平按∶此篇自篇首至末，见《灵枢》卷五第二十八《口问》篇。又自黄帝曰人之欠者何气使
然至末，见《甲乙经》卷十二第一，惟编次小异。
黄帝间居，避左右而问岐伯曰∶余以闻九针之经，论阴阳逆顺六经已毕，愿得口问。岐伯避
席再拜对曰∶善乎哉问也！此先师之所口传也。（间居，晏也。避，去也。六经，阴阳各有三阴
三阳之脉也。口传者，文传得粗，口传得妙，谓口决其理也。平按∶《灵枢》避左右作辟左右，以
闻作已闻，再拜下无对字。）黄帝曰∶愿闻口传。岐伯曰∶夫百病之始生也，皆生于风雨寒暑，
阴阳喜怒，食饮居处，大惊卒恐。（风雨寒暑居处，外邪也。阴阳喜怒饮食惊恐，内邪也。平按∶
愿闻袁刻作愿问。食饮《灵
枢》作饮食。）血气分离，（此内外邪生病所由，凡有五别。一，令血之与气不相合也。）阴阳
破散，（二，令脏腑阴阳分散也。）经络决绝，脉道不通，（三，令经脉及诸络脉不相通也。平
按∶《灵枢》决作厥。）阴阳相逆，卫气稽留，（四，令阴阳之气乖和，卫气不行。）经脉空虚，
血气不次，乃失其常，（五，令诸经诸络虚竭，营血卫气行无次第。平按∶《灵枢》空虚作虚空。）
论不在经者，请道其方。（如上所说论在经者，余已知之。有所生病不在经者，请言其法也。）
黄帝曰∶人之欠者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶卫气昼日行于阳，夜则行于阴。阴者主夜，夜者主卧。
阳者主上，阴者主下。故阴气积于下，阳气未尽，阳引而上，阴引而下，阴阳相引，故数欠。阳
气尽而阴气盛，则目瞑；阴气尽而阳气盛，则寤矣。（阳气主昼在上，阴气主夜在下。阴气尽，
阳气盛，则寤；阳气尽，阴气盛，则瞑。今阳气未尽，故引阴而上，阴气已起，则引阳而下，阴
阳相引上下，故数欠也。平按∶《甲乙》昼下无日字，夜则行于阴，无则字。《灵枢》夜下有半
字。又《甲乙》阳引作阳气，阴引作阴行，则寤下有肾主欠三字。）泻足少阴，补足太阳。（泻于
肾脉足少阴实，补于膀胱脉足太阳虚，令阴阳气和，故欠愈也。有本作足太阴。）黄帝曰∶人之
哕者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶谷入于胃，胃气上注于肺，今有故寒气与新谷气俱还入于胃，新故相
乱，真邪相攻并相逆，复于胃，故为哕。（谷入胃已，清气上注于肺，浊气下留于胃，有故寒气
与新谷气俱入于胃，新故真邪在于胃中相攻相逆，复从胃出，故为之哕。平按∶并相逆，《灵枢》
并上有气字，《甲乙》无并字。复于胃，《灵枢》、《甲乙》复下有出字。）补手太阴，泻足少
阴。（宜补肺脉手太阴，泻肾脉足少阴。以足少阴主寒，故须泻之，手太阴主气，故先补之。平
按∶《甲
乙》补上有肺主哕三字，足少阴作足太阴，下有“亦可以草刺其鼻，嚏而已；无息而疾引之，立已；
大惊之，亦可已”二十四字。）黄帝曰∶人之唏者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶此阴气盛而阳气虚，阴
气疾而阳气徐，阴气盛，阳气绝，故为唏。（唏，火几反，笑也。阴气盛而行疾，阳气虚而行徐，
是以阳气绝为唏也。）补足太阳，泻足少阴。（以腑膀胱太阳气绝，故须补之。肾脏少阴气盛，
故须泻之。）黄帝曰∶人之振寒者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶寒气客于皮肤，阴气盛，阳气虚，故振
寒寒 。补诸阳。（以阳虚阴盛，阳虚故皮肤虚，阴盛故寒客皮肤，故振寒寒 ，宜补三阳之脉。）
黄帝曰∶人之噫者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶寒气客于胃，厥逆从下上散，复出于胃，故为噫。（寒
气先客于胃，厥而逆上消散，复从胃中出，故为噫。）补足太阴、阳明，一曰补眉本。（脾胃腑
脏皆虚，故补斯二脉。眉本是眉端攒竹穴，足太阳脉气所发也。）黄帝曰∶人之嚏者，何气使然？
岐伯曰∶阳气和利，满于心，出于鼻，故为嚏。（阳之和气利，满于心中，上冲出于鼻，故为嚏
也。）补足太阳荣、眉本，一曰眉上。（阳虚而利，故补阳脉。太阳起鼻上两箱，发于攒竹。太
阳荣在通谷，足趾外侧本节前陷中。）黄帝曰∶人之掸者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶胃不实则诸脉虚，
诸脉虚则筋肉懈惰，筋肉懈惰，行阴用力，气不能复，故为掸。（胃气不实，谷气少也。谷气既
少，脉及筋肉并虚懈惰，因此行阴。行阴，入房也。此又入房用力，气不得复，四肢缓纵，故名
为掸。掸，云干反，牵引也，谓身体懈惰，牵引不收也。平
按∶掸《灵枢》作 ，音妥，下垂也，《甲乙》作 ，乃 字之讹。袁刻诸脉虚下脱诸脉虚三字，
注谷气少误作谷少气。）补分肉间。（筋脉皆虚，故取病所在分肉间补之。）黄帝曰∶人之哀而
涕泣者，何气使然？（涕泣多，目无所见，何气使然也？）岐伯曰∶心者，五脏六腑之主也。（涕
