《素问》云∶诸寒收引，皆属于肾。肾者，少阴也，少阴者，至阴也，至者，为极也。
少阴者，冬脉所旺，居北而属水，为寒，为归藏，为周密。寒中收引拘缩，寒之用也。其病上
下所生水液，澄澈冷清者不浊，其气寒冷，水谷不消化，吐利清冷，为病则如天气寒而水自
清也。
《素问》云∶太阳受寒，血凝为瘦。太阴受寒，气聚为疝。但脉急而寒之象也，急主于
痛，故紧急也。《内经》云∶数则为热，迟则为寒，诸阳为热，诸阴为寒，脉当迟缓，寒毒
内郁，洪数为热，所养心之脉也。寒气生清，水清就于湿，故以下利清白，此乃肠胃寒，化
物失常。热则壅涩不通。寒胜则火衰，火衰金旺，吐利腥秽，四肢逆冷，坚痞腹满，屈伸
不便，禁固战栗，谓阴水主之，舒卷不便，诊其脉沉伏而迟，病之证也。若身凉不渴而寒，
蜷足而卧，恶闻人声，不欲言，皆阴证也。
阴阳停则和，偏则病。如阳气暴绝，阴气独胜，则为寒证，阴气暴绝，阳气独胜，则为
热证。经曰∶阳胜阴虚，汗之而死，阴胜阳虚，下之而死。若阳实外热，阴虚内寒，阴实
内热，阴虚外寒，阳实伐其阳，当凉膈散、承气汤主之，阴实伐其阴，当白术散、四逆汤
主之。
论曰∶大凡治病，必求标本。受先者为本，次者为标，此为兼证。故知逆与从，正
行无问，知标本者，万举万当，
不知标本者，是谓妄行也。本病相传，先治其急。六气为本，三阴三阳为标，故病气为本，
受病经络脏腑谓之标也。
防风当归饮子 治脾肾真阴损虚，肝心风热郁甚，阳胜阴衰，邪气上逆，上实下虚，怯
弱不耐。或表热而身热恶寒，或里热而躁热烦渴，或邪热半在表半在里，进退出入不已，
而为寒热往来。或表多则恶寒，里多则发热。或表之阳分阳和，正气与邪相助，并甚于里，
蓄热极深而外无阳气，里热极甚，阳极似阴而寒战腹满烦渴者。或里之阴分不和，正气反
助邪气，并甚于表，则躁热烦渴而汗出也。或邪热壅塞者，或烦热痛者，或热结极甚，阳
气不通，而反觉冷痛。或中外热郁，烦躁甚，喜凉畏热者。或热极闷塞，不得宣通，阳极似
阴，中外喜热，而反畏寒者。或寒郁胸中而烦渴，热极甚而腹满不消者。或一切风热壅滞，
头目昏眩，暗风眼黑，偏正头疼，口干鼻塞，耳鸣及聋，咽嗌不利。或目赤肿痛，口疮舌痹。
或上气痰嗽，心胁郁痞，肠胃燥涩，小便溺淋 。或者皮肤瘙痒，手足麻痹。又或筋脉拘
急，肢体倦怠。或浑身肌肉跳动，心忪惊悸。或口眼 斜，语言謇涩。或狂妄昏惑，健忘失
志。及或肠胃燥热怫郁，而饥不欲食，或湿热内余，而消谷善饥，然能食而反瘦弱。或误服燥
热毒药，及妄食热物过多，而耗损脾肾，则风热郁甚，而多有如此，不必全见也。无问自
病及中燥热毒药所使者，并宜宣通气血，调顺饮食。久服之旧病除去，新病不生。设虚人常
服，补益功验，自可知矣。
当归 大黄 柴胡 人参 黄芩 甘草（炙） 芍药（各一两） 滑石（六两）
上停每服三钱至五钱，水一大盏，生姜三片，同煎至七分，去滓，温服。
双芝丸 补精气，填骨髓，壮筋骨，助五脏，调六腑。久服注颜不老。
熟干地黄（焙，取末） 石斛（去根，酒炙） 五味子（焙） 黄 （锉） 肉苁蓉（酒浸）
牛膝（酒浸） 杜仲（蜜水浸，炮） 菟丝子（酒浸三日，炒） 麋鹿角霜（半斤） 沉香（三
钱） 麝香（二钱，研） 人参 白茯苓（去皮） 覆盆子 干山药 木瓜 天麻（酒浸） 秦艽
（以上各一两） 薏苡仁（二两，炒）
上为末，炼蜜为丸，如桐子大，每服二十丸至三四十丸，温酒下，盐汤、米饮亦可。
凡年五十以上，加入黑附子（以青盐汤蘸，泡）、鹿角二大对（去顶三指）、硫黄半斤（浑用）。
以上用些油，釜中以水同煮，令微沸，勿太急甚，水耗，只旋添温水，须用水以备添也。炼令角胶汁
出尽，其角如霜，以手捻如腻纷，乃盛之。取用，勿令秽污也。
内固丹 补养肾气，调和脾脏。寿高者常服，筋骨劲健，浑如壮士。
肉苁蓉（酒浸） 茴香（炒。各一两） 破故纸 胡芦巴（炒） 巴戟（去心） 黑附子（炮）
川楝子 胡桃仁（面炒。各四两）
上为末，研胡桃仁为膏，余药末和匀，酒、面糊为丸，如桐子大，每服十丸至三十丸，温酒、盐
汤下，食前。虚者加至五七十丸。
此药明目补肾乌发，进美食，空心。
大补丸 治男子脾肾不足，不问久新者。
陈韭子 拣萝卜子（以上炒） 蕤仁（去皮。各半两） 穿山甲（七片，用酒炙） 麝香（少许）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如樱桃大，每服一丸，温酒送下，食前空心。
蛤蚧散 治脾胃气攻心刺痛者。
蛤蚧（一对，酒炙） 乳香 木香 白茯苓（去皮） 丁香 茴香（各一钱） 穿山甲（二钱，酒炙）
上为细末，每服一钱，好温酒调下，空心食前。
金 丹 治男子本脏虚冷，夜梦鬼交者。
龙骨（水飞） 菟丝子（各一两） 破故纸 韭子 泽泻 牡蛎（各半两） 麝香（少许）
上为末，酒面糊为丸，如桐子大，每服三十丸，温酒下，空心食前，日三服。
调中丸 治脾胃虚，止呕吐，宽利胸膈。
青皮 红皮（各一两） 大黄（二两） 牵牛（三两）
上为细末，滴水和丸，如桐子大，每服三二十丸，温水下，空心食前。
