夫风湿寒三气杂至,合而为痹。虽曰合痹,其用自殊。风胜则为行痹,寒胜则为痛痹,
湿胜则为着痹。三气袭人经络,入于筋脉、皮肉、肌肤,久而不已,则入五脏。凡使人烦满
,喘而吐者,是痹客于肺;烦心上气,嗌干恐噫,厥胀满者,是痹客于心;多饮,数小便,
小腹痛如怀妊,夜卧则惊者,是痹客于肝;善胀,尻以代踵,脊以代头者,是痹客于肾;四
肢解惰,发咳呕沫,上为大塞者,是痹客于脾。又有肠痹者,数饮而小便不利,中气喘急,
时发飧泄。又胞痹者,小腹按之内痛,若沃以汤,涩于小便,上为清涕。又六腑各有俞,风
寒湿中其俞,而食饮应之,故循俞而入,各舍其腑。治之,随其腑俞,以施针灸之法,仍服
逐风湿寒发散等药,则病自愈。大抵痹之为病,寒多则痛,风多则行,湿多则着;在骨则重
而不举,在脉则血凝不流,在筋则屈而不伸,在肉则不仁,在皮则寒,逢寒则急,逢热则纵
。又有血痹,以类相从,附于此门。外有支饮作痹,见痰饮门。
治风湿寒痹,骨节疼痛,皮肤不仁,肌肉重着,四肢缓纵。
附子(生去皮脐) 白芍药 桂心 甘草 白茯苓 人参(各三分) 白术(一两)
上为锉散。每服四钱,水三盏,煎七分,去滓,食前服。
治尊荣人骨弱肌重,因疲劳汗出,卧不时动摇,加以微风,遂作血痹,脉
当阴阳俱微,尺中少紧,身体如风痹状。
黄 芍药 桂心(各等分)
上为锉散。每服四大钱,水二盏,姜五片,枣三枚,煎七分,去滓,食前服。
风湿寒三种邪气混杂侵袭人体,结合而形成痹证。虽然统称为合痹,但其临床表现各有不同。风邪偏盛则形成行痹(风气胜则疼痛游走不定),寒邪偏盛则形成痛痹(寒气胜则疼痛剧烈固定),湿邪偏盛则形成着痹(湿气胜则肢体沉重酸痛、部位固定)。这三种邪气侵犯人的经络,深入筋脉、皮肉和肌肤,若久治不愈,则会内传至五脏。凡是使人感到烦闷胀满,气喘且呕吐的,是痹邪客居于肺;心烦气逆,咽喉干燥,担心嗳气,四肢厥冷且胀满的,是痹邪客居于心;口渴多饮,小便频数,小腹部疼痛如同怀孕一般,夜间睡眠易惊悸的,是痹邪客居于肝;容易腹胀,臀部着地代替脚跟行走,脊柱弯曲头部低垂无法抬起的,是痹邪客居于肾;四肢懈怠无力,发作咳嗽并吐出泡沫痰液,上部出现严重窒塞感的,是痹邪客居于脾。又有肠痹这一类型,表现为频繁饮水但小便不利,腹中气息喘急,时常发生完谷不化的泄泻。又有胞痹这一类型,小腹部按压时内部疼痛,感觉像被热水浇灌一样灼热,小便涩滞不畅,上部出现清稀鼻涕。此外,六腑各有其俞穴,风寒湿邪中伤这些俞穴,并与饮食反应相应,因此邪气顺着俞穴进入,各自留舍于相应的腑。治疗时,根据各腑的俞穴,施行针灸疗法,同时服用驱逐风湿寒邪、发散表邪的药物,疾病自然痊愈。大抵痹证这种疾病,寒邪多则疼痛明显,风邪多则疼痛游走,湿邪多则肢体沉重固定;病在骨则身体沉重难以举动,病在脉则血液凝滞不流动,病在筋则关节屈曲不能伸展,病在肉则感觉麻木不仁,病在皮则畏寒,遇寒冷则肌肉拘急,遇温热则肌肉松弛。又有血痹,因其性质相似而归类于此门。外部还有支饮导致的痹证,详见痰饮门。
治疗风湿寒邪引起的痹证,骨节疼痛,皮肤麻木不仁,肌肉沉重感,四肢弛缓纵弱。
附子(生用,去皮及脐) 白芍药 桂心 甘草 白茯苓 人参(各三分) 白术(一两)
将上述药材捣碎成粗散。每次服用四钱,用水三盏,煎煮至七分水量,滤去药渣,饭前服用。
治疗体贵之人(尊荣人)骨骼脆弱肌肉松软,因疲劳出汗后,睡觉时身体不时动摇,又加上受微风侵袭,于是形成血痹,脉象应当呈现阴阳两部都微弱,尺部脉稍紧,身体症状类似风痹。
黄芪 芍药 桂心(各等分)
将上述药材捣碎成粗散。每次服用四大钱,用水二盏,生姜五片,大枣三枚,煎煮至七分水量,滤去药渣,饭前服用。
The three pathogenic factors of wind, dampness, and cold mix together to combine and form Bi syndrome (Obstruction Syndrome). Although collectively referred to as combined Bi, their clinical manifestations differ. When wind is predominant, it forms Xing Bi (Wandering Bi); when cold is predominant, it forms Tong Bi (Painful Bi); when dampness is predominant, it forms Zhuo Bi (Fixed Bi). These three pathogens invade the meridians, entering the sinews, vessels, flesh, and skin. If not cured for a long time, they enter the five Zang organs. Whenever one experiences irritability and fullness, wheezing and vomiting, this indicates Bi pathogen lodging in the Lung; irritability with rebellious Qi, dry throat, fear of belching, cold limbs, and fullness indicate Bi pathogen lodging in the Heart; excessive drinking, frequent urination, lower abdominal pain resembling pregnancy, and night terrors indicate Bi pathogen lodging in the Liver; propensity for bloating, inability to walk upright replacing heels with buttocks, and spine curvature replacing the head indicate Bi pathogen lodging in the Kidney; flaccidity of the four limbs, coughing with frothy sputum, and severe obstruction above indicate Bi pathogen