黄。宜食咸。大豆豕肉栗藿皆咸。（夫脾土之所以灌溉四脏者。主上渗于心肺。下泄于肝肾。如脾苦湿。则不能上渗矣。
土气敦阜。则不能下泄矣。经曰。酸苦涌泄为阴。咸味渗泄为阴。故宜食苦者。取其燥土气以涌渗于上也。宜食咸者。
取其行土气以渗泄于下也。）肾色黑。宜食辛。黄黍鸡肉桃葱皆辛。（肾色黑。则其气喜润。辛能开腠理。致津液。盖从
革作辛。能通母之化原也。）辛散。酸收。甘缓。苦坚。咸 。（此言发散涌泄之外。而又有或收或缓或坚或 之性。善
用者随其所利而行之。）毒药攻邪。（启玄子曰。药、谓金玉土石草木菜果虫鱼鸟兽之类。皆可以怯邪养正者也。然攻
邪却病。惟毒乃能。故曰毒药攻邪。再按本草云。上药为君。主养命以应天。无毒。多服久服不伤人。欲轻身益气。不
老延年者。本上经。中药为臣。主养性以应人。无毒有毒。斟酌其宜。欲遏病补虚羸者。本中经。下药为佐使。主治病
以应地。多毒。不可久服。欲除寒热邪气。破积聚愈疾者。本下经。）五谷为养。（谓黍稷稻麦菽。以供养五脏之气。）五
果为助。（谓桃李杏枣栗。以助其养。）五畜为益。（谓牛羊犬豕鸡。为补益五脏者也。）五菜为充。（谓葵藿葱韭薤。充实
于脏腑者也。按五常政大论曰。大毒治病。十去其六。常毒治病。十去其七。小毒治病。十去其八。无毒治病。十去其
九。盖毒药所以攻邪。谷肉果菜。无使过伤。能补精益气。精气充足。则邪病自除。）气味合而服之。以补精益气。（此
总结上文。而言谷肉果菜皆有五气五味。宜和合而食之。无使偏胜。以补益精气。如偏食焦苦之气味。则增火化。如偏
食咸腐之物。则增寒化。经曰。久而增气。物化之常也。气增而久。夭之由也。故宜气味和合而食之。）此五者。有辛
酸甘苦咸。各有所利。或散或收。或缓或急。或坚或 。四时五脏。病随五味所宜也。（五者。谓毒药谷畜菜果也。言此
五者。皆有辛甘之发散。有酸苦咸之涌泄。又有辛散酸收。苦坚咸 。或随四时之宜散宜收。或随五脏之所苦所欲。各
随其所利而行之。此篇论察五脏。以知间甚死生之期。审贵贱。以施针砭药食之别。盖九候之病。由五脏之所生。）
黄色（脾色）对应的食物宜食咸味。大豆、猪肉、栗子、豆叶都属咸味。（脾土之所以能灌溉四脏，主要在于向上渗注于心肺，向下排泄于肝肾。如果脾受湿邪困扰，就不能向上渗注了。土气过于厚重高起，就不能向下排泄了。经文说：酸味和苦味具有涌吐泄下的作用，属于阴；咸味具有渗透泄下的作用，也属于阴。所以适宜吃苦味，是取其燥湿土气，使其向上涌渗；适宜吃咸味，是取其通行土气，使其向下渗泄。）黑色（肾色）对应的食物宜食辛味。黄米、鸡肉、桃子、葱都属辛味。（肾色黑，其气喜润。辛味能开泄腠理，促使津液布散。从字形演变看，“革”字旁加“辛”构成新字，意指能通达母脏的化生本源。）辛味能发散，酸味能收敛，甘味能缓急，苦味能坚阴，咸味能软坚。（这里说的是在发散、涌吐、泄下之外，还有或收敛、或缓急、或坚阴、或软坚的特性。善于用药者，会根据病情的有利之处而施用。）毒药攻逐邪气。（启玄子说：药，指金、玉、石、土、草、木、菜、果、虫、鱼、鸟、兽之类，都可以用来祛除邪气、扶助正气。然而攻逐邪气、驱除疾病，只有毒药才能做到。所以说毒药攻邪。另外按《本草》记载：上药为君，主要保养生命以顺应天道，无毒，多服久服不伤人，想要轻身益气、不老延年的人，依据上品经；中药为臣，主要保养性情以顺应人道，有有毒无毒之分，斟酌其适宜程度，想要遏制疾病、补益虚弱消瘦的人，依据中品经；下药为佐使，主要治疗疾病以顺应地道，多毒，不可久服，想要除去寒热邪气、破除积聚、治愈疾病的人，依据下品经。）五谷作为滋养之物。（指黍、稷、稻、麦、菽，用来供养五脏之气。）五果作为辅助之物。（指桃、李、杏、枣、栗，用来辅助滋养。）五畜作为补益之物。（指牛、羊、犬、猪、鸡，用来补益五脏。）五菜作为充实之物。（指葵、藿、葱、韭、薤，用来充实脏腑。按《五常政大论》所说：用大毒药物治疗疾病，去病六分；常用毒性的药物治疗疾病，去病七分；小毒性的药物治疗疾病，去病八分；无毒性的药物治疗疾病，去病九分。大概毒药是用来攻逐邪气的，谷、肉、果、菜不要吃得过多以免受伤，它们能补精益气。精气充足，那么邪病自然消除。）气味配合服用，以补精益气。（这是总结上文，说谷、肉、果、菜都有五气五味，应该调和合食，不要让某一种偏胜，从而补益精气。如果偏食焦苦的气味，就会增加火化；如果偏食咸腐的食物，就会增加寒化。经文说：长久食用某种气味会增加相应的脏气，这是物化的常理。但气偏盛久了，就是夭折的原因。所以适宜将气味调和后食用。）这五种食物，有辛、酸、甘、苦、咸，各有所利，有的发散，有的收敛，有的缓急，有的急迫，有的坚阴，有的软坚。四季五脏的疾病，随着五味的适宜而不同。（五种食物，指毒药、谷类、畜类、蔬菜、水果。说这五种食物，都有辛甘的发散作用，有酸苦咸的涌吐泄下作用，又有辛散、酸收、苦坚、咸软坚的特性。或者随四季的适宜而发散或收敛，或者随五脏的苦欲，各自随其有利之处而施用。本篇论述观察五脏，以知晓病情轻重及死生的期限，审察地位贵贱，以施行针砭药食的区别。大概九候的病证，是由五脏所生成的。）
Yellow (the color of the Spleen): Foods suitable for consumption should be salty. Soybeans, pork, chestnuts, and soybean leaves are all salty. (The reason why Spleen Earth irrigates the four Zang organs is primarily by seeping upwards to the Heart and Lungs, and draining downwards to the Liver and Kidneys. If the Spleen suffers from dampness, it cannot seep upwards. If Earth Qi is too thick and elevated, it cannot drain downwards. The Classic states: Sour and bitter flavors induce vomiting and purging, which belong to Yin; salty flavor induces permeation and drainage, which