水中金丹 治元脏气虚不足，梦寐阴人，走失精气。
阳起石（研） 木香 乳香（研） 青盐（各二分） 茴香（炒） 骨碎补（炒） 杜仲（去皮，
生姜汁炙丝尽。各半两） 白龙骨（一两，紧者，捶碎，绢袋盛，大豆蒸熟，取出，焙干） 黄犬肾
（一对，酒一升，煮熟，切作片子，焙，入白茯苓一两，与肾为末）
上为细末，酒、面糊和丸，如皂子大，每服二丸，温酒下，空心。忌房室。
和气地黄汤 治沉积气结不散，调养营卫，补顺阴阳。常服以代汤茶酒果。
木香（一字） 拣桂（去皮） 茯苓（去皮） 白芥子（炒香。各一钱） 白术 干山药 川芎
当归（焙。各一分） 桂花 缩砂仁（各半钱） 甘草（半两，炙）
上为细末，入麝香少许，研匀，用数重油纸或瓷器内密封起。每用，蜜二斤、饧饴一斤，温好
甜水五升，化匀开，抄前药，并杏仁十枚、（去皮尖，洗净，炒香焦，捶碎）湿地黄根长约寸许，
（切，取汁半盏） 温服。
白术调中汤 治中寒，痞闷急痛，寒湿相搏，吐泻腹痛，上下所出水液，澄澈清冷，谷不化，
小便清白不涩，身凉不渴，本末不经有见阳热证，其脉迟者是也。此因饮食冷物过多，阴胜阳衰，
而为寒也。或冷热相击，而反阳气怫郁，不能宣散，怫热内作，以成热证者，不可亦言为冷。当以
脉证别之。夫湿热吐泻，常见阳脉，若亡液气虚，亦能反见诸阴脉也，当以标本之不同别之。或热
证误服此白术调中汤，温药也能开发，阳气宣通而愈，别无加害。无问久新，并宜服之。或有口疮
目疾孕妇等吐泻者，以畏干姜、官桂，不服。
白术 茯苓（去皮） 红皮（去白） 泽泻（各半两） 干姜（炮） 官桂（去皮） 缩砂仁
藿香（各一分） 甘草（一两）
上为末，白汤化蜜少许，调下三钱，每日三服。
炼蜜和就，每两作十丸，名白术调中丸。小儿一服分三服。
人参白术散 此方证同调中汤。
人参 白术 茯苓 甘草 橘皮 葛根 泽泻 滑石 霍香（各等分）
上为末，每服三钱，水一盏，煎至六分，温服。妊妇加苍术三五片，热服。
白术散 治伤寒下后余热，以药下之太过，胃中虚热，饮水无力也。当生胃中津液，多服此药。
人参 白术 木香 白茯苓 甘草（锉，炙） 藿香叶 干葛（锉。各一两）
上为末，每服一钱至二钱，水一盏，煎至五分，温服。如饮水者，多煎与之，无时也。
丁香附子散 治脾胃虚弱，胸膈痞结，吐逆不止。
附子（一两） 母丁香（四十九个） 生姜（半斤，取自然汁半碗）
上用附子 孔四十九，以丁香HT 上而填内，将生姜汁用文武火熬尽，又用大萝卜一个，取一穴
子，入附子，又填内，将萝卜盖之，又用文武桑柴火烧，香熟为度。取出，切附子作片子，焙干，
捣为细末。每服一钱，米汤一盏调下，日进三服。
何首乌丸 治男子元脏虚损，填精，发白再黑。
何首乌（半斤） 肉苁蓉（六两） 牛膝（四两）
上将何首乌半斤，用枣一层隔何首乌，甑内蒸枣软用，切、焙，同为末，枣肉和丸，如桐子大，
每服五七丸，嚼马楝子服，酒送，食前，一服加一丸，日三服。至四十丸即止，却减丸数。效如神，妙！
煨肾丸 治男子腰膝痛，夜多小便者。
川楝子 马楝花 破故纸 胡芦巴 茴香（炒。各等分）
上除茴香外，四味酒浸，同为末，煮面糊为丸，如桐子大，每服十丸至二十丸，温酒下，空心食前。
神仙楮实丸 治积冷气冲心胸及背，有蛔虫疼痛，痔 癖气块，心腹胀满，两肋气急，食
不消化，上逆气奔于心，并疝气下坠，饮食不得，吐水呕逆，上气咳嗽，眼花少力，心虚健忘，冷
风遍风等疾。坐则思睡，起则头眩，男子冷气，腰痛膝痛，冷痹风顽，阴汗盗汗，夜多小便，泄利，
阳道衰弱，妇人月水不通，小便冷痛，赤白带下，一切冷疾，无问大小。能明目，益力轻身，补髓益精。
楮实子（一升，涮去泥，微炒） 官桂（四两，去皮） 牛膝（半斤，酒浸三日）
干姜（三两，炮）
上为末，酒、面糊为丸，如桐子大，每服二十丸，温酒，空心食前，盐汤亦得。
补中丸 治一切气疾，肚腹凉痛，呕吐气逆，不思饮食者。
浓朴（生姜炙香） 干姜（炮） 源木 白茯苓（去皮） 人参 甘草（炙用。各等分）
上为末，炼蜜为丸，如樱桃大，每服一丸，空心，白汤化下，细嚼亦得。
荜澄茄丸 治中焦痞塞，气逆上攻，心腹 痛，吐逆。美饮食。
荜澄茄（半两） 良姜（二两） 神曲（炒） 青皮（去白） 官桂（去皮。各一两）
阿魏（半两，醋面裹，煨熟）
上为末，醋面糊为丸，如桐子大，每服二十丸，生姜汤下，不计时候。
《素问》说：各种寒邪导致的筋脉收缩牵引，都归属于肾。肾，属于少阴经；少阴，是至阴（极致的阴）；“至”的意思是极点。
少阴经，是冬季脉气旺盛的经脉，位居北方而属水，性质为寒，主归藏，主周密。寒邪导致筋脉收缩牵引拘挛，这是寒邪的作用特性。其病症表现为上下产生的水液，清澈寒冷而不浑浊，气息寒冷，水谷不能消化，呕吐和腹泻物清冷，生病时的状态就像天气寒冷时水自然变清一样。