泣出之所以有三，心者神用，脏腑之主，一也。）目者，宗脉之所聚，上液之道也。（手足六阳及
手少阴、足厥阴等诸脉凑目，故曰宗脉所聚。大小便为下液之道，涕泣以为上液之道，二也。平
按∶注以为上液之道，袁刻脱以字。）口鼻者，气之门户也。（目者，惟是液之道也；口鼻二窍气
液之道，三也。）故悲哀愁忧则心动，心动则五脏六腑皆摇，摇则宗脉盛，宗脉盛则液道开，液
道开故涕泣出焉。（有物相盛，遂即心动；以其心动，即心脏及余四脏并六腑亦皆摇动；脏腑既
动，脏腑之脉皆动；脏腑宗脉摇动，则目鼻液道并开；以液道开，故涕泣出也。平按∶宗脉盛《灵
枢》、《甲乙》盛作感。又注有物相盛，盛疑系感字传写之误。）液者，所以灌精而濡空窍者也，
故上液之道开，泣出不止则液竭，液竭则精不灌，精不灌则目无所见矣，故命曰夺精。（五谷液
以灌目，五谷之精润于七窍；今但从目鼻而出不止，则竭也。诸精不得其液，则目眼无精，故目
无所见，以夺精也。平按∶泣出不止《灵枢》、《甲乙》作“则泣，泣不止”。）补天柱经侠项。
（天柱经，足太阳也。天柱侠项后发际大筋外廉陷中，足太阳脉气所发，故补之。平按∶项《灵
枢》、《甲乙》作颈。《甲乙》颈下有“侠颈者，头中分也”七字，本书在后。）黄帝曰∶人之
太息者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶忧思则心系急，心系急则气道约，气道约则不利，故
太息以申出。（忧思劳神，故心系急。心系连肺，其脉上迫肺系，肺系为喉通气之道，
既其被迫，故气道约不得通也，故太息取气以申出之。平按∶申《灵枢》、《甲乙》作
伸。）补手少阴、心主、足少阳留之。（手少阴、手心主二经皆是心经，足少阳胆经，
以心系急引于肝胆，故二阴一阳并须留针以缓。）黄帝曰∶人之涎下者，何气使然？岐
伯曰∶饮食者皆入于胃，胃中有热，热则虫动，虫动则胃缓，胃缓则廉泉开，故涎下。
（虫者，谷虫在于胃中也。廉泉，舌下孔，通涎道也。人神守，则其道不开；若为好味
所感，神者失守，则其孔开涎出也。亦因胃热虫动，故廉泉开，涎因出也。平按∶涎
《甲乙》作HT 。）补足少阴。（肾足少阴脉，上挟舌本，主于津涎，今虚故涎下是也。）
黄帝曰∶人之耳中鸣者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶耳者宗脉之所聚也，故胃中空则宗脉虚，
虚则下，溜脉有所竭者，故耳鸣。（人耳有手足少阳太阳及手阳明等五络脉皆入耳中，
故曰宗脉所聚也。溜脉，入耳之脉溜行之者也。有竭不通，虚故耳鸣也。）补客主人、
手大指爪甲上与肉交者。（手阳明入耳，过客主人也。手大指爪甲上手太阴脉，是手阳
明之里，此阴阳皆虚，所以耳鸣，故并补之。平按∶《甲乙》无爪字。）黄帝曰∶人之
自啮舌者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶此厥逆走上脉气辈至也，（辈，类也。厥逆之气上走于
头，故上头类脉所至之处，即自啮舌也。平按∶《甲乙》 作啮，辈作皆。）少阴气至
则啮舌，少阳气至则啮颊，阳明气至则啮唇矣。视主病者则补之。（肾足少阴脉厥逆
至于舌下，则便啮舌。手足少阳脉厥逆行至于颊，即便啮颊。手足阳明厥逆行至于唇，
即便啮唇。此辈诸脉以虚厥逆，故视其所病之脉补也。）凡此十二邪者，皆奇邪之走空
窍者也。故邪之所在，皆为之不足。（此十二邪皆令人虚，故曰奇邪。空
窍，谓是输窍者也。此之邪气所至之处，损于正气，故令人不足为病也。平按∶《甲乙》
十二作十四。）故上气不足，脑为之不满，耳为之善鸣，头为之倾，目为之瞑；（头为
上也。邪气至头，耳鸣，头不能正，目暗者也。平按∶《灵枢》善鸣作苦鸣，倾上有苦
字，瞑作眩。）中气不足，溲便为之变，肠为之喜鸣；（肠及膀胱为中也。邪至于中，
则大小便色皆变于常，及肠鸣也。平按∶喜《灵枢》作苦，《甲乙》作善，袁刻亦作善。）
下气不足，则为痿厥足闷，补足外踝下留之。（邪气至足，则足痿厥掸缓，其足又闷，
可补之外踝之下。一本，刺足大趾间上二寸留之。平按∶《灵枢》为上有乃字，足闷作
心，《甲乙》作心闷，急下有刺足大趾上二寸留之，本书在后。）黄帝曰∶治之奈何？
岐伯曰∶肾主为欠，取足少阴。肺主为哕，取手太阴、足少阴。唏者，阴与阳绝，故补
足太阳，泻足少阴。振寒，补诸阳。噫，补足太阴、阳明。嚏，补足太阳、眉本。掸，
因其所在，补分肉间。泣出，补天柱经侠项，侠项者，头中分也。（平按∶《灵枢》
项作颈。）太息，补手少阴、心主、足少阳留之。涎下，补足少阴。耳鸣，补客主人、
手大指爪甲上与肉交者。自啮颊，（平按∶《灵枢》颊作舌。）视主病者则补之。目瞑
项强，足外踝下留之。痿厥足闷，刺足大趾间上二寸留之，一曰足外踝下留之。（以下
委言疗方。与阳者，阴盛不绝不可泻，不得言与，可为盛也。头中分者，取宗脉所行
头中之分。掸、痿厥同为一病，名字有异，此文信之也。平按∶目瞑项强《灵枢》作目
