平按∶此篇自篇首至末，见《素问》、《甲乙》，卷第同前。
黄帝问于岐伯曰∶愿闻其诊，及其病能。（诊者，既见其状，因知所由，故曰诊也。
昼间暮甚等，即为状也。咳短气等，即为病能也。平按∶《素问》无“黄、问于岐伯”
五字，曰下有“五脏风之形状不同者何”十字。注既见，既字袁刻脱。）岐伯曰∶肺风
之状，多汗恶风，色 然白，时咳短气，昼日则瘥，暮则甚，诊在眉上，其色白。（ ，
普幸反，白色薄也。肺风病能凡有七别∶一曰多汗；二曰恶风；三曰色白，谓面色白薄
也；四曰嗽咳；五曰短气；六曰昼间暮甚，以肺主太阴，故暮甚也；七曰诊五色各见其
部，薄泽者，五脏风之候也。白，肺色也。）心风之状，多汗恶风，焦绝喜怒，赫者
赤色，痛甚则不可快，诊在口，其色赤。（心风状能有七∶一曰多汗；二曰恶风；三曰
焦绝，焦，热也，绝，不通也，言热不通也；四曰喜怒；五曰面赤色；六曰痛甚不安；
七曰所部色见，口为心部也。平按∶喜《素问》、《甲乙》作善，下同。《素问》赫作
，下无者字。痛《素问》、
《甲乙》作病。则不可快《甲乙》作则言不快，《素问》作则言不可快。）肝风之状，
多汗恶风，喜悲色微苍，嗌干喜怒，时憎女子，诊在目下，其色青。（肝风状能有八∶
一曰多汗，二曰恶风，三曰喜悲，四曰面色微青，五曰咽干，六曰喜怒，七曰时憎女子，
八曰所部色见也。）脾风之状，多汗恶风，身体怠惰，四肢不欲动，色薄微黄，不嗜食，
诊在鼻上，其色黄。（脾风状能有七∶一曰多汗；二曰恶风；三曰身体怠惰；谓除头四
肢为身体也；四曰四肢不用；五曰面色微黄；六曰不味于食；七曰所部色见也。）肾风
之状，多汗恶风，面庞然 肿，腰脊痛不能正立，其色 ，隐曲不利，诊在颐上，其色
黑。〔肾风状能有七∶一曰多汗；二曰恶风；三曰面肿；四曰腰脊痛；五曰面色黑如烟
（ ，大才反）；六曰隐曲不利，谓大小便不得通利；七曰所部色见，颐上，肾部也。
有本为肌上，误也。平按∶庞《素问》作 。 《素问》、《甲乙》作浮。《素问》脊
上无腰字。《甲乙》色 上有其字。颐《素问》、《甲乙》作肌。〕胃风之状，颈多汗
恶风，饮食不下，隔塞不通，腹喜满，失衣则 胀，食寒则泄，诊瘦而 腹大。（胃风
状能有八∶一曰颈多汗；二曰恶风；三曰不下饮食；四曰膈不通，膈中 也；五曰腹喜
满；六曰失覆腹胀；七曰食冷则痢；八曰胃风形诊，谓瘦而腹大，胃风候也。平按∶诊
瘦而 腹大《素问》、《甲乙》作诊形瘦而腹大，《素问》新校正云∶“按孙思邈云∶
新食竟取风为胃风。”）首风之状，头面多汗恶风，先当风一日则病甚，头痛不可出内，
至其风日则病少愈。（首风状能有三∶一曰头面多汗，二曰恶风，三曰诊候。不出者，
不得游于庭也；不内者，不得在室也。平按∶《甲乙》头面多汗作头痛面多汗。《素问》
先当风作当先风。《素问》、《甲乙》不可下有以字。风日，日字袁刻
脱。《素问》新校正云∶“孙思邈云∶新沐浴竟取风为首风。”）漏风之状，或多汗常
不可单衣，食则汗出，甚则身汗，息恶风，衣裳濡，口干喜渴，不能劳事。（漏风状能
有七∶一曰多汗，谓重衣则汗，衣单则寒；二曰因食汗甚，病甚无汗；三曰恶风，四曰
衣裳恒湿；五曰口干；六曰喜渴，七曰不能劳事也。平按∶《素问》、《甲乙》身汗息
作身汗喘息，裳作常。《素问》新校正云∶“孙思邈云∶因醉取风为漏风，其状恶风，
多汗少气、口干善渴，近衣则身热如火，临食则汗流如雨，骨节懈惰，不欲自劳。”）
泄风之状，多汗，汗出泄衣上，口干上来，其风不能劳事，身体尽痛则寒。（泄风状能
有四∶一曰多汗污衣，二曰口干，三曰□□皮上冷也，四曰劳则体痛寒也。平按∶泄
《素问》、《甲乙》作泄。口干上来《素问》作口中干上渍，《甲乙》作咽干上渍。注
污衣袁刻作泄衣。三曰下原缺二字，袁刻作液涸。《素问》新校正云∶“孙思邈云∶新
房事取风为内风，其状恶风，汗流沾衣裳，疑此泄风乃内风也。”）
【平按】：本篇从开头到结尾，内容见于《素问》和《甲乙经》，卷次与前述相同。