《素问》说：太阳经受寒，血液凝滞形成瘦（此处指积聚或肿块）。太阴经受寒，气机聚结形成疝。这都是脉象紧急且呈现寒象的表现，紧急主痛，所以感到疼痛紧急。《内经》说：脉数则为热，脉迟则为寒，诸阳经病变多为热，诸阴经病变多为寒，脉象应当迟缓，若寒毒内郁，脉象洪数则为热，这是滋养心脏的脉象特征。寒气产生清冷，水清则趋向于湿，所以下利清白，这是因为肠胃寒凉，化物功能失常。热邪则会导致壅滞涩滞不通。寒邪胜则火衰，火衰则金旺，出现呕吐腹泻腥秽之物，四肢逆冷，腹部坚硬痞满胀大，屈伸不便，禁固战栗，这由阴水主司，舒展卷曲不便，诊察其脉象沉伏而迟，这是病的证候。如果身体凉爽不渴且怕冷，蜷缩双脚而卧，厌恶听到人声，不想说话，这些都是阴证。
阴阳平衡则调和，偏盛则生病。如阳气突然衰竭，阴气独盛，则为寒证；阴气突然衰竭，阳气独盛，则为热证。经书说：阳胜阴虚，用发汗法治疗会致死；阴胜阳虚，用泻下法治疗会致死。如果是阳实外热，阴虚内寒，阴实内热，阴虚外寒，阳实损伤其阳，应当用凉膈散、承气汤主治；阴实损伤其阴，应当用白术散、四逆汤主治。
论述说：大凡治病，必须探究本标。先受病者为本，后传变者为标，这称为兼证。所以知道逆治与从治，正行无问，知道本标的，万举万当；不知道本标的，这叫妄行。本病相传，先治其急症。六气为本，三阴三阳为标，所以病气是本，受病的经络脏腑称为标。
防风当归饮子：治疗脾肾真阴亏损虚弱，肝心风热郁结严重，阳胜阴衰，邪气上逆，上实下虚，怯弱不耐受。或者表热而身热恶寒，或者里热而躁热烦渴，或者邪热半在表半在里，进退出入不已，从而出现寒热往来。或者表证多则恶寒，里证多则发热。或者表的阳分阳和，正气与邪气相助，并甚于里，蓄热极深而外无阳气，里热极甚，阳极似阴而寒战腹满烦渴者。或者里的阴分不和，正气反而助长邪气，并甚于表，则躁热烦渴而汗出。或者邪热壅塞者，或者烦热痛者，或者热结极甚，阳气不通，反而觉得冷痛。或者内外热郁，烦躁严重，喜凉畏热者。或者热极闷塞，不得宣通，阳极似阴，内外喜热，反而畏寒者。或者寒郁胸中而烦渴，热极甚而腹满不消者。或者一切风热壅滞，头目昏眩，暗风眼黑，偏正头疼，口干鼻塞，耳鸣及聋，咽喉不利。或者目赤肿痛，口疮舌痹。或者上气痰嗽，心胁郁痞，肠胃燥涩，小便淋沥。或者皮肤瘙痒，手足麻痹。又或者筋脉拘急，肢体倦怠。或者浑身肌肉跳动，心慌惊悸。或者口眼歪斜，语言謇涩。或者狂妄昏惑，健忘失志。以及或者肠胃燥热怫郁，而饥饿不想吃东西，或者湿热内余，而消谷善饥，然而能吃却反而瘦弱。或者误服燥热毒药，以及妄食热物过多，而耗损脾肾，则风热郁结严重，而多有如此症状，不必全部见到。不问是自病还是因服用燥热毒药所致，都适宜宣通气血，调顺饮食。久服之旧病除去，新病不生。假设虚人常服，补益功效验证，自然可知了。
药材：当归、大黄、柴胡、人参、黄芩、甘草（炙）、芍药（各一两）；滑石（六两）。
用法：每次服用三钱至五钱，水一大盏，生姜三片，同煎至七分，去渣，温服。
双芝丸：补精气，填骨髓，壮筋骨，助五脏，调六腑。久服容颜不老。
药材：熟干地黄（焙，取末）、石斛（去根，酒炙）、五味子（焙）、黄芪（锉）、肉苁蓉（酒浸）、牛膝（酒浸）、杜仲（蜜水浸，炮）、菟丝子（酒浸三日，炒）、麋鹿角霜（半斤）、沉香（三钱）、麝香（二钱，研）、人参、白茯苓（去皮）、覆盆子、干山药、木瓜、天麻（酒浸）、秦艽（以上各一两）；薏苡仁（二两，炒）。
用法：以上为末，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸至三四十丸，温酒送下，盐汤、米饮也可。
凡年五十以上，加入黑附子（以青盐汤蘸，泡）、鹿角二大对（去顶三指）、硫黄半斤（浑用）。以上用药少许油，釜中以水同煮，令微沸，勿太急甚，水耗，只旋添温水，须用水以备添也。炼令角胶汁出尽，其角如霜，以手捻如腻纷，乃盛之。取用，勿令秽污也。
内固丹：补养肾气，调和脾脏。长寿者常服，筋骨劲健，浑如壮士。
药材：肉苁蓉（酒浸）、茴香（炒。各一两）、破故纸、胡芦巴（炒）、巴戟（去心）、黑附子（炮）、川楝子、胡桃仁（面炒。各四两）。
用法：以上为末，研胡桃仁为膏，余药末和匀，酒、面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服十丸至三十丸，温酒、盐汤下，食前。虚者加至五七十丸。
此药明目补肾乌发，进美食，空心。
大补丸：治疗男子脾肾不足，不问久新者。
药材：陈韭子、拣萝卜子（以上炒）、蕤仁（去皮。各半两）、穿山甲（七片，用酒炙）、麝香（少许）。
用法：以上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如樱桃大，每服一丸，温酒送下，食前空心。
蛤蚧散：治疗脾胃气攻心刺痛者。
药材：蛤蚧（一对，酒炙）、乳香、木香、白茯苓（去皮）、丁香、茴香（各一钱）、穿山甲（二钱，酒炙）。
用法：以上为细末，每服一钱，好温酒调下，空心食前。
金丹：治疗男子本脏虚冷，夜梦鬼交者。
药材：龙骨（水飞）、菟丝子（各一两）、破故纸、韭子、泽泻、牡蛎（各半两）、麝香（少许）。
用法：以上为末，酒面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服三十丸，温酒下，空心食前，日三服。
