黄帝问曰∶人有四经十二从，何谓？岐伯对曰∶四经应四时，十二从应十二月，十二月应十二脉。
脉有阴阳，知阳者知阴，知阴者知阳。凡阳有五，五五二十五阳。所谓阴者，真脏也，见则为败，败必死
也。所谓阳者，胃脘之阳也。别于阳者，知
病处也；别于阴者，知死生之期。三阳在头，三阴在手，所谓一也。别于阳者，知病忌时；别于阴者，知
死生之期。谨熟阴阳，无与众谋。所谓阴阳者，去者为阴，至者为阳；静者为阴，动者为阳；迟者为阴，数
者为阳。凡持真脉之脏脉者，肝至悬绝急，十八日死；心至悬绝，九日死；肺至悬绝，十二日死；肾至悬绝，
七日死；脾至悬绝，四日死。曰∶二阳之病发心脾，有不得隐曲，女子不月；其传为风消，其传为息
贲者，死不治。曰∶三阳为病发寒热，下为痈肿，及为痿厥 ；其传为索泽，其传为颓疝。曰∶一阳
发病，少气善咳善泄；其传为心掣，其传为隔。二阳一阴发病，主惊骇背痛，善噫善欠，名曰风厥。二
阴一阳发病，善胀心满善气。三阳三阴发病，为偏枯痿易，四肢不举。鼓一阳曰钩，鼓一阴曰毛，鼓阳
胜急曰弦，鼓阳至而绝曰石，阴阳相过曰溜。阴争于内，阳扰于外，魄汗未藏，四逆而起，起则熏肺，使人
喘鸣。阴之所生，和本曰和。是故刚与刚，阳气破散，阴气乃消亡。淖则刚柔不和，经气乃绝。死阴之属，不
过三日而死；生阳之属，不过四日而死。所谓生阳死阴者，肝之心谓之生阳，心之肺谓之死
阴，肺之肾谓之重阴，肾之脾谓之辟阴，死不治。结阳者，肿四肢。结阴者，便血一升，再结二升，
三结三升。阴阳结斜，多阴少阳曰石水，少腹肿。二阳结谓之消，三阳结谓之隔，三阴结谓之水，一阴一
阳结谓之喉痹。阴搏阳别谓之有子。阴阳虚肠辟死。阳加于阴谓之汗。阴虚阳搏谓之崩。三阴俱搏，
二十日夜半死。二阴俱搏，十三日夕时
死。一阴俱搏，十日死。三阳俱搏且鼓，三日死。三阴三阳俱搏，心腹满。发尽不得隐曲，五日死。二
阳俱搏，其病温，死不治，不过十日死。
阴阳应象大论∶ 胀（上昌真切，肉胀起也）渗泄（上所禁切）翕 （下许极切）哕噫（上乙劣切，
下乌界切）能冬（上奴代切，下能夏、形能并同）放效（上妃两切）并于（上去声）嗌（伊芳者切）
滑涩（下音色）渍（即赐切）
阴阳离合论∶予（犹与也）
阴阳别论∶ （音喘，腓肠也） （音渊，疼也）淖（音淘，水朝宗于海）
黄帝问道：人有四经和十二从，这是什么意思？岐伯回答说：四经对应四季，十二从对应十二个月，十二个月对应十二条经脉。
脉象有阴有阳，懂得阳脉也就懂得了阴脉，懂得阴脉也就懂得了阳脉。凡属阳的脉象有五种，五五相乘得二十五种阳脉。所谓阴脉，是指真脏脉（无胃气的脉象），如果出现就是脏腑精气败坏，败坏必然导致死亡。所谓阳脉，是指胃气之阳（带有柔和从容之象的脉）。辨别阳脉，可以知道病变的部位；辨别阴脉，可以知道预后的死生期限。三阳经的脉气见于头部，三阴经的脉气见于手部，这就是所谓的“一”。辨别阳脉，可以知道发病的时间及禁忌之时；辨别阴脉，可以知道预后的死生期限。务必精通熟记阴阳理论，无需与他人商议。所谓阴阳，离去者为阴，到来者为阳；静止者为阴，运动者为阳；迟缓者为阴，急促者为阳。凡是诊察到真脏脉的，如果肝脉悬绝而急劲，十八天后死亡；心脉悬绝，九天后死亡；肺脉悬绝，十二天后死亡；肾脉悬绝，七天后死亡；脾脉悬绝，四天后死亡。又说：二阳经（阳明胃与大肠）的疾病发于心脾，出现难以启齿的隐曲之事（如性功能障碍或排便困难），女子月经闭止；若传变为风消（肌肉消瘦），或传变为息贲（呼吸急促、胸满），则死亡且无法治疗。又说：三阳经（太阳膀胱与小肠）发病，表现为寒热往来，下部发生痈肿，以及痿厥（肢体萎软无力、四肢逆冷）；若传变为索泽（皮肤干枯无光泽），或传变为颓疝（阴囊肿大下垂），则病情加重。又说：一阳经（少阳胆与三焦）发病，表现为气短、容易咳嗽、容易泄泻；若传变为心掣（心脏牵拉痛），或传变为膈（膈塞不通），则病情加重。二阳与一阴经同时发病，主要表现为惊骇、背痛，容易嗳气、呵欠，病名叫风厥。二阴与一阳经同时发病，表现为容易腹胀、心胸痞满、喜欢叹气。三阳与三阴经同时发病，表现为偏枯（半身不遂）、痿证互换、四肢不能举动。脉搏搏动有力如钩（洪大）称为钩脉，搏动轻浮如毛（浮涩）称为毛脉，搏动强劲而紧急称为弦脉，搏动沉实而断绝感称为石脉，阴阳之气相互交过称为溜脉。阴气争胜于内，阳气扰乱于外，魄汗（大汗）不能固藏，四肢厥逆而起，厥逆之气上熏于肺，使人喘息有声。阴气所生成的和谐状态叫做“和”。因此，刚与刚相遇，阳气破散，阴气随之消亡。过于柔润则刚柔不和，经气就会断绝。属于死阴类的疾病，不超过三天就会死亡；属于生阳类的疾病，不超过四天就会死亡。所谓生阳和死阴，是指肝病传心为生阳，心病传肺为死阴，肺病传肾为重阴，肾病传脾为辟阴，这些都属于死不治的情况。阳气结聚于阳分，会导致四肢肿胀。阴气结聚于阴分，会导致便血，初次便血一升，再次结聚便血二升，三次结聚便血三升。阴阳之气结聚且偏斜，多阴少阳的称为石水，小腹部肿胀。二阳经气结聚称为消渴，三阳经气结聚称为膈噎，三阴经气结聚称为水肿，一阴一阳经气结聚称为喉痹。阴脉搏击有力而与阳脉有别，称为怀孕。阴阳俱虚导致肠辟（痢疾）者死亡。阳邪加于阴分称为汗出。阴虚而阳脉搏击有力称为崩漏（妇女非经期大量出血）。三阴脉俱搏击有力，二十天半夜时死亡。二阴脉俱搏击有力，十三天傍晚时死亡。一阴脉俱搏击有力，十天死亡。三阳脉俱搏击且鼓动有力，三天死亡。三阴三阳脉俱搏击，心腹胀满。症状全部发作且出现难以启齿的隐曲之事，五天死亡。二阳脉俱搏击，病为温病，死亡且无法治疗，不超过十天死亡。
《阴阳应象大论》中注释：胀（音同昌真切，指肉块隆起）渗泄（音同所禁切）翕（音同下许极切）哕噫（哕音同乙劣切，噫音同乌界切）能冬（能音同奴代切，下字能夏、形能并同）放效（音同妃两切）并于（并音同去声）嗌（音同伊芳者切）滑涩（涩音同音色）渍（音同即赐切）
《阴阳离合论》中注释：予（通“与”，给予之意）
《阴阳别论》中注释： （音同喘，指腓肠肌） （音同渊，指疼痛）淖（音同淘，意为水流归海）
Huangdi asked: "There are four meridians and twelve 'cong' (following/secondary pathways) in the human body. What does this mean?" Qibo replied: "The four meridians correspond to the four seasons, the twelve 'cong' correspond to the twelve months, and the twelve months correspond to the twelve primary meridians."