眩头倾，足上有补字，足闷作心 。）
【平按】：本篇从开头到结尾，见于《灵枢》卷五第二十八篇《口问》。另外从“黄帝曰：人打哈欠是什么原因”到结尾，见于《甲乙经》卷十二第一卷，只是编排顺序略有不同。
黄帝闲暇独居时，避开侍从左右，向岐伯问道：“我已经听完了关于九针的经典论述，了解了阴阳逆顺及六经的内容，现在希望能听听关于‘口问’（通过口部症状询问病因）的知识。”岐伯离开座位，拜了两下回答说：“问得好啊！这是先师口头传授的秘诀。（注：间居，指闲居；避，指避开；六经，指阴阳各有三阴三阳经脉；口传，指文字记载只能得到大概，口头传授才能得到精妙，即口授其道理。）【平按】：《灵枢》中‘避左右’作‘辟左右’，‘以闻’作‘已闻’，‘再拜’后无‘对’字。”
黄帝说：“希望听听这口传的秘诀。”岐伯说：“各种疾病的发生，都源于风雨寒暑、阴阳失调与喜怒情绪、饮食起居不当，以及大惊大恐。（注：风雨寒暑和起居不当属于外邪；阴阳失调、喜怒、饮食、惊恐属于内邪。）【平按】：愿闻，袁刻本作愿问。食饮，《灵枢》作饮食。）导致血气分离，（这是内外邪致病的原因，共有五种区别。一，使血与气不相融合。）阴阳破散，（二，使脏腑阴阳分散。）经络决绝，脉道不通，（三，使经脉及诸络脉不相通。【平按】：《灵枢》‘决’作‘厥’。）阴阳相逆，卫气稽留，（四，使阴阳之气乖违不和，卫气不行。）经脉空虚，血气运行失去次序，从而失去常态，（五，使诸经诸络虚竭，营血卫气运行无次序。【平按】：《灵枢》‘空虚’作‘虚空’。）那些不在经典理论中论述的病症，请允许我说明其治疗方法。（如上所述在经典中的论述，我已经知道了。对于生病但不在经典论述范围内的，请让我说明其方法。）
黄帝说：“人打哈欠，是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“卫气白天行于阳分，夜晚则行于阴分。阴分主夜间，夜间主睡眠。阳分主上，阴分主下。所以阴气积聚在下部，阳气未尽，阳气牵引向上，阴气牵引向下，阴阳相互牵引，所以频繁打哈欠。当阳气耗尽而阴气旺盛时，眼睛就闭合（入睡）；当阴气耗尽而阳气旺盛时，人就醒来了。（注：阳气主昼在上，阴气主夜在下。阴气尽，阳气盛，则醒；阳气尽，阴气盛，则睡。现在阳气未尽，所以牵引阴气向上，阴气已起，所以牵引阳气向下，阴阳相互牵引上下，所以频繁打哈欠。【平按】：《甲乙》‘昼’下无‘日’字，‘夜则行于阴’无‘则’字。《灵枢》‘夜’下有‘半’字。又《甲乙》‘阳引’作‘阳气’，‘阴引’作‘阴行’，‘则寤’下有‘肾主欠’三字。）治疗应泻足少阴经，补足太阳经。（泻足少阴肾脉之实，补足太阳膀胱脉之虚，使阴阳之气调和，所以哈欠痊愈。有版本作足太阴。）
黄帝说：“人呃逆（哕），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“食物进入胃中，胃气上注于肺，现在如果有旧的寒气与新进入的食物之气一起返回胃中，新气与旧气相乱，真气与邪气相攻并相互逆乱，反冲于胃，所以发生呃逆。（注：食物入胃后，清气上注于肺，浊气下留于胃。若有旧寒气与新谷气俱入于胃，新旧真邪在胃中相攻相逆，复从胃出，所以为之呃逆。【平按】：并相逆，《灵枢】并上有‘气’字，《甲乙》无‘并’字。复于胃，《灵枢》、《甲乙】复下有‘出’字。）治疗应补手太阴经，泻足少阴经。（宜补肺脉手太阴，泻肾脉足少阴。因为足少阴主寒，所以需要泻它；手太阴主气，所以先补它。【平按】：《甲乙】补上有‘肺主哕’三字，足少阴作足太阴，下有‘亦可以草刺其鼻，嚏而已；无息而疾引之，立已；大惊之，亦可已’二十四字。）
黄帝说：“人抽泣（唏），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“这是因为阴气盛而阳气虚，阴气运行急而阳气运行缓，阴气盛，阳气绝，所以发生抽泣。（注：唏，音火几反，笑也。阴气盛而行疾，阳气虚而行徐，是以阳气绝为唏也。）治疗应补足太阳经，泻足少阴经。（因为膀胱太阳腑气绝，所以需要补它。肾脏少阴气盛，所以需要泻它。）
黄帝说：“人战栗发冷（振寒），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“寒气客居于皮肤，阴气盛，阳气虚，所以战栗发冷。治疗应补诸阳经。（因为阳虚阴盛，阳虚故皮肤虚，阴盛故寒客皮肤，所以战栗发冷，宜补三阳之脉。）
黄帝说：“人嗳气（噫），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“寒气客居于胃，厥逆之气从下向上散发，再出于胃，所以发生嗳气。（注：寒气先客于胃，厥而逆上消散，复从胃中出，所以为噫。）治疗应补足太阴、阳明经，一说补眉本穴。（脾胃脏腑皆虚，所以补这两条经脉。眉本是眉端攒竹穴，是足太阳脉气所发的地方。）