调中丸：治疗脾胃虚，止呕吐，宽利胸膈。
药材：青皮、红皮（各一两）、大黄（二两）、牵牛（三两）。
用法：以上为细末，滴水和丸，如梧桐子大，每服三二十丸，温水下，空心食前。
水中金丹：治疗元脏气虚不足，梦寐阴人，走失精气。
药材：阳起石（研）、木香、乳香（研）、青盐（各二分）、茴香（炒）、骨碎补（炒）、杜仲（去皮，生姜汁炙丝尽。各半两）、白龙骨（一两，紧者，捶碎，绢袋盛，大豆蒸熟，取出，焙干）、黄犬肾（一对，酒一升，煮熟，切作片子，焙，入白茯苓一两，与肾为末）。
用法：以上为细末，酒、面糊和丸，如皂子大，每服二丸，温酒下，空心。忌房室。
和气地黄汤：治疗沉积气结不散，调养营卫，补顺阴阳。常服以代汤茶酒果。
药材：木香（一字）、拣桂（去皮）、茯苓（去皮）、白芥子（炒香。各一钱）、白术、干山药、川芎、当归（焙。各一分）、桂花、缩砂仁（各半钱）、甘草（半两，炙）。
用法：以上为细末，入麝香少许，研匀，用数重油纸或瓷器内密封起。每用，蜜二斤、饧饴一斤，温好甜水五升，化匀开，抄前药，并杏仁十枚、（去皮尖，洗净，炒香焦，捶碎）湿地黄根长约寸许，（切，取汁半盏）温服。
白术调中汤：治疗中寒，痞闷急痛，寒湿相搏，吐泻腹痛，上下所出水液，澄澈清冷，谷不化，小便清白不涩，身凉不渴，本末不经有见阳热证，其脉迟者是也。此因饮食冷物过多，阴胜阳衰，而为寒也。或冷热相击，而反阳气怫郁，不能宣散，怫热内作，以成热证者，不可亦言为冷。当以脉证别之。夫湿热吐泻，常见阳脉，若亡液气虚，亦能反见诸阴脉也，当以标本之不同别之。或热证误服此白术调中汤，温药也能开发，阳气宣通而愈，别无加害。无问久新，并宜服之。或有口疮目疾孕妇等吐泻者，以畏干姜、官桂，不服。
药材：白术、茯苓（去皮）、红皮（去白）、泽泻（各半两）、干姜（炮）、官桂（去皮）、缩砂仁、藿香（各一分）、甘草（一两）。
用法：以上为末，白汤化蜜少许，调下三钱，每日三服。
炼蜜和就，每两作十丸，名白术调中丸。小儿一服分三服。
人参白术散：此方证同调中汤。
药材：人参、白术、茯苓、甘草、橘皮、葛根、泽泻、滑石、霍香（各等分）。
用法：以上为末，每服三钱，水一盏，煎至六分，温服。妊妇加苍术三五片，热服。
白术散：治疗伤寒下后余热，以药下之太过，胃中虚热，饮水无力也。当生胃中津液，多服此药。
药材：人参、白术、木香、白茯苓、甘草（锉，炙）、藿香叶、干葛（锉。各一两）。
用法：以上为末，每服一钱至二钱，水一盏，煎至五分，温服。如饮水者，多煎与之，无时也。
丁香附子散：治疗脾胃虚弱，胸膈痞结，吐逆不止。
药材：附子（一两）、母丁香（四十九个）、生姜（半斤，取自然汁半碗）。
用法：上用附子孔四十九，以丁香填入上而填内，将生姜汁用文武火熬尽，又用大萝卜一个，取一穴子，入附子，又填内，将萝卜盖之，又用文武桑柴火烧，香熟为度。取出，切附子作片子，焙干，捣为细末。每服一钱，米汤一盏调下，日进三服。
何首乌丸：治疗男子元脏虚损，填精，发白再黑。
药材：何首乌（半斤）、肉苁蓉（六两）、牛膝（四两）。
用法：上将何首乌半斤，用枣一层隔何首乌，甑内蒸枣软用，切、焙，同为末，枣肉和丸，如梧桐子大，每服五七丸，嚼马楝子服，酒送，食前，一服加一丸，日三服。至四十丸即止，却减丸数。效如神，妙！
煨肾丸：治疗男子腰膝痛，夜多小便者。
药材：川楝子、马楝花、破故纸、胡芦巴、茴香（炒。各等分）。
用法：上除茴香外，四味酒浸，同为末，煮面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服十丸至二十丸，温酒下，空心食前。
神仙楮实丸：治疗积冷气冲心胸及背，有蛔虫疼痛，痔癖气块，心腹胀满，两肋气急，食不消化，上逆气奔于心，并疝气下坠，饮食不得，吐水呕逆，上气咳嗽，眼花少力，心虚健忘，冷风遍风等疾。坐则思睡，起则头眩，男子冷气，腰痛膝痛，冷痹风顽，阴汗盗汗，夜多小便，泄利，阳道衰弱，妇人月水不通，小便冷痛，赤白带下，一切冷疾，无问大小。能明目，益力轻身，补髓益精。
药材：楮实子（一升，涮去泥，微炒）、官桂（四两，去皮）、牛膝（半斤，酒浸三日）、干姜（三两，炮）。
用法：以上为末，酒、面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，温酒，空心食前，盐汤亦得。
补中丸：治疗一切气疾，肚腹凉痛，呕吐气逆，不思饮食者。
药材：浓朴（生姜炙香）、干姜（炮）、源木、白茯苓（去皮）、人参、甘草（炙用。各等分）。
用法：以上为末，炼蜜为丸，如樱桃大，每服一丸，空心，白汤化下，细嚼亦得。
荜澄茄丸：治疗中焦痞塞，气逆上攻，心腹痛，吐逆。美饮食。
药材：荜澄茄（半两）、良姜（二两）、神曲（炒）、青皮（去白）、官桂（去皮。各一两）、阿魏（半两，醋面裹，煨熟）。
用法：以上为末，醋面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，生姜汤下，不计时候。
