presence or absence of coating, its color (yellow or white), moisture (wet or dry), or shade (gray or black). Examine the lips: are they pale red or pale white? Is the redness severe with scorched edges, or purple and black? Assess the authenticity of exterior symptoms, examine the patency or obstruction of urination and defecation, smell the intensity of halitosis, and inquire about the temperature of water intake. Cold and heat will naturally become distinct, and deficiency and excess will clearly differ. Generally, seven out of ten throat diseases are caused by wind-heat, three out of ten by fire syndromes, and less than two out of a hundred by cold syndromes. Clinical examination must be detailed and thorough, employing observation, auscultation-olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. The throat is vital to life; negligence leads to grave consequences. It is common for wealthy individuals and women to be reluctant to get out of bed. Physicians must not indulge this, as viewing the throat from bed yields unclear results. If the examination is inaccurate, prescribing medication lacks assurance. One must be meticulous and cautious, never negligent. These are essential clinical principles, true transmissions of inner methods. Adherence to them ensures miraculous skill. Detailed descriptions of syndrome differentiation, treatment, preparation of pills and powders, and various internal and external medical prescriptions follow. Clinicians should adjust dosages based on the severity and urgency of the disease, applying flexible and ingenious strategies.
In the initial stage of throat diseases: if the Right-Cun pulse is floating and tight, it indicates Wind affecting the Lung; if both Guan pulses are floating and rapid, it indicates Stomach Fire and Liver Wind; if the Left-Cun pulse is floating and surging, it indicates Heart Fire; if the Right-Cun pulse is slow and deep, it indicates latent Cold in the Lung; if the pulse is deep and fine, it indicates latent Heat in the Lung; if the Right-Chi pulse is surging and large, it indicates Hyperactive Fire in the Sanjiao; if the Right-Cun pulse is floating, surging, and forceful, it indicates Deficiency Fire due to Kidney deficiency; if there is redness and swelling with a floating pulse, it indicates Wind-Fire; if the pulse is fine, rapid, and floating, it indicates Deficiency Fire; if the pulse is deep, solid, and rotten-like without swelling, it indicates Toxicity; if the pulse is fine and slack, it indicates Deficiency-Cold; if both Guan pulses are floating, it is not accumulated toxicity. Pulse presentations are roughly as described; careful diagnosis and detailed reference allow for analogical reasoning.
The upper part of the oral cavity belongs to Stomach Yin, and the lower part belongs to Spleen Yang. The center of the tongue belongs to the Heart; the four sides belong to the Spleen; the root of the tongue also belongs to the Heart. The uvula, also known as the "Di Ding," belongs to the Stomach. The left and right sides of the throat and the root of the tongue belong to the Liver. The upper part of the gum belongs to the Stomach, and the lower part belongs to the Spleen. A white tongue coating indicates Cold; yellow indicates Heat; scorched indicates severe Heat; black indicates extreme Heat. Tongue coatings should not only be judged by color but primarily by whether they are moist or dry. A moist coating does not necessarily indicate true Heat, while a scorched and dry coating definitely excludes Cold. Additionally, there is a specific epidemic disease called White Diphtheria (Bai Hou). It begins with aversion to cold and fever; it must not be mistaken for an exterior syndrome. When white spots or patches appear in the throat, it must not be mistaken for a cold syndrome. Prescribing ascending and dispersing herbs such as Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), and Saussureae Radix (Duhuo) to disperse toxicity, or using tonics like Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) to aid toxicity, will render even immortal elixirs ineffective. Patients with throat diseases must strictly avoid labor-inducing, fishy, greasy foods, as well as pungent and hot substances like Ginger Rhizome (Ganjiang) and Piperis Longi Fructus (Jiaoteng). This is of utmost importance.