黄帝说：“人打喷嚏（嚏），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“阳气和谐流利，充满于心，出于鼻，所以发生喷嚏。（注：阳之和气利，满于心中，上冲出于鼻，所以为嚏也。）治疗应补足太阳经的荣穴和眉本穴，一说补眉上部位。（阳虚而利，所以补阳脉。太阳经起于鼻旁两侧，发于攒竹。太阳荣穴在通谷，位于足趾外侧本节前陷中。）
黄帝说：“人身体懈怠无力（掸），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“胃气不实则诸脉虚，诸脉虚则筋肉懈惰，筋肉懈惰，如果进行房事用力，气不能恢复，所以发生身体懈怠。（注：胃气不实，谷气少也。谷气既少，脉及筋肉并虚懈惰，因此行阴。行阴，入房也。此又入房用力，气不得复，四肢缓纵，故名为掸。掸，云干反，牵引也，谓身体懈惰，牵引不收也。【平按】：掸，《灵枢】作‘𢻮’，音妥，下垂也，《甲乙】作‘𢻮’，乃‘𢻮’字之讹。袁刻‘诸脉虚’下脱‘诸脉虚’三字，注‘谷气少’误作‘谷少气’。）治疗应补分肉间。（筋脉皆虚，所以取病所在的分肉间补之。）
黄帝说：“人悲哀哭泣流泪，是什么气导致的？（注：涕泣多，目无所见，何气使然也？）”岐伯说：“心，是五脏六腑的主宰。（注：涕泣出之所以有三，心者神用，脏腑之主，一也。）眼睛，是宗脉汇聚的地方，也是上液通行的通道。（注：手足六阳及手少阴、足厥阴等诸脉凑目，故曰宗脉所聚。大小便为下液之道，涕泣以为上液之道，二也。【平按】：注‘以为上液之道’，袁刻脱‘以’字。）口鼻，是气的门户。（注：目者，惟是液之道也；口鼻二窍气液之道，三也。）所以悲哀愁忧则心动，心动则五脏六腑皆摇动，摇动则宗脉盛，宗脉盛则液道开，液道开所以涕泣流出。（注：有物相盛，遂即心动；以其心动，即心脏及余四脏并六腑亦皆摇动；脏腑既动，脏腑之脉皆动；脏腑宗脉摇动，则目鼻液道并开；以液道开，故涕泣出也。【平按】：宗脉盛，《灵枢】、《甲乙】盛作‘感’。又注‘有物相盛’，盛疑系‘感’字传写之误。）津液，是用来灌注精气并濡润空窍的，所以上液之道开，哭泣不止则津液枯竭，津液枯竭则精气不灌注，精气不灌注则眼睛看不见东西了，所以命名为夺精。（注：五谷液以灌目，五谷之精润于七窍；今但从目鼻而出不止，则竭也。诸精不得其液，则目眼无精，故目无所见，以夺精也。【平按】：泣出不止，《灵枢】、《甲乙】作‘则泣，泣不止’。）治疗应补天柱经侠项部位。（天柱经，即足太阳经。天柱在项后发际大筋外廉陷中，是足太阳脉气所发，所以补它。【平按】：项，《灵枢】、《甲乙】作‘颈’。《甲乙】颈下有‘侠颈者，头中分也’七字，本书在后。）
黄帝说：“人长叹息（太息），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“忧思则心系急，心系急则气道约束，气道约束则不利，所以长叹息以舒展气息。（注：忧思劳神，故心系急。心系连肺，其脉上迫肺系，肺系为喉通气之道，既其被迫，故气道约不得通也，故太息取气以申出之。【平按】：申，《灵枢】、《甲乙】作‘伸’。）治疗应补手少阴经、心包经（心主），并在足少阳经留针。（手少阴、手心主二经皆是心经，足少阳胆经，因为心系急引于肝胆，所以二阴一阳并须留针以缓解。）
黄帝说：“人流涎（涎下），是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“饮食都进入胃中，胃中有热，热则虫动，虫动则胃缓，胃缓则廉泉穴开，所以流涎。（注：虫者，谷虫在于胃中也。廉泉，舌下孔，通涎道也。人神守，则其道不开；若为好味所感，神者失守，则其孔开涎出也。亦因胃热虫动，故廉泉开，涎因出也。【平按】：涎，《甲乙】作‘HT’。）治疗应补足少阴经。（肾足少阴脉，上挟舌本，主于津涎，现在虚所以流涎。）
黄帝说：“人耳朵鸣响，是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“耳朵是宗脉汇聚的地方，所以胃中空虚则宗脉虚，虚则下陷，溜行的脉有所竭，所以耳鸣。（注：人耳有手足少阳太阳及手阳明等五络脉皆入耳中，故曰宗脉所聚也。溜脉，入耳之脉溜行之者也。有竭不通，虚故耳鸣也。）治疗应补客主人穴、手大指爪甲上与肉交之处。（手阳明经入耳，过客主人穴。手大指爪甲上手太阴脉，是手阳明之里，此阴阳皆虚，所以耳鸣，所以并补之。【平按】：《甲乙】无‘爪’字。）
黄帝说：“人自己咬舌头，是什么气导致的？”岐伯说：“这是因为厥逆之气走上，脉气辈至（类聚而至）。（注：辈，类也。厥逆之气上走于头，故上头类脉所至之处，即自啮舌也。【平按】：《甲乙】‘𠯑’作‘啮’，‘辈’作‘皆’。）少阴气至则咬舌，少阳气至则咬颊，阳明气至则咬唇。观察主要病变的经脉则补之。（肾足少阴脉厥逆至于舌下，则便咬舌。手足少阳脉厥逆行至于颊，即便咬颊。手足阳明厥逆行至于唇，即便咬唇。这些经脉因虚而厥逆，所以视其所病之脉补之。）