*Suwen* states: All conditions of cold causing contraction and pulling belong to the Kidney. The Kidney belongs to the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) channel; Shaoyin is Zhiyin (Extreme Yin); "Zhi" means extreme.
Shaoyin is the pulse flourishing in winter, located in the North and belonging to Water, characterized by Cold, storage, and secrecy. Cold causing contraction and cramping is the function of Cold. Its pathological manifestations include fluids produced above and below that are clear, cold, and not turbid; the Qi is cold; food and water are not digested; vomiting and diarrhea are clear and cold. The state of illness is like water naturally becoming clear when the weather is cold.
*Suwen* states: When the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel receives Cold, blood coagulates forming masses. When the Taiyin (Greater Yin) channel receives Cold, Qi gathers forming hernias. These are signs of urgent pulses and Cold images; urgency governs pain, hence the feeling of urgent pain. *Neijing* states: Frequent pulse indicates Heat, slow pulse indicates Cold; all Yang channels relate to Heat, all Yin channels relate to Cold. The pulse should be slow; if Cold toxins are internally constrained, a flooding and rapid pulse indicates Heat, which nourishes the Heart's pulse. Cold generates clarity/coldness; clear water tends towards dampness, hence lower discharge of clear white stool. This is due to intestinal and stomach coldness, where transformation functions fail. Heat causes obstruction and stagnation. When Cold prevails, Fire declines; when Fire declines, Metal prospers, leading to vomiting and diarrhea with foul smells, cold limbs, abdominal hardness and fullness, difficulty bending and stretching, rigidity and shivering. This is governed by Yin Water. Difficulty in舒展 and curling, diagnosed by a deep, hidden, and slow pulse, are signs of disease. If the body is cool, non-thirsty, and afraid of cold, lying curled up, disliking human voices, and unwilling to speak, these are all Yin syndromes.