also belongs to Yin. Therefore, it is advisable to consume bitter flavors to utilize their ability to dry dampness and promote upward seepage; it is advisable to consume salty flavors to utilize their ability to move Earth Qi and promote downward drainage.) Black (the color of the Kidney): Foods suitable for consumption should be pungent. Yellow millet, chicken meat, peaches, and green onions are all pungent. (When the Kidney is black in color, its Qi prefers moisture. Pungent flavors can open the interstices (cou li) and facilitate the distribution of body fluids. Etymologically, adding 'xin' (pungent) to 'ge' implies the ability to connect with the generative source of the mother organ.) Pungent flavors disperse, sour flavors astringe, sweet flavors moderate, bitter flavors firm, and salty flavors soften hardness. (This refers to the properties of astringing, moderating, firming, or softening hardness, in addition to dispersing, inducing vomiting, and purging. Those skilled in application act according to what is beneficial.) Toxic medicines attack pathogenic factors. (Qixuanzi stated: Medicines refer to metals, gems, stones, earth, herbs, trees, vegetables, fruits, insects, fish, birds, and beasts, all of which can dispel pathogens and support righteous Qi. However, only toxic substances can effectively attack pathogens and cure diseases. Hence, it is said that toxic medicines attack pathogens. Furthermore, according to Materia Medica: Superior drugs serve as Sovereigns, mainly nourishing life to correspond to Heaven. They are non-toxic; taking them in large amounts or over long periods does not harm humans. Those wishing to lighten the body, benefit Qi, and prolong life follow the Superior Class. Moderate drugs serve as Ministers, mainly nourishing nature to correspond to Humanity. They may be toxic or non-toxic, used with discretion. Those wishing to suppress disease and replenish deficiency follow the Moderate Class. Inferior drugs serve as Assistants, mainly treating disease to correspond to Earth. They are often toxic and should not be taken for long periods. Those wishing to eliminate cold-heat pathogens, break up accumulations, and cure illnesses follow the Inferior Class.) Five grains provide nourishment. (Referring to millet, broomcorn millet, rice, wheat, and beans, which nourish the Qi of the five Zang organs.) Five fruits provide assistance. (Referring to peaches, plums, apricots, jujubes, and chestnuts, which assist in nourishment.) Five meats provide benefits. (Referring to cattle, sheep, dogs, pigs, and chickens, which tonify the five Zang organs.) Five vegetables provide fulfillment. (Referring to mallow, soybean