黄帝向岐伯问道：我希望了解诊断的方法，以及疾病的症状表现。（所谓“诊”，是指既观察到病症的外在表现，就能推知病因所在，所以称为“诊”。白天轻晚上重等表现，就是“状”；咳嗽、气短等表现，就是“病能”。平按：《素问》中没有“黄、问于岐伯”这五个字，在“曰”字下有“五脏风之形状不同者何”十个字。杨上善注中提到的“既见”，其中“既”字在袁刻本中脱漏。）岐伯回答说：肺风的症状，是多汗且怕风，面色苍白无华，时常咳嗽且气短，白天病情减轻，晚上加重，诊断部位在眉毛上方，其色为白。（此处“ ”，读音为普幸反，指白色而薄。肺风的症状表现共有七种区别：一是多汗；二是恶风；三是面色白，即面色白而薄；四是咳嗽；五是气短；六是白天轻晚上重，因为肺属太阴经，所以晚上加重；七是观察五色在各部的显现，色泽薄泽的，是五脏风病的征候。白，是肺的颜色。）心风的症状，是多汗且怕风，烦躁易怒，面色红赤，疼痛剧烈时感到不适难忍，诊断部位在口部，其色为赤。（心风的症状表现有七种：一是多汗；二是恶风；三是焦绝，“焦”指热，“绝”指不通，意为热气不通；四是喜怒无常；五是面色红赤；六是疼痛剧烈导致不安；七是相应部位出现颜色变化，口为心的对应部位。平按：“喜”字在《素问》、《甲乙经》中作“善”，下文相同。《素问》中“赫”字作“ ”，下面没有“者”字。《素问》、《甲乙经》中“痛”字作“病”。“则不可快”在《甲乙经》中作“则言不快”，在《素问》中作“则言不可快”。）肝风的症状，是多汗且怕风，喜欢悲伤，面色微青，咽喉干燥，情绪波动（喜怒），有时厌恶女性，诊断部位在眼下，其色为青。（肝风的症状表现有八种：一是多汗；二是恶风；三是喜欢悲伤；四是面色微青；五是咽干；六是喜怒无常；七是有时厌恶女性；八是相应部位出现颜色变化。）脾风的症状，是多汗且怕风，身体倦怠无力，四肢不想活动，面色淡黄，食欲不振，诊断部位在鼻头，其色为黄。（脾风的症状表现有七种：一是多汗；二是恶风；三是身体怠惰，这里指除头部和四肢以外的躯干部位；四是四肢不用力；五是面色微黄；六是对食物没有味道/食欲不佳；七是相应部位出现颜色变化。）肾风的症状，是多汗且怕风，面部浮肿，腰脊疼痛不能直立，面色黑，二便不利，诊断部位在颧骨上方（颐上），其色为黑。（肾风的症状表现有七种：一是多汗；二是恶风；三是面肿；四是腰脊痛；五是面色黑如烟熏（此处“ ”，读音为大才反）；六是隐曲不利，指大小便不通利；七是相应部位出现颜色变化，颐上为肾的对应部位。有的版本写作“肌上”，是错误的。平按：“庞”字在《素问》中作“ ”。《素问》、《甲乙经》中作“浮”。《素问》中“脊”上没有“腰”字。《甲乙经》中“色 ”前有“其”字。“颐”字在《素问》、《甲乙经》中作“肌”。）胃风的症状，颈部多汗且怕风，饮食不下，胸膈阻塞不通，腹部常感胀满，受寒则腹胀，吃冷食则腹泻，脉象瘦弱而腹部膨大。（胃风的症状表现有八种：一是颈部多汗；二是恶风；三是饮食不下；四是膈部不通，指膈中痞塞；五是腹部常感胀满；六是失衣受凉后腹胀；七是吃冷食则泄泻；八是胃风的形诊特征，即形体消瘦而腹部膨大，这是胃风的征候。平按：“诊瘦而 腹大”在《素问》、《甲乙经》中作“诊形瘦而腹大”，《素问》新校正说：“按孙思邈所说：刚吃完饭就吹风得的是胃风。”）首风的症状，头面部多汗且怕风，在当风的前一天病情加重，头痛严重到无法出门或待在室内，到了刮风的日子病情稍有好转。（首风的症状表现有三种：一是头面部多汗；二是恶风；三是诊候特征。不出门，是指不能在庭院中游走；不进入室内，是指不能在屋内停留。平按：《甲乙经》中“头面多汗”作“头痛面多汗”。《素问》中“先当风”作“当先风”。《素问》、《甲乙经》中“不可”下有“以”字。“风日”的“日”字在袁刻本中脱漏。《素问》新校正说：“孙思邈说：刚洗完澡就吹风得的是首风。”）漏风的症状，或者是多汗，常常不能穿单衣，吃饭时就出汗，严重时全身出汗，呼吸时怕风，衣服湿透，口干喜欢喝水，不能从事体力劳动。（漏风的症状表现有七种：一是多汗，指穿厚衣服则出汗，穿单衣则觉得冷；二是进食时汗出更多，病重时无汗；三是恶风；四是衣服经常湿润；五是口干；六是喜欢喝水；七是不能从事体力劳动。平按：《素问》、《甲乙经》中“身汗息”作“身汗喘息”，“裳”作“常”。《素问》新校正说：“孙思邈说：酒后吹风得的是漏风，其症状是恶风，多汗少气、口干善渴，靠近衣物则身热如火，临食则汗流如雨，骨节懈怠懒惰，不想自我劳累。”）泄风的症状，多汗，汗水流出弄湿衣服，口干向上蔓延，因风邪而不能从事体力劳动，身体全身疼痛且伴有寒冷感。（泄风的症状表现有四种：一是多汗弄脏衣服；二是口干；三是[原文缺二字，袁刻本作液涸]皮肤发冷；四是劳作则体痛且寒。平按：“泄”字在《素问》、《甲乙经》中作“泄”。“口干上来”在《素问》中作“口中干上渍”，在《甲乙经》中作“咽干上渍”。注文中“污衣”在袁刻本中作“泄衣”。第三点下原缺二字，袁刻本作“液涸”。《素问》新校正说：“孙思邈说：房事后受风得的是内风，其症状是恶风，汗流沾湿衣裳，怀疑此处的‘泄风’即是‘内风’。”）