When Yin and Yang are balanced, there is harmony; when biased, there is disease. If Yang Qi suddenly fails and Yin Qi alone prevails, it is a Cold syndrome; if Yin Qi suddenly fails and Yang Qi alone prevails, it is a Heat syndrome. The classics state: If Yang prevails and Yin is deficient, sweating will cause death; if Yin prevails and Yang is deficient, purging will cause death. If there is Yang excess with external heat and Yin deficiency with internal cold, or Yin excess with internal heat and Yang deficiency with external cold, and Yang excess damages Yang, Liangge San (Cool the Chest Powder) and Chengqi Tang (Chengqi Decoction) should be used. If Yin excess damages Yin, Baizhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) and Sini Tang (Recover the Prostrate Decoction) should be used.
It is said: In treating diseases, one must seek the root and branch. The initially affected is the root, the subsequently affected is the branch; this is called a combined syndrome. Knowing reversal and compliance treatment ensures success without doubt; knowing root and branch makes every action successful; not knowing root and branch is called reckless action. When root diseases transmit, treat the acute condition first. The Six Qi are the root, the Three Yin and Three Yang are the branch; thus, pathogenic Qi is the root, and the affected meridians and zang-fu organs are the branch.
Fangfeng Danggui Yin (Saposhnikovia and Angelica Decoction): Treats damage and deficiency of true Yin in the Spleen and Kidney, severe depression of Liver-Heart Wind-Heat, Yang prevailing over Yin deficiency, rebellious pathogenic Qi, upper excess and lower deficiency, weakness and intolerance. Or external heat with body heat and aversion to cold, or internal heat with restlessness, heat, irritability, and thirst, or pathogenic heat half in the exterior and half in the interior, alternating entry and exit, leading to alternating chills and fever. Or more exterior symptoms causing aversion to cold, more interior symptoms causing fever. Or Yang harmony in the exterior, where righteous Qi assists pathogenic Qi, intensifying in the interior, accumulating deep heat with no external Yang Qi, extreme internal heat, extreme Yang resembling Yin with chills, abdominal fullness, irritability, and thirst. Or disharmony in the interior Yin, where righteous Qi反而 assists pathogenic Qi, intensifying in the exterior, leading to restlessness, heat, irritability, thirst, and sweating. Or pathogenic heat obstruction, or irritability and pain from heat, or extreme heat binding with blocked Yang Qi feeling cold pain. Or internal and external heat depression with severe irritability, liking coolness and fearing heat. Or extreme heat stuffiness without free flow, extreme Yang resembling Yin, liking heat internally and externally but fearing cold. Or Cold depression in the chest with irritability and thirst, extreme heat with unrelieved abdominal fullness. Or all Wind-Heat stagnation, dizziness and vertigo of head and eyes, dark wind with black vision, lateral and frontal headaches, dry mouth and nasal congestion, tinnitus and deafness, throat discomfort. Or red and swollen painful eyes, mouth sores and tongue numbness. Or upward Qi with phlegm cough, depression and fullness in heart and hypochondrium, dry and rough intestines and stomach, dysuria. Or skin itching, numbness of hands and feet. Or tendon and vessel cramping, limb fatigue. Or whole-body muscle twitching, palpitations and fright. Or deviation of mouth and eyes, slurred speech. Or madness, confusion, forgetfulness, and loss of will. Or intestinal and stomach dry heat depression, hunger without desire to eat, or internal damp-heat with digestion of food and good appetite, yet eating leads to thinness and weakness. Or mistakenly taking dry-hot toxic drugs, or eating too much hot food, damaging Spleen and Kidney, leading to severe Wind-Heat depression with such symptoms, not necessarily all present. Whether self-disease or caused by dry-hot toxic drugs, all should promote Qi and Blood circulation and regulate diet. Long-term use removes old diseases and prevents new ones. For deficient persons, long-term use proves its tonifying efficacy.
Herbs: Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma [roasted]), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) (each 1 liang); Huashi (Talcum [6 liangs]).
Usage: Take 3 to 5 qian per dose, add 1 large cup of water and 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct until 70% remains, remove dregs, and take warm.
Shuangzhi Wan (Double Mushroom Pill): Tonifies Essence and Qi, fills marrow, strengthens sinews and bones, assists the Five Zang, regulates the Six Fu. Long-term use keeps the face youthful.
Herbs: Shugan Dihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix [baked, powdered], Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis [root removed, wine-roasted], Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus [baked], Huangqi (Astragali Radix [cut], Roucongrong (Cistanche Deserticola [wine-soaked], Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix [wine-soaked], Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex [honey-water soaked, roasted], Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen [wine-soaked for 3 days, roasted], Milujiaoshuang (Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum [half jin], Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum [3 qian], Shexiang (Moschus [2 qian, ground], Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baifuling (Poria [skin removed], Fupenzi (Rubiae Fructus), Ganshashen (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma [wine-soaked], Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) (each 1 liang above); Yiyiren (Coicis Semen [2 liangs, roasted]).
Usage: Grind into powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 to 30-40 pills per dose with warm wine, salt water, or rice drink.
For those over 50 years old, add Heifuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata [dipped in green salt water, soaked]), two large pairs of Lu Jiao (Cornu Cervi [top three fingers removed]), and Banjin of Huanghuang (Sulfur). Boil these with a little oil in a pot with water until simmering, do not boil too vigorously. Add warm water as needed. Boil until horn glue juice is fully extracted, the horn becomes like frost, and can be crushed between fingers like soft powder. Store properly, keeping it clean.
Neigu Dan (Inner Solidification Pill): Tonifies Kidney Qi, harmonizes the Spleen. Those living long who take it regularly have strong sinews and bones, like strong men.