凡是这十二种邪气，都是奇邪侵入空窍所致。所以邪气所在的部位，都是因为正气不足。（注：此十二邪皆令人虚，故曰奇邪。空窍，谓是输窍者也。此之邪气所至之处，损于正气，故令人不足为病也。【平按】：《甲乙】十二作十四。）所以上气不足，脑就会不满，耳朵容易鸣响，头会倾斜，眼睛会昏暗；（注：头为上也。邪气至头，耳鸣，头不能正，目暗者也。【平按】：《灵枢】善鸣作苦鸣，倾上有苦字，瞑作眩。）中气不足，大小便就会异常，肠鸣；（注：肠及膀胱为中也。邪至于中，则大小便色皆变于常，及肠鸣也。【平按】：喜，《灵枢】作苦，《甲乙】作善，袁刻亦作善。）下气不足，就会发生痿证、厥逆、脚闷，治疗应补足外踝下并留针。（注：邪气至足，则足痿厥掸缓，其足又闷，可补之外踝之下。一本，刺足大趾间上二寸留之。【平按】：《灵枢】为上有‘乃’字，足闷作‘心’，《甲乙】作‘心闷’，急下有‘刺足大趾上二寸留之’，本书在后。）
黄帝说：“如何治疗？”岐伯说：“肾主为哈欠，取足少阴经。肺主为呃逆，取手太阴、足少阴经。抽泣者，阴与阳绝，故补足太阳，泻足少阴。战寒，补诸阳。嗳气，补足太阴、阳明。喷嚏，补足太阳、眉本。懈怠，因其所在，补分肉间。流泪，补天柱经侠项，侠项者，头中分也。（【平按】：《灵枢】项作‘颈’。）长叹息，补手少阴、心主、足少阳留针。流涎，补足少阴。耳鸣，补客主人、手大指爪甲上与肉交处。自咬脸颊，（【平按】：《灵枢】颊作‘舌’。）视主病者则补之。目眩项强，补足外踝下留针。痿厥足闷，刺足大趾间上二寸留针，一说补足外踝下留针。（以下委言疗方。与阳者，阴盛不绝不可泻，不得言与，可为盛也。头中分者，取宗脉所行头中之分。掸、痿厥同为一病，名字有异，此文信之也。【平按】：目瞑项强，《灵枢】作‘目眩头倾’，足上有‘补’字，足闷作‘心𢻮’。）
[Ping An]: This chapter, from the beginning to the end, is found in *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot), Volume 5, Chapter 28, "Kou Wen" (Questions of the Mouth). Additionally, from "Huang Di said: What qi causes a person to yawn?" to the end, it is found in *Jia Yi Jing* (The Classic of A-Bio Points), Volume 12, Chapter 1, with only slight differences in arrangement.
When Huang Di was resting in leisure, he dismissed his attendants and asked Qi Bo: "I have heard the classics on Nine Needles, having completed the discussion on Yin-Yang, reversals and順sequences, and the Six Meridians. I now wish to hear about 'Kou Wen' (inquiries based on oral symptoms)." Qi Bo stepped down from his mat, bowed twice, and replied: "What an excellent question! This is the secret orally transmitted by our former masters. (Note: Jian ju means resting in leisure; bi means to dismiss; Liu Jing refers to the three Yin and three Yang meridians of both Yin and Yang; Kou chuan means that written texts provide only the general outline, while oral transmission conveys the subtleties, i.e., explaining the principles verbally.) [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'bi zuo you' is written as 'pi zuo you', 'yi wen' as 'yi wen', and there is no 'dui' character after 'zai bai'."