[Ping An]: This chapter, from beginning to end, appears in the *Suwen* and the *Jiayi Jing*, with the volume numbers consistent with those mentioned previously.
The Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: I wish to hear about the methods of diagnosis and the manifestations of diseases. (Diagnosis refers to observing the external signs of a condition to infer its cause; hence it is called "diagnosis". Manifestations such as worsening at dusk are referred to as "signs" or "forms"; symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath are referred to as "disease capabilities" or "pathological states". Ping An: The *Suwen* lacks the five characters "Huang [Emperor], wen yu Qibo [asked Qibo]". After the character "yue [said]", there are ten additional characters in the *Suwen*: "Wu zang feng zhi xingzhuang butong zhe he [Why are the shapes and forms of wind affecting the five zang organs different?]". In Yang Shangshan's note regarding "ji jian [having seen]", the character "ji" is missing in the Yuan edition.) Qibo replied: The signs of Lung Wind include profuse sweating and aversion to wind, a pale and thin complexion, frequent coughing and shortness of breath, improvement during the day, and aggravation at night. Diagnosis is indicated above the eyebrows, where the color is white. (The character here, pronounced 'pu xing fan', describes a pale and thin whiteness. There are seven distinct pathological states for Lung Wind: first, profuse sweating; second, aversion to wind; third, white complexion, meaning the facial color is pale and thin; fourth, coughing; fifth, shortness of breath; sixth, worsening at night, because the Lung belongs to the Taiyin meridian, so symptoms worsen at night; seventh, observing the manifestation of the five colors in their respective areas; a thin and lustrous appearance indicates the sign of wind affecting the five zang organs. White is the color of the Lung.)