Herbs: Roucongrong (Cistanche Deserticola [wine-soaked], Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus [roasted, each 1 liang], Poguzhi (Dodartae Semen), Huluba (Trigonellae Semen [roasted], Bajitian (Morinda Officinalis Radix [heart removed], Heifuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata [roasted], Chuanlianzi (Meliae Fructus), Hutao Ren (Juglandis Semen [flour-roasted, each 4 liangs]).
Usage: Grind into powder, grind Hutao Ren into paste, mix with other powders, form pills with wine and flour paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 10 to 30 pills per dose with warm wine or salt water before meals. Deficient patients increase to 50-70 pills.
This medicine brightens eyes, tonifies Kidneys, darkens hair, promotes appetite, taken on an empty stomach.
Da Bu Wan (Great Tonification Pill): Treats insufficiency of Spleen and Kidney in men, regardless of duration.
Herbs: Chenjiuzi (Allii Tuberosi Semen [aged], Jianluobozhongzi (Lepidii Semen [selected, both roasted], Ruiren (Buckwheat Seed [skin removed, each half liang], Chuanshanjia (Manis Squama [7 slices, wine-roasted], Shexiang (Moschus [a little]).
Usage: Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of cherries. Take one pill per dose with warm wine before meals on an empty stomach.
Gejie San (Gecko Powder): Treats stabbing pain in the heart caused by Stomach-Spleen Qi attacking.
Herbs: Gejie (Gekko Gecko [one pair, wine-roasted], Ruxiang (Olibanum), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Baifuling (Poria [skin removed], Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus) (each 1 qian), Chuanshanjia (Manis Squama [2 qian, wine-roasted]).
Usage: Grind into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose mixed with good warm wine before meals on an empty stomach.
Jin Dan (Golden Pill): Treats cold deficiency of the original organ in men, dreaming of sexual intercourse with ghosts at night.
Herbs: Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi et Scapulae [water-flown], Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (each 1 liang), Poguzhi (Dodartae Semen), Jiuzi (Allii Tuberosi Semen), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Muli (Concha Ostreae) (each half liang), Shexiang (Moschus [a little]).
Usage: Grind into powder, form pills with wine and flour paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose with warm wine before meals on an empty stomach, three times daily.
Tiao Zhong Wan (Regulate Middle Pill): Treats Spleen-Stomach deficiency, stops vomiting, relieves chest and diaphragm oppression.
Herbs: Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Hongpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium [each 1 liang]), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma [2 liangs]), Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen [3 liangs]).
Usage: Grind into fine powder, mix with drops of water to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30-20 pills per dose with warm water before meals on an empty stomach.
Shui Zhong Jin Dan (Golden Pill in Water): Treats insufficiency of Yuan Zang Qi, dreaming of women, loss of Essence and Qi.
Herbs: Yangqishi (Stibnite [ground], Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Ruxiang (Olibanum [ground]), Qingyan (Halitum [each 2 fen], Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus [roasted], Gusuibu (Drynariae Rhizoma [roasted], Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex [skin removed, roasted with ginger juice until silk threads gone, each half liang], Bailonggu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi et Scapulae [1 liang, tight pieces, smashed, placed in silk bag, steamed with soybeans until cooked, taken out, baked dry]), Huangquanshen (Canis Kidney [one pair, boiled in 1 sheng of wine, sliced, baked, mixed with 1 liang of Baifuling, ground together]).
Usage: Grind into fine powder, form pills with wine and flour paste, size of soap beans. Take 2 pills per dose with warm wine on an empty stomach. Avoid sexual activity.
Heqi Dihuang Tang (Harmonizing Qi and Rehmannia Decoction): Treats stagnant Qi knotting and not dispersing, nourishes Ying and Wei, supplements and smooths Yin and Yang. Often taken instead of soup, tea, wine, and fruits.
Herbs: Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix [one character]), Jian Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus [skin removed], Fuling (Poria [skin removed], Baijiezhi (Sinapis Albae Semen [roasted fragrant, each 1 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Ganshashen (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix [baked, each 1 fen], Guihua (Osmanthi Fragrans Flos), Suasharen (Amomi Fructus Rotundus [each half qian]), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma [half liang, roasted]).
Usage: Grind into fine powder, add a little Shexiang (Moschus), grind evenly, seal tightly in multiple layers of oiled paper or porcelain. Each time using, melt 2 jin of honey, 1 jin of maltose, and 5 sheng of warm sweet water, mix well, add the previous herbs, plus 10 Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum [skin and tip removed, washed, roasted until fragrant and burnt, crushed]), and wet Dihuanggen (Rehmanniae Radix [about 1 cun long, cut, extract half cup of juice]). Take warm.
Baizhu Tiao Zhong Tang (Atractylodes Regulating Middle Decoction): Treats middle cold, oppression and urgent pain, cold-damp interaction, vomiting/diarrhea with abdominal pain, clear and cold fluids above and below, undigested grain, clear white urine without astringency, cool body without thirst, no Yang-Heat signs in root or branch, slow pulse. This is due to excessive consumption of cold foods, Yin prevailing over Yang decline, resulting in Cold. Or cold and heat striking each other, causing Yang Qi depression, unable to disperse, internal depression-heat forming Heat syndrome, cannot be called cold. Differentiate by pulse and signs. Damp-heat vomiting/diarrhea usually shows Yang pulses; if fluid loss and Qi deficiency occur, Yin pulses may appear. Differentiate by root and branch differences. Even if Heat syndrome mistakenly takes this Baizhu Tiao Zhong Tang, warm medicines can also open and disperse, promoting Yang Qi flow and recovery, without harm. Regardless of duration, it is suitable. However, pregnant women with mouth sores, eye diseases, etc., who vomit/diary, should not take it due to fear of Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Guigui (Cinnamomi Ramulus).