Huang Di said: "I wish to hear this oral transmission." Qi Bo said: "The onset of all diseases arises from wind, rain, cold, and heat; imbalances in Yin-Yang and emotions such as joy and anger; improper diet, drinking, and living habits; and sudden fright or terror. (Note: Wind, rain, cold, heat, and improper living habits are external pathogens; imbalances in Yin-Yang, emotions, diet, and fright/terror are internal pathogens.) [Ping An]: Yuan edition writes 'yuan wen' as 'yuan wen'. Shi yin in *Ling Shu* is written as 'yin shi'.) This leads to the separation of Blood and Qi, (This is the cause of disease from internal and external pathogens, having five distinctions. One, causing Blood and Qi to not merge.) the disintegration of Yin and Yang, (Two, causing the Yin and Yang of Zang-Fu organs to scatter.) the severance of Collaterals and Meridians, and the blockage of Pulse pathways, (Three, causing the Main Meridians and various Luo Collaterals to be disconnected. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'jue' is written as 'jue'.) the reversal of Yin and Yang, and the stagnation of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), (Four, causing the Qi of Yin and Yang to be discordant and Wei Qi to fail to circulate.) the emptiness of Meridians, and the disorderly flow of Blood and Qi, thereby losing their normal state, (Five, causing the exhaustion of all Meridians and Collaterals, and the irregular circulation of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei Qi. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'kong xu' is written as 'xu kong'.) For those discussions not covered in the classics, please allow me to explain their treatment methods. (As mentioned above regarding what is in the classics, I already know it. For illnesses not discussed in the classics, please let me explain their methods.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes a person to yawn?" Qi Bo said: "Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) travels through the Yang aspects during the day and through the Yin aspects at night. Yin governs the night, and the night governs sleep. Yang governs the upper part, and Yin governs the lower part. Therefore, when Yin Qi accumulates in the lower part and Yang Qi has not yet exhausted, Yang pulls upward and Yin pulls downward. The mutual pulling of Yin and Yang results in frequent yawning. When Yang Qi exhausts and Yin Qi becomes abundant, the eyes close (sleep); when Yin Qi exhausts and Yang Qi becomes abundant, one awakens. (Note: Yang Qi governs the day and is upper; Yin Qi governs the night and is lower. When Yin exhausts and Yang is abundant, one wakes; when Yang exhausts and Yin is abundant, one sleeps. Now, since Yang Qi is not yet exhausted, it pulls Yin upward; since Yin Qi has risen, it pulls Yang downward. The mutual pulling of Yin and Yang up and down causes frequent yawning. [Ping An]: In *Jia Yi*, there is no 'ri' character after 'zhou', and no 'ze' character in 'ye ze xing yu yin'. In *Ling Shu*, there is a 'ban' character after 'ye'. Also, in *Jia Yi*, 'yang yin' is written as 'yang qi', 'yin yin' as 'yin xing', and there are three characters 'shen zhu qian' after 'ze wu'.) Treatment should involve reducing the Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian and supplementing the Foot Taiyang (Bladder) meridian. (Reduce the excess in the Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian and tonify the deficiency in the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian to harmonize Yin and Yang Qi, thus curing the yawning. Some versions read Foot Taiyin.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes hiccups (yue)?" Qi Bo said: "Food enters the Stomach, and Stomach Qi ascends to the Lung. However, if old Cold Qi and new Grain Qi enter the Stomach together, the new and old mix chaotically, the True Qi and Pathogenic Qi attack each other and reverse, rebounding in the Stomach, thus causing hiccups. (Note: After food enters the Stomach, clear Qi ascends to the Lung, and turbid Qi remains below in the Stomach. If old Cold Qi and new Grain Qi enter together, the new and old True and Pathogenic factors attack and reverse in the Stomach, then exit from the Stomach, thus causing hiccups. [Ping An]: In 'bing xiang ni', *Ling Shu* adds 'qi' before 'bing', while *Jia Yi* omits 'bing'. In 'fu yu wei', *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi* add 'chu' after 'fu'.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Hand Taiyin (Lung) meridian and reducing the Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian. (It is appropriate to tonify the Lung meridian Hand Taiyin and reduce the Kidney meridian Foot Shaoyin. Since Foot Shaoyin governs Cold, it must be reduced; Hand Taiyin governs Qi, so it is supplemented first. [Ping An]: *Jia Yi* adds 'fei zhu yue' before 'bu', changes 'foot shaoyin' to 'foot taiyin', and adds twenty-four characters: 'One can also prick the nose with grass until sneezing occurs; hold breath and pull quickly, and it stops immediately; shocking the patient greatly can also cure it.')
Huang Di said: "What qi causes sobbing (xi)?" Qi Bo said: "This is due to abundant Yin Qi and deficient Yang Qi, where Yin Qi moves rapidly and Yang Qi moves slowly. With abundant Yin Qi and exhausted Yang Qi, sobbing occurs. (Note: Xi sounds like 'huo ji fan', meaning laugh. Abundant Yin Qi moves rapidly, deficient Yang Qi moves slowly, hence exhausted Yang Qi causes sobbing.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Foot Taiyang (Bladder) meridian and reducing the Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian. (Since the Bladder Taiyang Fu organ's Qi is exhausted, it must be supplemented. Since the Kidney Shaoyin Qi is abundant, it must be reduced.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes shivering and coldness (zhen han)?" Qi Bo said: "Cold Qi lodges in the skin, Yin Qi is abundant, and Yang Qi is deficient, thus causing shivering and coldness. Treatment should involve supplementing all Yang meridians. (Because Yang is deficient and Yin is abundant, Yang deficiency makes the skin vulnerable, and Yin abundance allows Cold to lodge in the skin, causing shivering and coldness; thus, the Three Yang meridians should be supplemented.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes belching (yi)?" Qi Bo said: "Cold Qi lodges in the Stomach, Jue Ni (Rebellious Qi) rises from below and scatters, then re-emerges from the Stomach, thus causing belching. (Note: Cold Qi first lodges in the Stomach, becomes rebellious and rises upward to dissipate, then re-emerges from the Stomach, thus causing belching.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Foot Taiyin (Spleen) and Foot Yangming (Stomach) meridians, or alternatively, supplementing the Meiben point. (The Spleen and Stomach Zang-Fu organs are both deficient, so these two meridians are supplemented. Meiben is the Cuanzhu point at the inner end of the eyebrow, where the Foot Taiyang meridian Qi emerges.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes sneezing (ti)?" Qi Bo said: "When Yang Qi is harmonious and smooth, filling the Heart and emerging from the Nose, sneezing occurs. (Note: Harmonious and smooth Yang Qi fills the Heart, rushes upward, and emerges from the Nose, thus causing sneezing.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Ying (Spring) point of the Foot Taiyang meridian and the Meiben point, or alternatively, the area above the eyebrows. (Yang is deficient but smooth, so the Yang meridian is supplemented. The Taiyang meridian begins beside the nose and emerges at Cuanzhu. The Taiyang Ying point is at Tonggu, located in the depression proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint on the lateral side of the foot.