leaves, green onions, garlic chives, and wild leeks, which fill and enrich the Zang and Fu organs. According to the Treatise on the Five Constant Policies: When using highly toxic medicines to treat disease, remove six-tenths of the illness; when using moderately toxic medicines, remove seven-tenths; when using slightly toxic medicines, remove eight-tenths; when using non-toxic medicines, remove nine-tenths. Generally, toxic medicines are used to attack pathogens. Grains, meats, fruits, and vegetables should not be consumed excessively to avoid injury; they can tonify essence and benefit Qi. When Essence and Qi are sufficient, pathogenic diseases will naturally disappear.) Consume flavors and aromas in combination to tonify essence and benefit Qi. (This summarizes the preceding text, stating that grains, meats, fruits, and vegetables all possess five flavors and five aromas. They should be eaten in harmony to prevent any single flavor from becoming excessive, thereby tonifying Essence and Qi. For instance, consuming excessive pungent-bitter flavors increases Fire transformation; consuming excessive salty-fermented foods increases Cold transformation. The Classic states: Long-term consumption of certain flavors increases the corresponding organ's Qi, which is the normal law of material transformation. However, prolonged excess of Qi leads to premature death. Therefore, it is advisable to consume harmonized flavors and aromas.) These five categories [toxic medicines, grains, meats, vegetables, fruits] contain pungent, sour, sweet, bitter, and salty flavors, each having specific benefits. Some disperse, some astringe, some moderate, some accelerate, some firm, and some soften hardness. Diseases of the four seasons and five Zang organs are suited to different flavors based on the five tastes. (The "five" refers to toxic medicines, grains, meats, vegetables, and fruits. It means that these five categories all have the dispersing action of pungent and sweet flavors, the vomiting/purging action of sour, bitter, and salty flavors, and the properties of pungent dispersion, sour astringency, bitter firming, and salty softening. Actions may vary according to the suitability of the four seasons for dispersing or astringing, or according to the dislikes and desires of the five Zang organs, acting according to what is beneficial. This chapter discusses observing the five Zang organs to determine the severity of illness and the timing of death or survival, and assessing social status to differentiate the use of acupuncture, moxibustion, medicine, and diet. Generally, diseases observed through the nine pulse positions originate from the five Zang organs.)