Pulses have Yin and Yang characteristics; understanding Yang pulses implies understanding Yin pulses, and vice versa. There are five types of Yang pulses, and five times five equals twenty-five Yang pulse patterns. The so-called Yin pulses refer to the Zang-Fu organ-specific pulses (True Visceral Pulses, i.e., pulses devoid of Stomach Qi); their appearance indicates the collapse of visceral essence and inevitably leads to death. The so-called Yang pulses refer to the Yang of the Stomach cavity (Stomach Qi manifested in the pulse). By distinguishing Yang pulses, one can locate the disease; by distinguishing Yin pulses, one can predict the timing of death or survival. The Qi of the three Yang meridians is found at the head, and the Qi of the three Yin meridians is found at the hands; this is referred to as "One." By distinguishing Yang, one knows the time of onset and contraindications; by distinguishing Yin, one knows the prognosis of life and death. One must thoroughly master Yin and Yang theory without needing to consult others. Regarding Yin and Yang: departing is Yin, arriving is Yang; stillness is Yin, movement is Yang; slowness is Yin, rapidity is Yang. When palpating the True Visceral Pulses of the organs: if the Liver pulse is suspended, isolated, and rapid, death occurs in eighteen days; if the Heart pulse is suspended, death occurs in nine days; if the Lung pulse is suspended, death occurs in twelve days; if the Kidney pulse is suspended, death occurs in seven days; if the Spleen pulse is suspended, death occurs in four days. It is said: Diseases of the Er-Yang (Yangming Stomach and Large Intestine meridians) originate in the Heart and Spleen, manifesting as difficult-to-disclose ailments (such as sexual dysfunction or defecation difficulties), and amenorrhea in women; if it transmits to Fengxiao (wasting syndrome with muscle emaciation) or Xiben (asthma with chest fullness), it results in untreatable death. It is said: Diseases of the San-Yang (Taiyang Bladder and Small Intestine meridians) manifest as alternating chills and fever, abscesses/swelling in the lower body, and Wei-Jue (limb flaccidity and cold extremities); if it transmits to Suoze (dry, lusterless skin) or Tuihan (scrotal hernia/swelling), the condition worsens. It is said: Disease of Yi-Yang (Shaoyang Gallbladder and Sanjiao meridians) manifests as shortness of breath, frequent coughing, and frequent diarrhea; if it transmits to Xinche (pulling pain in the heart) or Ge (obstruction/dysphagia), the condition worsens. Simultaneous disease of Er-Yang and Yi-Yin manifests primarily as fright, back pain, frequent belching, and yawning, named Fengjue (Wind Jue). Simultaneous disease of Er-Yin and Yi-Yang manifests as frequent abdominal distension, chest fullness, and frequent sighing. Simultaneous disease of San-Yang and San-Yin manifests as hemiplegia, interchange between flaccidity and ease of movement, and inability to move the limbs. A pulse beating strongly like a hook (surging) is called a Hook pulse; beating lightly and floating like a feather is called a Feather pulse; beating strong and tense is called a String-like pulse; beating deep, solid, and seemingly cut off is called a Stone pulse; Yin and Yang qi interweaving is called a Slipping pulse. If Yin contends internally and Yang disturbs externally, Po-han (profuse sweating) fails to consolidate, leading to Si-ni (cold extremities); rising from this state, the pathogenic