Herbs: Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria [skin removed]), Hongpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium [white part removed]), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (each half liang), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma [roasted]), Guigui (Cinnamomi Ramulus [skin removed]), Suasharen (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba) (each 1 fen), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma [1 liang]).
Usage: Grind into powder, dissolve a little honey in white water, mix and take 3 qian, three times daily.
Mix with refined honey, make 10 pills per liang, named Baizhu Tiao Zhong Wan. Children divide one dose into three parts.
Renshen Baizhu San (Ginseng and Atractylodes Powder): This formula treats the same syndromes as Tiao Zhong Tang.
Herbs: Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Huashi (Talcum), Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba) (equal parts).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1 cup of water, decoct until 60% remains, take warm. Pregnant women add 3-5 slices of Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), take hot.
Baizhu San (Atractylodes Powder): Treats residual heat after purgation in Shanghan, excessive purging causing Stomach deficiency-heat, inability to hold water. Should generate Stomach fluids, take this medicine frequently.
Herbs: Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Baifuling (Poria), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma [cut, roasted], Huoxiangye (Agastaches Folium), Gange (Puerariae Radix [cut, each 1 liang]).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 1 to 2 qian per dose, add 1 cup of water, decoct until 50% remains, take warm. If drinking water, decoct more and give it, no fixed time.
Dingxiang Fuzi San (Clove and Aconite Powder): Treats Spleen-Stomach weakness, chest/diaphragm oppression, continuous vomiting.
Herbs: Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata [1 liang], Mu Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos [49 pieces], Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens [half jin, extract half bowl of natural juice]).
Usage: Make 49 holes in Fuzi, insert Mu Dingxiang into holes and fill inside. Simmer Shengjiang juice with gentle fire until dry. Take one large radish, make a hole, insert Fuzi, fill again, cover with radish top. Burn with gentle mulberry/wood fire until fragrant and cooked. Take out, slice Fuzi, bake dry, grind into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose mixed with 1 cup of rice soup, three times daily.
Heshouwu Wan (Polygoni Multiflori Pill): Treats Yuan Zang deficiency in men, fills Essence, turns white hair black again.
Herbs: Heshouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix [half jin], Roucongrong (Cistanche Deserticola [6 liangs], Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix [4 liangs]).
Usage: Take half jin Heshouwu, layer with dates, steam in steamer until dates are soft. Slice, bake, grind together into powder, mix with date pulp to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 5-7 pills per dose, chew Mazelianzi (Meliae Semen), swallow with wine, before meals. Increase by one pill per dose, three times daily. Stop at 40 pills, then reduce number. Effect is miraculous!
Weishen Wan (Roasted Kidney Pill): Treats knee and waist pain in men, frequent urination at night.
Herbs: Chuanlianzi (Meliae Fructus), Mazelianhua (Meliae Flos), Poguzhi (Dodartae Semen), Huluba (Trigonellae Semen), Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus [roasted, equal parts]).
Usage: Soak four ingredients (except Huixiang) in wine, grind together into powder, cook flour paste to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 10-20 pills per dose with warm wine before meals on an empty stomach.
Shenxian Chushi Wan (Immortal Torreya Pill): Treats accumulated Cold Qi rushing to chest/heart and back, roundworm pain, hemorrhoids, masses, abdominal fullness, rib Qi urgency, indigestion, rebellious Qi rushing to heart, hernia dropping, inability to eat, vomiting water, coughing, blurred vision, weakness, heart deficiency forgetfulness, cold wind paralysis, etc. Sleeping while sitting, dizziness upon standing, male cold Qi, waist/knee pain, cold bi paralysis, yin sweat/night sweat, frequent night urination, diarrhea, weak potency, female amenorrhea, cold painful urination, red/white leukorrhea, all cold diseases, big or small. Brightens eyes, increases strength, lightens body, tonifies marrow and Essence.
Herbs: Chushizi (Torreyaegrantis Semen [1 sheng, washed mud, lightly roasted], Guigui (Cinnamomi Ramulus [4 liangs, skin removed], Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix [half jin, wine-soaked for 3 days]), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma [3 liangs, roasted]).
Usage: Grind into powder, form pills with wine and flour paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose with warm wine before meals on an empty stomach, salt water is also acceptable.
Buzhong Wan (Tonify Middle Pill): Treats all Qi diseases, cool pain in abdomen, vomiting/rebellious Qi, no desire to eat.
Herbs: Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex [roasted with ginger until fragrant], Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma [roasted], Yuanmu (Unclear, possibly Yuanzhi or similar), Baifuling (Poria [skin removed]), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma [roasted, equal parts]).
Usage: Grind into powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of cherries. Take one pill per dose on empty stomach, dissolve in white water, or chew thoroughly.
Bidengqie Wan (Picrasma Pill): Treats middle jiao obstruction, rebellious Qi attacking upward, heart/abdominal pain, vomiting. Improves appetite.
Herbs: Bidengqie (Picrasmae Fructus [half liang], Liangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma [2 liangs]), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata [roasted]), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride [white part removed], Guigui (Cinnamomi Ramulus [skin removed, each 1 liang]), Awei (Ferulae Resina [half liang, wrapped in vinegar dough, roasted]).
Usage: Grind into powder, form pills with vinegar dough paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose with ginger soup, any time.