The signs of Heart Wind include profuse sweating and aversion to wind, irritability and mood swings, a flushed red complexion, and severe pain causing discomfort. Diagnosis is indicated at the mouth, where the color is red. (There are seven pathological states for Heart Wind: first, profuse sweating; second, aversion to wind; third, "jiao jue", where "jiao" means heat and "jue" means obstruction, indicating blocked heat; fourth, irritability and anger; fifth, red facial complexion; sixth, severe pain leading to restlessness; seventh, color changes in the corresponding area, as the mouth corresponds to the Heart. Ping An: The character "xi [joy]" in the *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is written as "shan [good/favorable]". In the *Suwen*, the character "he [bright/red]" is written differently, and the character "zhe [is]" is absent below it. In the *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing*, "tong [pain]" is written as "bing [illness]". The phrase "ze bu ke kuai [then cannot feel comfortable]" is written as "ze yan bu kuai [then says not comfortable]" in the *Jiayi Jing* and "ze yan bu ke kuai [then says cannot feel comfortable]" in the *Suwen*.)
The signs of Liver Wind include profuse sweating and aversion to wind, a tendency toward sadness, a slightly bluish complexion, dry throat, irritability, and occasional aversion to women. Diagnosis is indicated below the eyes, where the color is green. (There are eight pathological states for Liver Wind: first, profuse sweating; second, aversion to wind; third, tendency toward sadness; fourth, slightly bluish complexion; fifth, dry throat; sixth, irritability; seventh, occasional aversion to women; eighth, color changes in the corresponding area.)
The signs of Spleen Wind include profuse sweating and aversion to wind, bodily lethargy, reluctance to move the limbs, a slightly yellowish complexion, and loss of appetite. Diagnosis is indicated on the nose, where the color is yellow. (There are seven pathological states for Spleen Wind: first, profuse sweating; second, aversion to wind; third, bodily lethargy, referring to the trunk excluding the head and limbs; fourth, immobility of the limbs; fifth, slightly yellowish complexion; sixth, lack of taste/appetite; seventh, color changes in the corresponding area.)
The signs of Kidney Wind include profuse sweating and aversion to wind, puffy face, lower back and spine pain preventing upright standing, a dark complexion, and difficulty with urination and defecation. Diagnosis is indicated above the chin/jawline, where the color is black. (There are seven pathological states for Kidney Wind: first, profuse sweating; second, aversion to wind; third, facial swelling; fourth, lower back and spine pain; fifth, dark complexion like smoke (the character here, pronounced 'da cai fan'); sixth, difficulty with private functions, meaning obstruction of urination and defecation; seventh, color changes in the corresponding area, as the area above the jaw corresponds to the Kidney. Some editions read "above the muscle/skin", which is an error. Ping An: The character "pang [swollen]" in the *Suwen* is written differently. In the *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing*, it is written as "fu [floating]". The *Suwen* lacks the character "yao [waist]" before "ji [spine]". The *Jiayi Jing* adds the character "qi [its]" before "se [color]". The character "yi [chin/jaw]" in the *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is written as "ji [skin/muscle]*.)