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes physical laxity and weakness (dan)?" Qi Bo said: "If Stomach Qi is not solid, the pulses become deficient; if the pulses are deficient, muscles and sinews become flaccid and lazy. If one exerts effort in sexual intercourse while muscles and sinews are flaccid, Qi cannot recover, thus causing physical laxity. (Note: Stomach Qi is not solid, meaning Grain Qi is scarce. Since Grain Qi is scarce, the pulses and muscles/sinews become deficient and flaccid. Therefore, engaging in sexual activity (xing yin) occurs. Engaging in sexual activity with exertion prevents Qi recovery, leading to flaccidity of the four limbs, hence named Dan. Dan, pronounced 'yun gan fan', means traction/pulling, referring to body laxity and inability to retract. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, Dan is written as '𢻮', pronounced 'tuo', meaning drooping. In *Jia Yi*, it is written as '𢻮', which is a corruption of '𢻮'. The Yuan edition omits 'zhu mai xu' three times after 'zhu mai xu', and the note 'gu qi shao' is mistakenly written as 'gu shao qi'.) Treatment should involve supplementing the space between the muscles. (Since sinews and pulses are deficient, the affected intermuscular spaces are supplemented.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes weeping and tearing due to sorrow? (Note: Excessive tearing and crying lead to loss of vision; what qi causes this?)" Qi Bo said: "The Heart is the master of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs. (Note: There are three reasons for tearing/crying. The Heart governs Spirit use and is the master of Zang-Fu, which is one. ) The Eyes are the gathering place of the Zong Mai (Major Meridians) and the pathway for Upper Fluids. (Note: The six Yang meridians of Hand and Foot, along with Hand Shaoyin and Foot Jueyin, converge at the eyes, hence called the gathering of Zong Mai. Urination and defecation are the pathways for Lower Fluids, while tearing and crying are the pathways for Upper Fluids, which is two. [Ping An]: The note 'yi wei shang ye zhi dao' in the Yuan edition omits the character 'yi'.) The Mouth and Nose are the portals of Qi. (Note: The Eyes are solely a pathway for fluids; the Mouth and Nose are pathways for both Qi and fluids, which is three.) Therefore, sorrow, grief, and worry move the Heart; when the Heart moves, the Five Zang and Six Fu organs all tremble; when they tremble, the Zong Mai become abundant; when Zong Mai are abundant, the fluid pathways open; when fluid pathways open, tears and saliva flow out. (Note: When something becomes abundant, the Heart moves; because the Heart moves, the Heart and the other four Zang organs plus the Six Fu organs all tremble; once Zang-Fu tremble, their meridians all move; when the Zong Mai of Zang-Fu tremble, the fluid pathways of the Eyes and Nose open; because fluid pathways open, tears and saliva flow out. [Ping An]: In 'zong mai sheng', *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi* write 'sheng' as 'gan'. Also, in the note 'you wu xiang sheng', 'sheng' is suspected to be a transcription error for 'gan'.) Body Fluids are used to nourish Essence and moisten the empty orifices. Therefore, when the Upper Fluid pathway opens and crying does not stop, Body Fluids are depleted; when Body Fluids are depleted, Essence is not nourished; when Essence is not nourished, the eyes lose vision, hence it is called 'Duo Jing' (Depletion of Essence). (Note: Grain fluids nourish the eyes, and Grain Essence moistens the seven orifices; now, if they continuously exit from the Eyes and Nose, they are depleted. Without Body Fluids, Essence is lost, so the eyes have no Essence and cannot see, hence Depletion of Essence. [Ping An]: In 'qi chu bu zhi', *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi* write 'ze qi, qi bu zhi'.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Tian Zhu Jing (Heavenly Pillar Meridian) alongside the Neck. (Tian Zhu Jing refers to the Foot Taiyang meridian. Tian Zhu is located in the depression lateral to the large tendon behind the neck at the hairline, where Foot Taiyang meridian Qi emerges, so it is supplemented. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi*, 'xiang' is written as 'jing'. *Jia Yi* adds seven characters after 'jing': 'xia jing zhe, tou zhong fen ye'. This book places them later.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes deep sighing (tai xi)?" Qi Bo said: "Worry and thought tighten the Xin Xi (Heart Connection); when the Heart Connection is tight, the Qi pathway is constrained; when the Qi pathway is constrained, it is obstructed, thus causing deep sighing to extend the Qi. (Note: Worry and thought labor the Spirit, causing the Heart Connection to tighten. The Heart Connection links to the Lung, its meridian presses upon the Lung system, which is the passage for Qi in the throat. Since it is pressed, the Qi pathway is constrained and cannot pass, thus sighing deeply to extend the Qi. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi*, 'shen' is written as 'shen'.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Hand Shaoyin (Heart) and Xin Zhu (Pericardium) meridians, and retaining the needle in the Foot Shaoyang (Gallbladder) meridian. (Hand Shaoyin and Hand Jueyin Xin Zhu are both Heart meridians. Foot Shaoyang is the Gallbladder meridian. Because the tight Heart Connection draws upon the Liver and Gallbladder, both Yin meridians and one Yang meridian require needle retention to relieve tension.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes drooling (xian xia)?" Qi Bo said: "Food and drink enter the Stomach. If there is Heat in the Stomach, Heat causes worms to move; when worms move, the Stomach relaxes; when the Stomach relaxes, the Lian Quan point opens, thus causing drooling. (Note: Worms refer to grain worms in the Stomach. Lian Quan is the aperture under the tongue, connecting the salivary pathway. If the Spirit is guarded, the pathway does not open; if stimulated by delicious flavors, the Spirit loses its guard, and the aperture opens, causing saliva to flow. It is also due to Stomach Heat moving worms, causing Lian Quan to open and saliva to flow. [Ping An]: In *Jia Yi*, 'xian' is written as 'HT'.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian. (The Kidney Foot Shaoyin meridian runs alongside the base of the tongue and governs saliva and fluids; now it is deficient, hence drooling.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes tinnitus (ear ringing)?" Qi Bo said: "The Ear is the gathering place of the Zong Mai (Major Meridians). Therefore, if the Stomach is empty, the Zong Mai become deficient; deficiency leads to sinking, and the flowing meridians become exhausted, thus causing tinnitus. (Note: Five collaterals—Foot Shaoyang, Taiyang, Hand Shaoyang, etc.—enter the ear, hence called the gathering of Zong Mai. Liu Mai refers to the meridians flowing into the ear. Exhaustion and blockage due to deficiency cause tinnitus.) Treatment should involve supplementing the Keyuzhuren point and the location where the Hand Large Intestine meridian meets flesh near the nail of the thumb. (Hand Yangming enters the ear, passing through Keyuzhuren. The Hand Taiyin meridian near the nail of the thumb is interior to Hand Yangming. Since both Yin and Yang are deficient, causing tinnitus, both are supplemented. [Ping An]: *Jia Yi* omits the character 'zhua'.)