heat steams the Lungs, causing wheezing and stridor. The harmonious state generated by Yin is called "Harmony." Therefore, when Rigidity meets Rigidity, Yang Qi is broken and scattered, and Yin Qi perishes. If too soft/watery, rigidity and flexibility are discordant, and Jing-Qi (Meridian Qi) severs. Diseases belonging to Dead Yin do not exceed three days before death; diseases belonging to Living Yang do not exceed four days before death. Regarding Living Yang and Dead Yin: Liver transmitting to Heart is Living Yang; Heart transmitting to Lung is Dead Yin; Lung transmitting to Kidney is Heavy Yin; Kidney transmitting to Spleen is Pi-Yin (Rebellious Yin); these are all untreatable deaths. Yang Qi knotting leads to swelling of the four limbs. Yin Qi knotting leads to blood in stool: first knotting causes one sheng of bleeding, second knotting two sheng, third knotting three sheng. Yin and Yang knotting with deviation, characterized by excess Yin and deficient Yang, is called Shi-Shui (Stone Water), presenting with lower abdominal swelling. Knotting of Er-Yang is called Xiao (Wasting-Thirst/Diabetes); knotting of San-Yang is called Ge (Obstruction/Dysphagia); knotting of San-Yin is called Shui (Edema/Water retention); knotting of Yi-Yin and Yi-Yang is called Hou-Bi (Throat Bi/Obstruction). Yin pulse beating forcefully and distinctly separate from Yang indicates pregnancy. Deficiency of both Yin and Yang leading to Chang-Pi (dysentery) results in death. Yang added to Yin indicates sweating. Yin deficiency with forceful Yang beating indicates Beng-Loose (metrorrhagia/heavy uterine bleeding). If all three Yin pulses beat forcefully, death occurs on the twentieth day at midnight. If all two Yin pulses beat forcefully, death occurs on the thirteenth day at dusk. If all one Yin pulse beats forcefully, death occurs in ten days. If all three Yang pulses beat forcefully and surge, death occurs in three days. If all three Yin and three Yang pulses beat forcefully, there is fullness in the heart and abdomen. If symptoms fully manifest along with difficult-to-disclose ailments, death occurs in five days. If both Er-Yang pulses beat forcefully, the disease is Wen-Bing (Warm Disease); it is untreatable and death occurs within ten days.
Annotations from *Yin-Yang Ying-Xiang Da Lun*: Zhang (sound similar to Chang zhen qie, refers to flesh protrusion); Shen-Xie (sound similar to suo jin qie); Xi (sound similar to xia xu ji qie); Yue-Yi (Yue sound similar to yi lie qie, Yi sound similar to wu jie qie); Neng-Dong (Neng sound similar to nu dai qie, following characters Neng-Xia, Xing-Neng are identical); Fang-Xiao (sound similar to fei liang qie); Bing-Yu (Bing sound similar to qu sheng); Yi (sound similar to yi fang zhe qie); Hua-Sè (Sè sound similar to yin se); Zi (sound similar to ji ci qie).
Annotations from *Yin-Yang Li-He Lun*: Yu (interchangeable with 'Yu', meaning to give).
Annotations from *Yin-Yang Bie Lun*: [Character] (sound similar to chuan, refers to gastrocnemius muscle); [Character] (sound similar to yuan, refers to pain); Nao (sound similar to tao, meaning water flowing to the sea).