lodging in the Spleen. There is also Chang Bi (Intestinal Bi), characterized by frequent drinking but difficult urination,急促 breathing in the middle jiao, and occasional undigested stool diarrhea. There is also Bao Bi (Bladder/Reproductive Organ Bi), characterized by internal pain upon pressing the lower abdomen, a sensation as if scalded by hot water, dribbling urine, and clear nasal discharge above. Furthermore, each of the six Fu organs has its Shu points. When wind, cold, and dampness strike these Shu points, and dietary intake responds accordingly, the pathogens enter via the Shu points and lodge in their respective Fu organs. Treatment involves applying acupuncture and moxibustion according to the Shu points of the affected Fu organs, while administering herbs that expel wind, dampness, and cold and induce diaphoresis, leading to spontaneous recovery. Generally speaking, in Bi disease, excess cold causes pain, excess wind causes wandering pain, and excess dampness causes fixed heaviness; when in the bone, the body feels heavy and difficult to move; when in the vessels, blood coagulates and fails to flow; when in the sinews, flexion occurs without extension; when in the flesh, there is numbness; when in the skin, there is coldness, with contraction upon exposure to cold and relaxation upon exposure to heat. There is also Blood Bi, which is classified here due to similarity. External cases where Zhi Yin (Branching Fluid Retention) causes Bi are detailed in the Phlegm-Fluids section.
To treat Bi caused by wind, dampness, and cold, involving joint pain, skin numbness, muscle heaviness, and flaccidity of the four limbs:
Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, raw, peeled and navel removed) Baishao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Baifuling (Poria) Renshen (Ginseng Radix) [each 3 fen] Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) [1 liang]
Crush the above ingredients into coarse powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 3 zhan of water, decoct until reduced to 7 fen volume, strain, and take before meals.
To treat "Zunrong Ren" (persons of noble constitution) with weak bones and loose muscles, who develop Blood Bi after fatigue-induced sweating, restless sleep, and exposure to slight wind. The pulse should be micro in both Yin and Yang positions, slightly tight at the Chi position, and the body presents symptoms similar to Feng Bi (Wind Bi):
Huangqi (Astragali Radix) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex) [equal parts]
Crush the above ingredients into coarse powder. Take 4 da qian per dose, add 2 zhan of water, 5 slices of fresh ginger, and 3 dates, decoct until reduced to 7 fen volume, strain, and take before meals.