Huang Di said: "What qi causes a person to bite their own tongue?" Qi Bo said: "This is due to Jue Ni (Rebellious Qi) ascending, with pulse Qi arriving in clusters. (Note: Bei means category/class. Rebellious Qi ascends to the head, so at places where class-like pulses arrive in the head, one bites the tongue. [Ping An]: In *Jia Yi*, '𠯑' is written as 'nie', and 'bei' as 'jie'.) When Shaoyin Qi arrives, the tongue is bitten; when Shaoyang Qi arrives, the cheek is bitten; when Yangming Qi arrives, the lip is bitten. Observe the primary diseased meridian and supplement it. (When Kidney Foot Shaoyin meridian Jue Ni reaches under the tongue, the tongue is bitten. When Hand and Foot Shaoyang meridians Jue Ni reach the cheek, the cheek is bitten. When Hand and Foot Yangming meridians Jue Ni reach the lip, the lip is bitten. These various meridians suffer from deficiency and Jue Ni, so observe the diseased meridian and supplement it.)
All these twelve pathogenic factors are odd pathogens invading the empty orifices. Therefore, wherever the pathogen resides, it is due to insufficiency. (Note: These twelve pathogens all cause deficiency, hence called odd pathogens. Kong Qiao refers to acupoints/orifices. Wherever this pathogenic Qi arrives, it damages Righteous Qi, thus causing illness through insufficiency. [Ping An]: In *Jia Yi*, 'shi er' is written as 'shi si'.) Therefore, when Upper Qi is insufficient, the Brain feels empty, the ears ring easily, the head tilts, and the eyes dim; (Note: The Head is Upper. When pathogenic Qi reaches the Head, there is tinnitus, the head cannot remain upright, and vision is dim. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'shan ming' is written as 'ku ming', 'qing' has 'ku' before it, and 'ming' is written as 'xuan'.) When Middle Qi is insufficient, urination and defecation change, and the intestines rumble; (Note: Intestines and Bladder constitute Middle. When pathogenic Qi reaches Middle, the color of urine and stool changes abnormally, and there is intestinal rumbling. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'xi' is written as 'ku'; in *Jia Yi* and Yuan edition, it is written as 'shan'.) When Lower Qi is insufficient, there is Wei syndrome (flaccidity), Jue syndrome (cold extremities), and leg stuffiness; treatment should involve supplementing below the outer ankle and retaining the needle. (Note: When pathogenic Qi reaches the Feet, there is flaccidity, Jue, dan-laxity, and leg stuffiness; one can supplement below the outer ankle. Another version says prick two cun above the web between the big toe and retain the needle. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'wei' has 'nai' before it, 'zu men' is written as 'xin', and *Jia Yi* writes 'xin men'. Under 'ji', it says 'prick two cun above the big toe web and retain needle', which appears later in this book.)
Huang Di said: "How to treat them?" Qi Bo said: "For Yawning governed by the Kidney, take the Foot Shaoyin meridian. For Hiccups governed by the Lung, take the Hand Taiyin and Foot Shaoyin meridians. For Sobbing, where Yin and Yang are severed, supplement Foot Taiyang and reduce Foot Shaoyin. For Shivering Cold, supplement all Yang meridians. For Belching, supplement Foot Taiyin and Yangming. For Sneezing, supplement Foot Taiyang and Meiben. For Laxity, supplement the intermuscular spaces at the site. For Tearing, supplement the Tian Zhu Jing alongside the Neck; Xia Xiang Zhe refers to the midline of the Head. ([Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'xiang' is written as 'jing'.) For Deep Sighing, supplement Hand Shaoyin, Xin Zhu, and retain needle in Foot Shaoyang. For Drooling, supplement Foot Shaoyin. For Tinnitus, supplement Keyuzhuren and the junction of flesh and nail on the thumb. For Biting Cheek, ([Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'jia' is written as 'she'.) Observe the primary diseased meridian and supplement it. For Dizziness and Stiff Neck, supplement below the outer ankle and retain needle. For Flaccidity, Jue, and Leg Stuffiness, prick two cun above the web of the big toe and retain needle, or alternatively, supplement below the outer ankle and retain needle. (The following details treatment formulas. Regarding 'giving Yang', if Yin is abundant and unceasing, it cannot be reduced; do not say 'give', it can be considered abundant. 'Midline of the Head' refers to taking the division of Zong Mai traveling in the Head. Dan and Wei Jue are the same disease with different names; this text trusts this account. [Ping An]: In *Ling Shu*, 'mu ming xiang qiang' is written as 'mu xuan tou qing', 'bu' is added before 'zu', and 'zu men' is written as 'xin 𢻮'.)