The signs of Stomach Wind include profuse sweating and aversion to wind in the neck, inability to swallow food, blockage in the chest and diaphragm, frequent abdominal fullness, abdominal distension upon exposure to cold, and diarrhea after eating cold food. The pulse is thin/emaciated while the abdomen is enlarged. (There are eight pathological states for Stomach Wind: first, profuse sweating in the neck; second, aversion to wind; third, inability to ingest food; fourth, blockage in the diaphragm, meaning stagnation in the chest; fifth, frequent abdominal fullness; sixth, abdominal distension after losing warmth/clothing; seventh, dysentery/diarrhea after eating cold food; eighth, the physical diagnostic sign of Stomach Wind, which is an emaciated body with an enlarged abdomen, indicating the sign of Stomach Wind. Ping An: "Zhen shou er fu da [Diagnose thin/emaciated and large abdomen]" in the *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is written as "Zhen xing shou er fu da [Diagnose form thin/emaciated and large abdomen]". The New Correction in the *Suwen* states: "According to Sun Simiao: contracting wind immediately after finishing a meal causes Stomach Wind.")
The signs of Head Wind include profuse sweating and aversion to wind on the head and face. The condition worsens one day before the windy weather, with severe headache making it impossible to go out or stay indoors. On the day of the wind, the condition improves slightly. (There are three pathological states for Head Wind: first, profuse sweating on the head and face; second, aversion to wind; third, diagnostic signs. "Not going out" means unable to wander in the courtyard; "not entering" means unable to stay inside the room. Ping An: In the *Jiayi Jing*, "tou mian duo han [head and face profuse sweating]" is written as "tou tong mian duo han [headache and face profuse sweating]". In the *Suwen*, "xian dang feng [first when facing wind]" is written as "dang xian feng [should first face wind]". The *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* add the character "yi [can]" after "bu ke [cannot]". The character "ri [day]" in "feng ri [wind day]" is missing in the Yuan edition. The New Correction in the *Suwen* states: "Sun Simiao said: contracting wind immediately after bathing causes Head Wind.")
The signs of Leaking Wind include profuse sweating, often making it impossible to wear single-layer clothes. Sweating occurs upon eating, and in severe cases, whole-body sweating. Breathing is accompanied by aversion to wind, clothes become soaked, the mouth is dry with excessive thirst, and the patient cannot engage in labor. (There are seven pathological states for Leaking Wind: first, profuse sweating, meaning sweating when wearing thick clothes and feeling cold when wearing thin clothes; second, excessive sweating upon eating, with no sweating when the illness is severe; third, aversion to wind; fourth, clothes constantly wet; fifth, dry mouth; sixth, excessive thirst; seventh, inability to engage in labor. Ping An: In the *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing*, "shen han xi [body sweat breath]" is written as "shen han chuan xi [body sweat panting/breathing]", and "chang [clothes]" is written as "chang [often]". The New Correction in the *Suwen* states: "Sun Simiao said: contracting wind after drunkenness causes Leaking Wind. Its signs are aversion to wind, profuse sweating, shortness of breath, dry mouth, and excessive thirst. Being close to clothing makes the body hot as fire, and eating causes sweat to flow like rain. The joints are lax and weak, and there is no desire for self-exertion.")
The signs of Draining Wind include profuse sweating, with sweat leaking onto and staining clothes. Dryness in the mouth spreads upward. The wind pathogen prevents engagement in labor. The entire body aches and feels cold. (There are four pathological states for Draining Wind: first, profuse sweating soiling clothes; second, dry mouth; third, [two characters missing in original, Yuan edition reads "ye he [fluids dried up]"] skin feels cold; fourth, exertion leads to body pain and coldness. Ping An: The character "xie [drain/leak]" in the *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is written as "xie [leak/secrete]". "Kou gan shang lai [mouth dryness comes up]" in the *Suwen* is written as "kou zhong gan shang ze [mouth interior dryness spreads upwards/stains]", and in the *Jiayi Jing* as "yan gan shang ze [throat dryness spreads upwards/stains]". In the notes, "wu yi [soil clothes]" is written as "xie yi [leak clothes]" in the Yuan edition. The two characters under point three were originally missing, filled by the Yuan edition as "ye he". The New Correction in the *Suwen* states: "Sun Simiao said: contracting wind after sexual intercourse causes Internal Wind. Its signs are aversion to wind, sweat flowing and soaking clothes. It is suspected that this 'Draining Wind' is actually 'Internal Wind'.")